Professor Sana Rehman, Assistant Professor, SCMS Pune talks all about GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA. Contents: 1. Terminology 2. Qualitative and Quantitative Data 3. Continuous and Discrete Data 4. Primary and Secondary Data 5. Meaning of Statistics 6. Importance of the Organization of India 7. Arranging data in a sequence 8. Grouping and Tabulation of Data 9. Tally table 10. Histogram 11. Bar diagram or bar graph 12. Frequency Polygon 13. Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive 14.

1. By, Sana Rehman, Assistant Professor,
SCMS, Pune

2.  Data: data refers to the set of observations,
values, elements or objects under
consideration.
 Population: The complete set of all possible
elements or objects is called a population

3. Management No. Of schools
Governemnt 5
Private aided 4
Local body 7
Prvate unaided 6
Total 22
Enrollment No. of schools
Upto 50 6
51-100 5
101-200 12
201-300 5

4. Height No. of sudents
4’8-4’10 10
4’10-5’6 20
5’6-5’10 30
Enrollment No. of schools
Upto 50 6
51-100 5
101-200 12
201-300 5

5.  The data collected by or on behalf of the person or
people who are going to make use of the data refers to
primary data
 The data used by a person or people other than the
people by whom or for whom the data were collected
refers to secondary data. With following
Consuderations:
1. how the data have been collected and processed;
2. the accuracy of data
3. how far the data have been summarized;
4. how comparable the data are with other tabulations;
and
5. how to interpret the data, especially when figures
collected for one purpose are used for another purpose.

6.  Statistics can be described as the science of
classifying and organizing data in order to
draw inferences.
 Statistics refers to the methodology for the
collection, presentation and analyses of data
and for the uses of such data.

8.  Height in cms :
142,156,139,148,150,149,148,144,150,152,148,149,147,141
and 145. Little can be said about the height of the
children from these figures
 Height incms:
139,141,142,144,145,147,148,148,148,149,149,150,150,152
and 156. Even after a cursory look at the arranged data,
1. one can say that the height of the children varies from
139 cm to 156 cm:
2. there are 3 children having the same height of 148 cm
and
3. the number of children having height below 148 cm
and having height above 148 cm is the same.

9.  a test of 50 marks is administered on a class of 40
students and the marks obtained by these students
are as listed below
 35, 40, 50, 49, 52, 28, 78, 85, 39
 Such a table is known as frequency distribution
Marks No. of students
10-20 5
20-30 8
30-40 2
40-50 7
50-60 6

11.  The data which has been shown in the tabular
form, may be displayed in pictorial form by using
a graph. A well-constructed graphical presentation
is the easies
 Here only a few of the standard graphic forms of
representing the data are being discussed as listed
below
 a Histogram
 a Bar Diagram or Bar Graph
 a Frequency Polygon
 a Cumulative Frequency

12.  Built on a graph paper.
 X axis: Value of variables (class interval)
 Y Axis: Frequencies

13. • For the discrete Variable
• Unit of measure on horizontal axis is not
important.

14.  Horizontal Axis: Value of variables
 Vertical Axis: Frequencies
 Mark the mid point of Class interval

15.  mid points of the C.I. on horizontal axis
 vertical axis, cumulative frequency/cumulative
percentage