Disaster Readiness &
Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Quarter2/Module 8/Week5-6
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction- Senior High
Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Basic Concepts of Disaster & Disaster Risk
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro
Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Genevieve U. Garcia
Reviewers: Dr. Jean S. Macasero
Carmelita B. Jaranilla
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Gil Raffy G. Celocia
Jhon Louie G. Rañises
Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Members Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Dr. Jean S. Macasero, EPS-SCIENCE
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

Disaster Readiness &
Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Module 8
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators
from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to
the Department of Education at cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Senior High School

Table of Contents
What This Module is About ...................................................................................................................I
What I Need to Know..............................................................................................................................I
How to Learn from this Module ...........................................................................................................II
Icons of this Module ...............................................................................................................................II
What I Know........................................................................................................................................... .III
Lesson 1:
Basic Response Procedures and Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan …1
What I Need to Know.............................................................................................1
What I Know: (Multiple Choices) ..........................................................................1
What’s New:...........................................................................................................2
What Is It................................................................................................................2
What’s More:..........................................................................................................3
What I Know: ........................................................................................................5
Lesson 2:
The Key Concepts, Principles, Elements and the Importance of
DRRR………………………………………………………………….…...…6
What I Need to Know.............................................................................................6
What I Know: (Multiple Choices) ..........................................................................6
What’s New:...........................................................................................................7
What Is It................................................................................................................9
What’s More:..........................................................................................................10
What I Know: ........................................................................................................10
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………….
Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………………………..
Key to Answers ....................................................................................................................................
References ............................................................................................................................................

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What This Module is About
Welcome the Disaster Readiness Risk Reduction (DRRR) module!
The Department of Education (DepED) commits to build a resilient society in times of
hazards and disasters. How can this be possible?
Philippines is regularly experience hazards and disasters. Our country is susceptible
to geological and hydro meteorological hazards because of its location on a hazardous spot
on this planet. It is situated within the western rim of the Pacific ring of Fire which is the
world’s hub of volcanic network and tectonic plates and the western pacific typhoon belt
where the worlds destructive typhoons originate. Hence, it is not surprising that Philippines is
one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of disaster risks and natural hazards among
the 173 countries in the world. These hazards are remarkable with the huge destruction
affected in the country’s economy, environment, livelihood and lives. In this situation,
learners are the most affected, and schools are disrupted. (MindaI. Cabilao-Valencia et., al.)
This module provides basic information and knowledge on disaster readiness and
risk reduction which are significant towards a more meaningful discussions and
interactions. This is aimed in introducing the concept of disaster readiness, risk and
reduction to Senior High School learners. Basic concepts and terminologies will be
presented as we go along the module.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School
become a resilient amidst hazards and disasters. Your journey on this module will develop
your critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills.
The following are the lessons contained in this module.
1. Basic Response Procedures and Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan
2. The Key Concepts, Principles, Elements and the Importance of DRR
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Recognize elements of the fire triangle in different situations(Q2/Week4)
2. Analyze the different causes of fires(Q2/Week4)
3. Observe precautionary measures and proper procedures in addressing a fire
incident(Q2/Week4)
4. Apply basic response procedures during a fire incident(Q2/Week5)
5. Follow fire emergency and evacuation plans; (Q2/Week5)
6. Discuss the key concepts, principles, and elements of DRR(Q2/Week6)
7. Recognize the importance of DRR on one’s life(Q2/Week6)
I

How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you
Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
II

What I Know
(Pretest)
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices
Let us begin our activities by determining your prior knowledge of the lessons you are
about to study. Directions: Read each item very well and choose the best answer. Write your
answers on your activity notebook.
1. What factor allows the force of gravity to overcome the resistance of earth material to
landslide?
A) Saturation by water C) steepening of slopes by erosion
B) Loosened stones D) Both A and B
2. Landslides are often associated with ____ ?
A) El Niño C) Periods of Humidity
B) El Niña D) Periods of Intense Rainfall
3. Typhoon “Sendong” was known internationally as ____ ?
A) Typhoon ‘Washi’ C) Typhoon ‘Haiyan’
B) Typhoon ‘Bopha’ D) Typhoon ‘Yolanda’
4. Minimization of risks – is a term which means?
A) Geological Processes C) Creation of TWG
B) Hazard control D) Create a small group
5. It is important to know the following when reading the map.
A) Symbols and Scale C) Direction
B) Distance D) All of the above
6. Geologic hazards includes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and __?
A. Sinkholes C) Rain-induced landslides
B. Wildfires D) Both A and C
7. A geological hazard that is characterized by caving in of the ground is called?
A) Sinkholes C) Mudslides
B) Earthquakes D) Landslides
8. Which item below is not included in preparing for an emergency?
A) Spare Batteries C) Whistle
B) Medicine Kit D) Ball
9. How many typhoons in a year passes through the PAR?
A) 20 C) 30
B) 28 D) 38
10. When you are caught in a landslide, you should?
A) Lay flat on the ground C) rescue someone
B) Move slowly away D) Move out quickly from the debris path
III

