1. Multi-Stakeholder Research Question
Development Workshop
Eastern Africa Livestock
Strategy Excerpt
Linking Research To Application Within The Extensive
Livestock Value Chain
Presented by: Rosemirta Birungi, AFID (
rosemirta@yahoo.com)
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

2. EAFF STRATEGY FOCUS:
EXTENSIVE LIVESTOCK SYSTEM &
BEEF
2
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

3. PRESENTATION CONTENT
1. Why the extensive livestock value chain as a
federating theme
2. Why value chain analysis for EA livestock
strategy in Kenya and Uganda
3. Challenges, risks, and opportunities in extensive
livestock value chains
4. Policy and legislative environment in Kenya and
Uganda
5. Research gaps and policy recommendations
from study
6. Strategic interventions for EAFF
3
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

4. 1. WHY THE EXTENSIVE LIVESTOCK
VALUE CHAIN AS A FEDERATING
THEME
 VC approach was adopted for Eastern Africa
Livestock strategy to provide for integration of all
actors and functions in the Extensive livestock
sub-sector
 Provide a framework for analysis of farmer-to-
consumer or production to consumption continuum
 Stipulate provision of information on constraints,
opportunities, policies and plausible strategies in the
ELVC 4
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

5. 2. WHY VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
FOR EA LIVESTOCK STRATEGY
(KENYA AND UGANDA)
 Analysis of the Extensive Livestock Value
Chain (ELVC) describes the full range of
activities that are required to bring beef
from production, through the different
phases of production to delivery for final
consumption (Adopted: Kaplinsky & Moris, 2002)
 *Inform
and trigger Market or Value-
driven approach to beef production
5
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

6. WHY THE MARKET-DRIVEN BEEF
VALUE CHAIN FOR EAFF
STRATEGY
 Market orientation has potential to trigger
sector development through illuminating
strategic stakeholder investment and
participation functions along the Value
Chain
 Market-driven livestock value chains
highlights: Actors, Functions and their
Linkages at various levels along the Beef
production to consumption continuum. 6
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

7. MARKET-DRIVEN LIVESTOCK (BEEF)
VALUE CHAIN (EXTENDED)
Beef Value Consumers
Chain Functions
Supermarkets Butcheries/ Groceries Roadside Export
Retailing meat shops vendors market
Distribution Large Small Hides & Skins
scale scale Processors
Processors Processors
Processing Formal
Commercial Export Informal
Slaughter slabs
abattoirs abattoirs
Slaughter
Quarantine
Marketing Terminal market
Secondary Primary
Regulatory authorities
market market
Standards authorities
Broker s
Production
Traditional pastoralists
Commercial Ranches Service providers
Input supply
Input suppliers
7
Source: Kurwijila et al 2010
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

8. 3. CHALLENGES,
RISKS,
AND OPPORTUNITIES IN
EXTENSIVE LIVESTOCK
VALUE CHAINS
8 HOST CASES: UGANDA AND
KENYA
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

9. 3.1: PRODUCTION: CHALLENGES, RISKS &
OPPORTUNITIES
Challenges & Risks; Opportunities
skewed towards adverse effects of
1. Promoting indigenous breeds
climate change and variability
1. Pasture and water stress 2. Controlling diseases
2. Pests and diseases 3. Increasing land productivity
3. Limited Extension Services 4. Enhancing animal nutrition and
feeds
4. Cattle rustling
5. Promoting irrigated agriculture in
5. Limited access to financial
agro-pastoral systems
services
6. Managing Indigenous Knowledge
6. Lack of risk insurance
for Early warning
mechanism
7. Promoting ethno veterinary
7. Loss of common property
services and medicine
resources
8. Scaling-up the Index-Based
8. Corroding of traditional
Livestock Insurance
institutions & coping
mechanisms 9
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

10. 3.2: PROCESSING: CHALLENGES, RISKS &
OPPORTUNITIES
Challenges & Risks Opportunities
1. Inadequate primary 1.Establishing modern
processing facilities abattoirs; HACCP and
phytosanitary compliance is critical
2. Inappropriate value-
2.Promoting cottage
addition practices
processing in rural and
3. Inadequate support urban areas
from stakeholder 3.Growth of region’s fast-foods
institutions industry calls for investing
4. Inconsistent supply of in livestock processing
livestock 4.Investing in rural energy
5. Limited investment technologies for processing
capital 10
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

