Who is an effective speaker?

1. ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVEASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE
ORAL COMMUNICATIONORAL COMMUNICATION

2. Voice
Posture
Gestures
Facial Expressions
Good Delivery

3. What is VOICE?
Voice is the
sound produced
especially by
human beings
mainly by means
of the lungs or
larynx.

4. • Air is the “fuel” needed to power your
voice.
• Your voice is the most important
communication tool.
• Your voice is also the index of your
personality because it reveals the kind of
person you are.

5. VOICE vs SPEECH
VOICE is the production of sound.
SPEECH is the combination and
blending of sounds.

6. ELEMENTS of VOICE
Stress
Intonation
Juncture
Intensity
Quality
Rate

7. STRESS
• It is the weight or prominence given
to a syllable in a word or in a group
of connected speech.
• The symbol (´) is used to indicate
stress in a word.

8. A syllable is a unit of sound.
It is usually made up of vowels
and consonants.
Syllabicate:
cakes
color
fantasy
kindergarten
organization

9. ANSWERS:
cakes
col-or
fan-ta-sy
kin-der-gar-ten
or-ga-ni-za-tion

10. CAKES
COLor
FANtasy
KINdergarten
organiZAtion

11. ELEMENTS of STRESS:
• Force or loudness – voice is loud
• Pitch – voice is raised high
• Duration – voice is long

12. Words stressed on the first syllableWords stressed on the first syllable
MEnu SAtin INteresting
WAgon REAson QUEStion
SOfa NOtary JUStify
PROfile ANcestor PLEAsurable
BAPtism ADmirable SECretary
COUpon MIgraine SYLlable
THIRty CIRcumstance NAtional

13. Words stressed on the second syllable
adVERtisement phoTOGraphy
deMAND forGETfulness
exCUSE phiLOsophy
corRECT pheNOmenal
carTOON suPERlative
nineTEEN comPARE
proFESsional

14. Words stressed on the third syllable
magaZINE refeREE
attaCHE exploRAtion
interACT affiDAvit
reinFORCE inforMAtion
underGO sepaRAtion
introDUCE uniVERsity
overACT anniVERsary

15. Words stressed on the fourth syllable
• temperaMENtal
• syllabiCAtion
• investiGAtion
• represenTAtion
• examiNAtion
• opthalMOlogist

16. GENERAL RULES:
• Most words with two syllables are
stressed on the first syllable.
HOly
RIver
Oral
FAUcet

17. • Compound nouns have a
primary stress on the first
component.
BEDroom SEAweeds
RAINcoat EYEball
BIRTHday BOOKshelf
HEADache STARfish

18. • Compound verbs have a
primary stress on the second
word.
call off shut down get out
break up sign off shut up
drop out switch off throw out
sit down come in speak up

19. • Intensive and reflexive pronouns
(ending in self or selves) receive a
stronger stress on the second part
(self/selves).
herself ourselves
himself themselves
myself

20. • Numbers ending in –teen
receive the stress on the last
syllable.
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen

21. • Words ending in –tion, -sion, -ic, -ical
and -ity always have primary stress on
the syllable before it.
exTENsion
ecoNOMic
cyNICal

22. CHECK-UP QUIZ
Listen to the teacher as she
pronounces the word.
Identify the stressed syllable
by rewriting the word and
capitalizing the letters of the
stressed syllable. Answers
only.

23. Example:
picture

24. ANSWER:
PICture

25. 1.captain

26. 2.sixteen

27. 3.myself

28. 4.permanent

29. 5.sign off

30. 6.exploration

31. 7.adore

32. 8.milkfish

33. 9.examination

34. 10.kindly

35. ANSWERS
1.CAPtain 6.exploRAtion
2.sixTEEN 7.aDORE
3.mySELF 8. MILKfish
4.PERmanent 9.examiNAtion
5.sign OFF 10. KINDly

36. Two-syllable words which
may be used as nouns or
verbs usually shift their
stress from the first syllable
when used as nouns; to the
second syllable when used
as verbs.

