1. i190 Spring 2014: Information and Communications Technology
for Development (ICTD) in Practice
University of California Berkeley, School of Information
LECTURE 16: 30 Mar 2014
Instructor: San Ng (www.sanng.com)
Class Website: i190spring2014.sanng.com

2. Spring Break Course Revisit: 190 Framework
Conceptual
Week1: Introduction to Course
W2:What is Development?
W3:What is ICTD
W4:Who Does What in Practice?
Mapping the ICTD Landscape
i190
ICTD in
Practice:
Core Skills
Technical
(eApplications)
W5: Overarching Issues of
eApplications
W6: Infrastructure,Telecenters,
Agriculture,
W7: Revisiting Agriculture,,
W8 : e-Health, Education
W9: eGovernance
Microfinance
Management
W10: Break
W11: Intro to Project Management
Planning and Assessment
W12: Budgeting, Scheduling, Fundraising
W13: Implementation
W14: Monitoring and Evaluation/
Next Cycle
W15: Final Projects &
Wrap Up

3. Our Core Values
 Open, collaborative, inclusive, community
 Share class resources (especially) with developing world
 Ideas and innovation in learning
 AGILE method of teaching/learning
 Learning in all directions (not just instructor to students)
 failure ok
 Tech Curious
 Walk the talk- try technology and social networks, see what
sticks
 FUN and interesting
 WHAT ABOUTYOU?

4. What Is International Development
 Especially watch the second (later in time) TED Talk
•http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_e
ver_seen.html
•http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_reveals_new_insights_on_poverty
.html

5. Theories of International Development
Liberalism
Modernization
Neo-Liberalism
Dependency
Critics of Liberalism
Globalization
???!!!!!
Post-Modernization
Civil Society
Gender Based
Sustainable development
Rights Based Approaches
Development as Freedom
Institution

6. Theories of International Development
Liberalism
Modernization
Neo-Liberalism Dependency
Critics of Liberalism
Globalization
Post-Modernization
Civil Society
Gender Based
Sustainable development
Rights Based Approaches
Development as Freedom
Institutions
AVery Simple Framework
MARKET STATE/
PEOPLE

7. Measurement of International Development:
See list of broad indicators listed in Wikipedia and read The Guardian, How would you
measure development progress?
•http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_reveals_new_insights_on_poverty.html
•Some typical index/indicators:
•Well Being ? Happiness?
Measurement of International Development
GDP, GINI, Mortality Rate, Population,
Education, Security, etc, etc, etc, etc…
Mortality vs Population?

8. Measurement of International Development
In Practice, mainly:
• Human Development Index (HDI)
http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi
•World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI)
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/all
•(MDGs)

9. Measurement of International Development

10. Does International Development Work?
Does International DevelopmentWork?
Review books listed here by visiting links:
http://blog.sanng.com/2010/08/does-international-
development-aid-work.html

11. Careers in International Development
Development Career and Jobs:
Sign up (for free) for www.devex.com, one of the major development
and job hubs.Then read ABC of development jobs and Career
transitions: How to figure out if an aid job is right for you

12. Theories of ICT4D
(Some Distinctions First: Technology vs ICT)
Good Ol’ Development Theory from Development Studies,
including new concepts such as Globalization & Knowledge Societies?
(Unwin)

13. Theories of ICT4D
State of ICT4DTheories (Articles: Heeks? Unwin? Raita?Wikipedia?)
•From what disciplines?
•Development Studies? Governance? Knowledge Societies?
•Criticisms of current state of literature
•Relevance to us?

14. Theories of ICT4D
•From what disciplines?

15. History and Future ICT4D
-Origins?
-ICT4D 0.0-1.0-2.0
-ICT4D 2.0
- Priorities?
-Innovation Models?
-Implementation Changes?
-Theories/Worldviews?
-What wouldYOU recommend?

16. History and Future ICT4D

17. History and Future ICT4D- Teaching ICTD
From Heeks, 2009 From i190, 2014
Conceptual
Week1: Introduction to Course
W2:What is Development?
W3:What is ICTD
W4:Who Does What in
Practice?
Mapping the ICTD
Landscape
ICTD in
Practice:
Core
SkillsTechnical (Applications)
W5: Overarching Issues of
Technical Applications
W6: Infrastructure,Telecenters,
Agriculture,
W7: Health, Education,
Microfinance
W8: Governance and Law
Management
W9: Intro to Project Management
W10: Break
W11: Planning and Assessment
W12: Budgeting, Scheduling,
Fundraising
W13: Implementation
W14: Monitoring and Evaluation/
Next Cycle

18. Does ICT4D Work?
Courtesy of Inveneo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/inveneo/6252235953/in/photostream/
Heeks, 2002 (http://ictlogy.net/bibliography/reports/projects.php?idp=199)

19. Does ICT4D Work?
http://failfaire.org

20. Mapping the Stakeholders in ICT4D
Multilaterals and
Governments:
Civil Society:
Private Sector:
Here is the final mapping
from the spreadsheets:
https://mapsengine.google.co
m/map/edit?mid=zaN1njwon
8jM.kzggt23tlaow