11. 3.2: MARKETING: CHALLENGES, RISKS &
OPPORTUNITIES
Challenges & Risks Opportunities
1. Poor and lack of market (Domestic & International
infrastructures markets)
2. Low motivation of pastoralist 1. Un met market demand for red
to participate in livestock meat from cattle, small
trade ruminants and camels
3. Seasonal price declines 2. Proliferation of fast-foods &
4. Trade ban due to Diseases growth of catering industry
Outbreaks
3. Increased portfolio of beef value-
5. Limited Access to Market addition/value added pdt
information
4. Establish appropriate
6. Poor functionality of institutions and build capacity
institutions
for actor compliance to sanitary
7. Inadequate Transportation and phytosanitary requirements
facilities
11
8. Inappropriate policy support
to improve market access
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

12. 4. POLICY AND
LEGISLATIVE
ENVIRONMENT IN
KENYA AND UGANDA
Policy-related Constraints and
12 Opportunities
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

13. NATIONAL POLICY
ENVIRONMENT
Kenya Livestock Development Policy
1. Livestock sector is inadequately funded and suggests a deliberate
effort by the government to increase funding
2. Proposes strategic institutional reforms e.g. creation of Kenya
Livestock Research Institute
3. Recognizes that existing institutions like the Kenya Meat Commission
(KMC) and the Kenya Veterinary Board (KVB) should be
restructured to accommodate new functions
4. Recognizes that current definition of food security excludes
animal based products such as milk, beef and fish which are of high
nutritional value
5. Proposes government to collaborate with stakeholders to
explore means of securing adequate investment for livestock
infrastructure
6. Proposes addressing Human-wildlife conflict with measures like
eco-tourism and appropriate compensation scheme for the loss of both13
human and livestock.
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

14. NATIONAL POLICY ENVIRONMENT
CONTINUED…..
Uganda National Livestock Policy: National Meat policy
 Concerned institutions are too many and may hinder
implementation; BUT creates opportunity for Innovation
Systems Approach
 Centralized licensing inhibits small trader participation in
markets
 Provides opportunity for wider stakeholder participation and
widens the value chain functions
 Assigns a lead role to the private sector in implementing the
policy
 Promotes sustainable production of quality meat to meet demand
and contribute to food security
 Supports and guides meat processing, value addition and
enforcement of standards in the meat industry
 Improves marketing of meat and meat products for domestic and 14
targeted regional and international export markets
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

15. 5. PRIORITIES
FROM THE STUDY
Research and policy
15
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

16. 5.1: RESEARCH PRIORITIES
Production
1. Improving feed resources and feeding packages
2. Preventing and controlling disease epidemics
3. Regional disease surveillance and control
4. Scaling-up indigenous knowledge on coping
mechanism
Marketing
1. Improving marketing and market access
2. Market analysis to inform policy and
investment options
3. Policies and regulations to improve market
access 16
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

17. 5.1: RESEARCH PRIORITIES
CONTINUED……
Processing
1. Product standard and quality
2. Innovative value addition technologies
3. Utilization of value-addition innovations
17
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

18. 5.2: POLICY PRIORITIES
Production
 Promote appropriate land tenure and policies
 Pasture rejuvenation
 Private sector investment in feed supply
 Promote characterization and on-farm
conservation of superior animal breeds
 Drug quality control and effective veterinary
service delivery
 Communication mechanism in pastoral
communities
18
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

19. 5.2: POLICY PRIORITIES
Enabling environment for investment
 Improvement in commercial lending rates
 Improvement in access to land for private
sector investment
 Enabling strategic collaborations with
potential funding agencies
 Enabling technology transfer both domestic
and ‘imported’ technology
 Standardization and harmonization of
GMPs
19
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

20. 6. STRATEGIC
INTERVENTIONS FOR
EAFF
Theme 1: Improving Livestock productivity in
agro-pastoral and pastoral systems
Theme 2: Enhancing adaptation and coping with
climate variability and change
Theme 3: Facilitating market access and
20
exploiting market opportunities
Theme 4: Improving Value Addition of Livestock
Products
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

