2. Formation – Past Simple
Second form of the verb
I watched TV last night.
I saw the film yesterday.
Auxiliary verb – DID
I didn’t watch TV last night.
Did you see the film yestrday?
3. Formation – Present Perfect
have / has + 3rd form of the verb (past
participle)
I have seen this film.
I haven’t seen this film
Have you seen this film?
Careful!
I have had a headache for three days.
5. Present Perfect
He has lost his key.
He has lost it recently.
The result is: he doesn’t have it now
This is altogether new information
There is connection to now: He needs the key now and
doesn’t have it now (although he lost it at some point in
the past)
I’ve cut my finger!
The road is closed. There has been an accident.
6. Connection to now
Where’s your key? I don’t know. I’ve lost it.
(I lost it in the past. I don’t have it now)
He told me his name, but I’ve forgotten it. (I
can’t remember it now)
Is Sally here? No she’s gone out. (She’s out
now)
I can’t find my bag. Have you seen it? (Do
you know where it is now?)
7. gone to vs been to
Note the difference between gone to and been
to
Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he
is there now or on his way there)
Jane is back home now. She’s been to Italy
(= she has come back)
9. Words that go with present perfect
for / since
already
yet
always
just
ever / never
so far
today
this week / month, etc
How long
lately
recently
still
etc.
10. Have you ever?
Have you ever been abroad?
Yes, I have.
Where have you been?
I have been in China.
When did you go there?
I was in China two years ago.
What did you like the most about China?
I liked the Chinese people. They are nice.
11. Talk about periods of time that are not
finished
I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today.
Have you had a holiday this year?
I haven’t seen Tom this morning. Have you?
Rob hasn’t studied very hard this term.
12. It’s the first time something has
happened
It’s the first time Don has driven a car.
He has never driven a car before.
13. How long have you been…?
They have been married for 20 years.
(something started in the past and still continues)
14. for and since
For – a period of time
for two months
for a year
Since – start of a period of time
since 2009
since I got up
Sally has worked there for 6 months.
Sally worked there for 6 months.
15. when vs how long
When did it start raining?
It started raining an hour ago.
How long has it been raining?
It has been raining for an hour.
When did they first meet?
They met when they were at
school.
How long have they known each
other?
They have known each other since
they were in school.
16. It’s… since…
It’s two years since I last saw Joe.
(= I haven’t seen Joe for two years)
How long is it since you last saw Joe?
(=When did you last see Joe?)