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What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Apply basic response procedures during a fire incident, (Q2 – Week 5.1).
2. Follow fire emergency and evacuation plans, (Q2 – Week 5.2).
What I Know
Pre- Test
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. A kind of disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening human life,
homes, and other structures.
A. Fire C. Typhoon
B. Flood D. Pandemic
2. The following must be present to produce fire EXCEPT,
A. Oxygen C. Dust
B. Fuel D. Heat
3. What you should have at home, office or building as safety measures?
A. Smoke alarms and Fire extinguishers C. Fire extinguisher and Fire Exits
B. Smoke alarms and Fire Truck D. Fire Truck and Fire extinguishers
4. Which of the following is not a basic response procedure during fire incident?
A. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
B. Always take part in fire drills
C. Plan more than one way to exit your location
D. Run to the comfort room during fire
5. What is the importance of following the emergency and evacuation plan?
A. To save time, means also saving life
B. To access the shortcut route during emergency
C. To save other family members
D. To have time to get your important belongings
Lesson
1
Basic Response Procedures and
Fire Emergency and Evacuation
Plan

1
What’s New
Fire becomes disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening
human life, homes, and other structures. Crops, forest vegetation, and animals can also be
endangered particularly during dry
Fire is a chemical reaction. It is the rapid oxidation of fuel producing heat and light.
For fire to occur, there must be a presence of heat, fuel, oxygen.
Safety Measures:
What you should have in your home
1. Smoke Alarm
Install smoke alarms in rooms, kitchens and other living areas. It ALERTS you when
the fire is still in a controllable state.
2. Fire Extinguisher
Have an ABC or ABCD type of fire extinguisher in the kitchen and workshop areas.
Know how to use a fire extinguisher.
What is It
Did you know?
Majority of fire incidents occur in family dwellings and mostly caused by electrical short
circuits and connections. In the first quarter of 2013, 23% of fire incidents are of this nature.
LPG explosions due to poorly maintained tanks and hoses also caused 98 fire accidents in
the homes in 2012.
Unattended cooking is among the most frequent caused of fire. It climbed up to 533 fires in
2012 destroying hard earned investments.
Lighted cigarette butts caused 271 fire incidents in the first quarter of 2013.
In 2012, open flames due to unattended torch (gasera) and lighted candles caused 455 fire
accidents destroying several homes all over the country.
Lighted matches and lighters consumed several homes resulting to 124 fire incidents in the
first quarter of 2013
An emergency exit plan is highly recommended for a family dwelling. Be sure that your kids
know and understand the exit route and the meeting place outside your house. An exit drill
is also a fun way of getting your children involved.

2
Activity 1
Direction: Visit your school DRRM coordinator and ask a copy of the emergency and
evacuation plan. If it is already posted in your school have a copy and present in your class.
What’s More
The following are response procedures during a fire incident.
1. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
2. Always take part in fire drills
3. Plan more than one way to exit your location
4. Never leave fire unattended
5. Make sure all fire tools are easy to access
6. If you are advised to evacuate, leave immediately
7. If you are not trained and equipped to fight a fire, don’t risk your life
8. When there is a fire, before opening a door
- Check to see if there is heat or smoke coming through cracks around the door. If
yes, do not open!
- Touch the door and doorknob. If it is hot, do not open!
- If the door is cool, open carefully and follow your escape route
9. Keep close to the ground – there is less smoke there
10. Even if you’re scared, never hide from fire fighters – they will not find you!
11. Regularly check that your fire alarm is working
The School Emergency and Evacuation Plan

12. If your clothes catch fire, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and
roll.
3
Activity 2
Direction: Execute proper fire drill in your school. Ensure to conduct pre-conference before
the drill and assigned responsible persons for each activity during the drill. Document the
process. Your documentation must include the following:
Fire Drill Documentation
Title of Activity
Date
Venue
Overview
Objective/s
Participants
Highlights
Results and analysis
Ways forward
Photo Documentation

4
What I Know
Post Test.
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What you should have at home, office or building as safety measures?
A. Smoke alarms and Fire extinguishers C. Fire extinguisher and Fire Exits
B. Smoke alarms and Fire Truck D. Fire Truck and Fire extinguishers
2. Which of the following is not a basic response procedure during fire incident?
A. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
B. Always take part in fire drills
C. Plan more than one way to exit your location
D. Run to the comfort room during fire
3. A kind of disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening human life,
homes, and other structures.
A. Fire C. Typhoon
B. Flood D. Pandemic
4. What is the importance of following the emergency and evacuation plan?
A. To save time, means also saving life
B. To access the shortcut route during emergency
C. To save other family members
D. To have time to get your important belongings
5. The following must be present to produce fire EXCEPT,
A. Oxygen C. Dust
B. Fuel D. Heat

