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La sécurité alimentaire : au cœur
des enjeux démographiques,
migratoires et sécuritaires
Laurent Bossard
Philipp Heinrigs
Secrétariat du Club du Sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest
EXTERNAL COOPERATION
INFOPOINT
Bruxelles, 16 mai 2017
Les enjeux alimentaires
ne doivent pas être
masqués par les
résurgences des défis
démographiques,
migratoires et
sécuritaires.
Ils font partie des
réponses à ces défis.
Population ouest-africaine, 1950-2050
Fécondité et scolarisation
Pourcentage de jeunes femmes (20-24 ans)
mariées avant l’âge de 18 ans
Niveaux d’urbanisation et taux de fécondité
Population rurale et urbaine en Afrique de l’Ouest
Migrants ouest-africains dans le monde
Émigrés ouest-africains en Afrique de l’ouest, 2015
Population totale en
2005 calculée sur la
base du RGPH
Population agricole
en 2005 selon le
RGA
Population agricole
/ population totale
Kayes 1802 1273 71%
Koulikoro 2189 1682 77%
Sikasso 2389 1460 61%
Ségou 2113 1371 65%
Mopti 1840 1577 86%
Tombouctou 610 756 124%
Gao 490 542 111%
Kidal 61 163 267%
Bamako 1636 106 7%
MALI Population totale et population agricole en 2005 (x1000)
Ne pas oublier que la mobilité régionale est vitale
pour la sécurité alimentaire et la résilience
Insécurité alimentaire au nord-est du Nigéria,
octobre-décembre 2016
Niger : fragilités internes et menaces régionales
Tchad : fragilités internes et menaces régionales
La prévention et la gestion des crises alimentaires
Priorités résilience pays (PRP-AGIR)
Alliance globale pour la résilience - Sahel et Afrique de l'Ouest
Demography and settlement
From urbanisation to cities
1950
1980
From urbanisation to cities
From urbanisation to cities
20102010
Average distance between cities 1950 = 71km > 2010 = 22km
Moving closer together
Urbanisation: some facts
• Urbanisation will continue – 500 million urban in 2050
• Few big cities and thousands of small towns (90% of cities less than 100 000 inhabitants)
• Emergence of new agglomeration will continue
• Huge investment and planning needs
• Policy design will also depend on more data (“If you want to make people count, you have
to count people.”)
CITY SIZE
LEVEL OF
URBANISATION
LOCAL
DOMINANCE
MARKET
POTENTIAL
Bobo-Dioulasso
CITY SIZE
LEVEL OF
URBANISATION
LOCAL
DOMINANCE
MARKET
POTENTIAL
Porto-Novo
CITY SIZE
LEVEL OF
URBANISATION
LOCAL
DOMINANCE
MARKET
POTENTIAL
Sokoto
Territorial interactions
Same city size, different regional contexts
CITY SIZE
LEVEL OF
URBANISATION
LOCAL
DOMINANCE
MARKET
POTENTIAL
Tsévié
CITY SIZE
LEVEL OF
URBANISATION
LOCAL
DOMINANCE
MARKET
POTENTIAL
Karu
CITY SIZE
LEVEL OF
URBANISATION
LOCAL
DOMINANCE
MARKET
POTENTIAL
Diamniadio
Different city size, same regional contexts
Territorial interactions
Urbanisation, agriculture and food economy
Urbanisation, agriculture and food economy
Food: West Africa’s largest private sector
The size of the food economy
Agricultural performance in food economy context
The regional food economy is
16x bigger than the
agricultural export sector
Agricultural exports
Diversifying consumption
Demand for convenience
Economic diversification
Concentration and interdependency
67% of food demand from urban areas.
Employment in the food economy
Niger Nigeria
44%
The share of food economy jobs
Niger Nigeria
The rural food economy
Nigeria
Food policy implications
Policy and budget allocations should change to reflect changes in the food
economy
Policy coordination – beyond agriculture
Connecting producer to consumers - regionally
Move beyond the traditional confines of agricultural ministries
Meeting demand is about connecting producers and consumers
Increase level and mix of investment
Deepen regional integration
Greater regional integration is key to scale opportunities
Develop new skills and techniques
The transforming food system requires profoundly different set of skills
AT ALL LEVELS of the systems
University of Ghana - BSc Food Science curriculum
Merci
Thank you
http://www.oecd.org/swac

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La sécurité alimentaire : au cœur des enjeux démographiques, migratoires et sécuritaires