21. THEME 1: IMPROVING LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRO-PASTORAL AND
PASTORAL SYSTEMS
Sub-theme Strategic Interventions
1.1: Improving feed 1.1.1: Promoting Feeding packages in agro-
resources and feeding pastoral systems
packages to increase feeds 1.1.2: Improving Community- based
and water availability
Rangelands
1.2: Preventing and 1.2.1: Facilitating provision of animal health
controlling epidemic services
diseases 1.2.2: Facilitating establishment of a regional
disease surveillance and control system
1.3 Improving adoption 1.3.1: Improving technology adoption
of technologies and 1.3.2: Policy analysis and advocacy
innovations 1.3.3: Strengthening Institutional
arrangements
1.4: Improving 1.4.1: Identification and use of superior
utilization of indigenous animals breeds
breeds 1.4.2: Characterization and conservation of
21
selected indigenous breeds
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

22. THEME 2: ENHANCING ADAPTATION AND
COPING WITH CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND
CHANGE
Sub-theme Strategic Interventions
2.1: Resources 2.1.1: Establishing community- based
monitoring, monitoring system
establishing 2.1.2: Establishing efficient communication
Community-Based systems for early warning
Early Warning System 2.1.3: Promoting mobile communication
and migration facilities
management 2.1.4: Producing and Disseminating Periodic
Situation Analysis Bulletins
2.1.5: Strengthening information
communication for Migration management
2.2: Improving herd 2.2.1: Herd diversification
management to 2.2.1: Herd splitting and targeted feeding
minimize losses during
drought crises 22
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

23. THEME 3: FACILITATING MARKET ACCESS
AND EXPLOITING MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
Sub-theme Strategic Interventions
3.1: Strengthening Incisive investigations for; infrastructure
policies and development, incentives across the value chain,
regulations to capacity requirements, tax regimes and
improve market institutional arrangements needed to enhance
access market access
3.2: Enhancing 3.2.1: Improving availability of market
access to and information
utilization of 3.2.2: Improving actor communication systems
market 3.2.3: Identifying and disseminating information
information on niche markets
3.3: Strengthening Organizing livestock producers
capacity for Training for competitiveness
bargaining power Supporting active participation and lobbying for
in input/output input and output markets 23
markets Supporting to access to services i.e: insurance
(e.g.IBLI) and finance
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

24. THEME 4: IMPROVING VALUE ADDITION OF
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
Sub-theme Strategic Interventions
4.1: Promoting 4.1.1: Identifying and up-scaling appropriate processing
Innovative technologies
value addition 4.1.2: Supporting cottage value addition
technologies 4.1.3: Enhancing strategic linkages to financing
4.2: Improving 4.2.1: Policy Analysis for enhanced value addition
efficiency and 4.2.2: Lobbing for enabling policy environment
value-addition 4.2.3: Building VCA capacity for continuous assessment
along the Value and response to market requirements
chain 4.2.4: Strengthening institutional arrangements to
enforce regulations on safety and standards
4.3: Improving 4.3.1: Inventory of existing market-based innovations
utilization of and potential institutions involved in market innovations
value-addition 4.3.2: Raising awareness on enabling policies to
innovations to enhance experimentation innovations development
exploit market 4.3.3: Improving adoption of appropriate innovations
opportunities 24
that enhance market opportunities
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

25. SUGGESTED IMPLEMENTATION
APPROACHES
1. Value Chain Development and Innovation System
Approach
2. System and Enterprise Integration
3. Mainstreaming Indigenous Knowledge
4. Responding To Emerging Issues
5. Streamling Capacity Building of Value Chain
Actors
6. Market Orientation and Enterprise Development
7. Economic/enterprise Diversification For Farmers
8. Gender-Responsiveness And Mainstreaming 25
Promoting Market access, enterprise and livelihood development in ECA

26. TO STAKEHOLDERS: ACTION
REQUIRED
1. Prioritize the research and policy –
related issues
2. Come out with plausible intervention
approaches
3. Harmonize terminologies and
operational terms
4. Any many more expectations……………
26

27. THANK YOU,
Rosemirta Birungi
Agency For Inter-regional Development (AFID)
rosemirta@yahoo.com
+256-772-589493