21. i190 Framework
Conceptual
Week1: Introduction to Course
W2:What is Development?
W3:What is ICTD
W4:Who Does What in Practice?
Mapping the ICTD Landscape
i190
ICTD in
Practice:
Core Skills
Technical
(eApplications)
W5: Overarching Issues of
eApplications
W6: Infrastructure,Telecenters,
Agriculture,
W7: Revisiting Agriculture,,
W8 : e-Health, Education
W9: eGovernance
Microfinance
Management
W10: Break
W11: Intro to Project Management
Planning and Assessment
W12: Budgeting, Scheduling, Fundraising
W13: Implementation
W14: Monitoring and Evaluation/
Next Cycle
W15: Final Projects &
Wrap Up

22. Overarching Issues

23. Trends/Buzzwords in ICTD and e-
Application
BOP
Rights Based Approaches
Digital Divide
ICTD Policies Innovation
Appropriate Technology
Open Everything (development, data, etc)
Web 3.0
Big Everything
Convergence
Mobile Mobile Mobile
Social enterprise

24. ICTD Policies
•Broad Categories of Policy APC, ICT Policy Handbook
•ICTD Policy in Practice Lessons Learnt in ICT4D Policy Making
•How is it done ? In content and institutionally?
•What are the lessons learned?

25. BOP
•What is the BOP concept? The Fortune at the Bottom of the
Pyramid (BOP)
•
•How is it like in practice? ICT4D:The Bottom of the Pyramid
Model in Practice”.
•What is the project?
•What worked or didn’t work?
•What are recommendations?

26. Appropriate Technology and Innovation
•What are some of your suggestions/predictions for
innovation and appropriate technology?: Heeks,The ICT4D
2.0 Manifesto:Where Next for ICTs and International
Development?

27. Openness
•What is it?!
•What is good about it?
•What is not so good about it?

28. ICT in Agriculture
•Skew of disciplinary research
(econ, ethnographic, ENR, energy, geog…etc)
•Jensen work: - neat econ study:
•People:=only 2
•Tech: = 1 function
•Welfare= income
•Burrell et al. – making a mess:
•Other players:/relationships auctioneer, fish
waste vendor, gender etc
•Tech: lots of other usage
•Context: n/s, types of terrain, boards
•Welfare=WAY more than income
•Can it be generalized then?
•What to do in practice?
•Be cognizant of debates
•Local context
•Don’t start with tech
•Same old foundational factors in design and
implementation
•Usually dynamic, changing, needs, messy,‘it’s
complicated’
Heeks, ICTD 2.0

29. ICT in Infrastructure
Inveneo.org
Eric Brewer,The Challenges of Technology Research for Developing Regions

30. Telecenters, Shared Access and Libraries
http://gurstein.wordpress.com/2013/11/16/beyond-access-libraries-
as-the-new-telecentres/

31. ICTD and Education: Theories continued
Traditional DevTheories
(loosely: market, growth, top down)
Alternative DevTheories
(loosely: state, rights, bottom up)

32. Trends in i-, e-, m-, blended-. etc-Education
“leap frog e-learning through m-learning”.
•Differences within the field: ICT for education,
distance learning, elearning, m-learning, blended
learning
•A new fad? But a new fad that can make a difference?

33. E-Health
•What is it?
•eHealth solutions & strategic
coordination
•What are some trends, in
developed, transitioning and
developing countries?
• Forever-pilot pattern and
lessons learned?
Introductions, trends and lessons learned: Implementing e-
Health in Developing Countries Pg7-14, 22-23, 27-28, 31-39
Get an overview of how an actual e-health project design
looks like: e-health portal in Dwesa, pg 7-15

34. eGovernance- what works and not?
•What is eGovernance?
•What is the Framework being used to measure?
•What are the results of this case study?
Success and Failure Factors for e-Government projects
implementation in developing countries

35. eGovernance

36. Microfinance & Mobile Banking
•What is Mobile Banking?
•Different trends/pace in different countries-
regulations, technologies, leadership,
•Issues: Trust, Fraud/attacks, Motivation of
savings/accumulation, Behavior change, cultural values
about money,
•What works, and not? Reasonable Project Time,
Building trust, managing expectations, values/behavior
changing, needs assessment important

37. i190 Framework- next part of class:
Conceptual
Week1: Introduction to Course
W2:What is Development?
W3:What is ICTD
W4:Who Does What in Practice?
Mapping the ICTD Landscape
i190
ICTD in
Practice:
Core Skills
Technical
(eApplications)
W5: Overarching Issues of
eApplications
W6: Infrastructure,Telecenters,
Agriculture,
W7: Revisiting Agriculture,,
W8 : e-Health, Education
W9: eGovernance
Microfinance
Management
W10: Break
W11: Intro to Project Management
Planning and Assessment
W12: Budgeting, Scheduling, Fundraising
W13: Implementation
W14: Monitoring and Evaluation/
Next Cycle
W15: Final Projects &
Wrap Up

38. Introduction to Project Management
•What are some themes within lessons learned?
•How is ICTD project management similar and
different to traditional development project
management? (theories)
•Life Cycle and Management Approaches
•How can we apply management tools to address the
lessons learned?

39. Introduction to Project Management
Planning
Initiation
Implementation
Monitoring & Evaluation
Next Phase? Transformation?

40. Introduction to Project Management: Planning

41. Introduction to Project Management: Planning (cont’d)
Initiation

42. Introduction to Project Management: Initiating
Implementation

43. Introduction to Project Management: Initiating (cont’d)

44. Introduction to Project Management: Implementation

45. Introduction to Project Management: Monitoring & Evaluation

46. Introduction to Project Management: Transformation

47. Introduction to Project Management
Planning
Initiation
Implementation
Monitoring & Evaluation
Next Phase? Transformation?