37. NOUNS VERBS
CONflict (controversy) conFLICT (to clash)
DEsert (barren region) deSERT (to abandon)
CONtent (subject matter) conTENT (to satisfy)
PROtest (complaint) proTEST (to complain)
Object (material/thing) obJECT (to disagree)
PERmit (authorization) perMIT (to allow)
REcord (list) reCORD (to put in writing)
CONtest (competition) conTEST (to challenge)
CONduct (behavior) conDUCT (to guide)

38. INTONATION

39. INTONATION
• Refers to the rise and fall of your
voice when you speak.
• It is the combination of tones and
stresses when pronouncing
syllables that make up the words.

40. FOUR BASIC TONES
1. Low
2. Normal
3. High
4. Extra High is only used in expressing
intense emotions like
anger,excitement,fear or pain

41. Model:
(2)
NORMAL
(3)HIGH
(1)
LOW

42. BASIC INTONATION
PATTERNS

43. 1. Rising- falling intonation pattern or 2-3-1
pattern
2
3
1

44. • It is used for statements, commands or
requests.
Traffic is heavy today.
Take them to the park.
Swimming is fun!
The plane is again late.

45. • When the voice moves sharply from one
tone to another at the end of the
statement, the change is called a shift.
• When the rising and falling movement of
one syllable occurs within one-syllable
word, it is called a glide.

46. • It is used for information
questions/questions that need a definite
answer.
Where have you been?
What’s your problem?
Where did you get it?
Who is with you?
What is your name?

47. 2.Rising Intonation or the 2-3-3 pattern
3 3
2

48. It is used for questions answerable by Yes
or No.
Are you ready?
Do you need help?
Are you in a hurry?
Is she saying something?

49. Identify the intonation pattern.
1. Are you sick?
2. Please be seated.
3. Where do you live?
4. Raymond, Paul and Tom are classmates.
5. Have you eaten your snacks?

50. OtherOther
Elements ofElements of
VoiceVoice

51. IntensityIntensity
It is the loudness or softness of voice.
This refers to the various strengths
exerted when uttering a sound.
It can be described as high (as in a
shout) or low (as in a whisper)

52. NO

53. Quality
• It is the timber or tone color of voice.
• This refers to the unique
characteristics of the individual voice.
• This is what identifies your voice as
being different from other voices.

54. Common Voice QualitiesCommon Voice Qualities
1. NORMAL – the natural voice indicating
little or no emotion.
I’m going to the library after class.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a
man wealthy and wise.

55. 2. FULL – the deep, full voice used in
public speaking when the voice is
projected to a great distance.
To live is to be among men and to be
among men is to struggle.
- Jose Rizal-

56. 3. Chesty – the deep hollow voice that
seems to come from an empty cave.
- voice used when speaking the part of
a ghost or spirit
Here rests his head upon the lap of
Earth
A Youth to Fortune and to fame
unknown.
-Thomas Gray-

57. 4.Breathy– whispering kind of tone,
especially used in a stage whisper or
when an atmosphere of secrecy or
mystery is desired.
Tell the others we will attack tonight.
Only a few guards are left in the prison
cell.

58. 5. Thin – the voice is high-pitched.
This occurs in extreme fatigue, extreme
excitement and old age.
The boat is sinking!

59. 6. Oral- the voice is thin and weak;often
heard among the very sick or weak
7. Nasal – the voice comes from the
nasal cavity;example is the voice of
someone who has a bad cold
8.Throaty – produced in violent anger

60. DURATION or RATEDURATION or RATE
• It is the fastness or slowness of the
sound produced.
• It is the length of time spent in the
actual production of a sound within a
word.
• The length of time used in pauses or
silence between word.

61. There was an old man who lived out in
the wood
Whose trade was cutting off
Broom,green,Broom!
He had but one son without thrift,without
good,
Who lay in his bed til it was noon,bright
noon

62. Characteristics of a Good
Voice
1. It is pure. It should be pleasant or
agreeable to the listeners.
2. It has a normal pitch.
3. It is loud enough to be heard by all.
4. It is flexible.
5. It produces good and correct
articulation of every consonant and
vowel sound.

63. A boy on the edge of
a diving board
A PE teacher
standing infront of
his/her class
A tired carpenter
waiting for a jeepney
A shopper loaded
with several
shopping bags
A traffic enforcer in
a busy intersection
A waiter carrying a
tray of foods
A woman singing in
a contest
A cadet saluting an
officer
A student standing
during flag ceremony
A ballet dancer
performing on stage

64. Even before you start to speak, yourEven before you start to speak, your
bodily action is already saying a lot ofbodily action is already saying a lot of
things about you.things about you.
It is not enough that you know how to
use your voice effectively.
It is also important that you knowIt is also important that you know
how to use bodily action through yourhow to use bodily action through your
posture, gestures and facialposture, gestures and facial
expressions to communicateexpressions to communicate
effectively.effectively.

65. POSTUREPOSTURE
• It is the position or bearing
of the body whether natural
or assumed for a special
purpose.

66. • Look around you. Are there
classmates sitting erect or are
some slouching?
• Sitting erect means: I’m
listening, I’m interested
• Slouching could mean: I’m
tired!, I don’t care!

67. • Do you stand tall and erect when
you recite?
• You communicate that you are
confident of what you say.
• Or are your shoulders sagging
and your hands are fiddling with
your clothes?
• You clearly say that you doubt
what you say.

70. What is good
posture?
• It is sitting,standing and walking
erect with the shoulders back,head
up and chin up.

71. What good posture saysWhat good posture says
about you?about you?
• You are healthy and mentally alert.
• You are attentive and enthusiastic.
• You have poise. (You are in control
even in emergency situations.)
• You have self-confidence.

72. Good posture
indicates good
health, discipline
and self-
confidence.

73. GESTURES

74. Gesture
• It is a movement, usually of the body or
limbs, which expresses or emphasizes
an idea, sentiment or attitude.
• It is the movement of the body that
supports,reinforces or indicates
meaning.

75. KINDS OFKINDS OF
GESTURESGESTURES

76. 1. Symbolic Gestures
• They communicate words, numbers
and position.
For example:
• A thumbs-up- showing you agree
• Three fingers – number three
• Pointing to show a position – up, down

77. 2. Descriptive Gestures
• They communicate an idea or
movement.
For example:
• Spreading hands apart- to show length
• Using hands to show shape

78. 3.Emotional Gestures
• They suggest feelings/emotions.
For example:
• Clenched fist – show anger
• Hands clasped – show pleading
• Pointed finger – to accuse

79. Basic
Hand
Gestures

80. 1. Index-finger pointing
• The index finger is extended up to
point out a person or a group of
people, a place or direction, an object,
an idea or fact
• This is usually used for mild emphasis.

81. 2. Palm-up position or hand
supine
• The palm is facing up to express
welcome, approval,presentation or
request

82. 3.Palm-down position
• The palm is facing down.
• It indicates
disapproval,disgust,disrespect

83. A variation is the PALM ADVERSE.
- The palm is extended outward away from
the body.
- It is used to express a strong feeling of
hatred,rejection,impatience,dismissal and
even fear.

84. 4. Clenched fist
• The fingers are tightly curved and
closed.
• It is used to show intensity of feelings;
for strong emphasis, also to add force
to what is being said and to indicate
challenge

85. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

86. JOY
• I won!
• It’s nice to see
you.
• How wonderful!
• That’s exciting!
• I like it!

87. SADNESS
• We lost in the
contest.
• I’m not feeling
well.
• I made a mistake.
• I did not mean it.

88. FEAR
• Is somebody in?
• I’m all alone.
• Can you hear
me?
• Who’s knocking?

89. ANGER
• Shut up!
• I don’t want to
see you again.
• Look at me!
• Tell the truth!

90. EYE CONTACT
• It is talking to your listeners, not just
with your voice, but with your eyes.
• When you look directly at your
listeners, you establish rapport with
them.