5
Lesson
2
The Key Concepts, Principles,
Elements and the Importance of
DRR
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the key concepts, principles, and elements of DRR, (Q2 – Week 6.1).
2. Recognize the importance of DRR on one’s life, (Q2 – Week 6.2).
What I Know
Pre- Test
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The following are the concepts of DRR, EXCEPT
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation
2. The key principles of DRR are,
A. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Rehabilitation
B. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, Risk Reduction,
and Disaster Preparedness
C. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Governance
D. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, and Rehabilitation
3. It measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save lives and
protecting properties
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response
4. Its main responsibility is making disaster risk reduction a priority,
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation
5. What is the main aim of DRR?

A. To save lives and protect properties C. To make people prepare for
disasters
B. To provide funds during disaster D. To help people in times of disaster
6
What’s New
DRR means Disaster Risk Reduction. It is about supporting local civil society,
communities, households and individuals to become less vulnerable and strengthen their
capacity to anticipate, resist, cope with and recover from natural hazards. An over-
emphasis on disaster and humanitarian relief has made way for the contemporary terms
such as disaster reduction and disaster risk management.
DRR aims to reduce the effects of hazards and the vulnerabilities of a community to
safeguard the level of development achieved. Specifically, the key concepts of DRR are the
following:
A. GOVERNANCE - making disaster risk reduction a priority (e.g. integrating disaster risk
reduction into development policies, and planning);
Ensures that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority. In support
of Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), countries are urged to develop policies, laws,
and organizational arrangements, plans, programs, projects to integrate risk
reduction and allocate funds and resources to support the program.
B. RISK ASSESSMENT AND TAKING ACTION - improving risk Information and early
warning (e.g. developing effective early warning systems which are appropriately adapted
to the unique circumstances of the people at risk);
Identifies, assesses and monitors disaster risks and enhances early warning
mechanisms. Early warning is to relay to individuals, groups or community the
messages which provide information such as the upcoming natural phenomenon,
existence of danger, preventive measures, and mechanisms to save lives and
property.
C. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT BY BUILDING UNDERTSANDING AND AWARENESS -
building culture of safety and resilience (e.g. including DRR subject matter in formal, non-
formal, and informal education, and training activities);
Uses knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resiliency at all levels. It works on the principle that knowledge is important for
disaster reduction. Strategies includes provision of relevant information on
disaster risks means of protection, strengthening networks and promoting dialogue
and cooperation among disaster experts and stakeholders, conducting capability
training for teachers, community members, parents and children.
D. RISK REDUCTION - reducing the risks in key sectors (e.g. protecting precious
ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, allowing these to act as natural
storm barriers) and;

Reduces the underlying risk factors by building local resilience in order to
protect school communities. These activities include relocating communities away
from hazard-prone areas, building school facilities strong to withstand impacts of
hazards, encouraging reforestation and protection of wetlands, implementation of
RA 8749, RA 9003, PD 1185, PD 856, PD 1096, Brigada Eskwela and etc.
7
E. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - strengthening preparedness for response (e.g.
development and regular testing of contingency plans and regular disaster preparedness
exercises including evacuation drills which are also keys to ensuring rapid and effective
disaster response).
Activity 1
Direction: In your barangay or community, list the different activities you have experience
under the following given DRR framework:
DRR Framework Local Community Activities
A. Governance (list of
organizational structure of your
local DRRM)
B. RISK ASSESSMENT AND
TAKING ACTION
C. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
BY BUILDING UNDERTSANDING
AND AWARENESS
D. RISK REDUCTION
E. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

8
What is It
Guided with the basics of DRR in the previous section, the key principles of disaster
risk management involved the following phases:
Principles Elements
PRE – EVENT
Mitigation - measures taken in advance of a hazard that aimed of reducing its impact on
society and environment
a. Hazard / Risk Identification
Assessment
- develop, update and disseminate hazard maps and
related information to decision makers, general
public and communicate at risks
b. Enforcement of zoning - land-use and building, fire codes
c. Integrating / Mainstreaming
Disaster Risk Management
- incorporate in infrastructure construction, curriculum
development in education, provision of funds
d. Developing Early Warning
Systems
- risk assessment and mapping, put –up early
warning devices, , communication dissemination,
and establishing response capability
Preparedness – measures undertaken to prepare people to react appropriately during
an following such emergencies
a. Planning - make disaster management plans, contingency
plans, establish Incident Command System (ICS),
tap for mutual aid arrangements,
b. Advocacy - dissemination of information through mass media,
conduct DRR for a and symposia, and observance
of disaster consciousness month, etc.
c. Education and Training - deputize coordinators, conduct drills and exercises,
conduct community trainings, tap accredited Civilian
Disaster Volunteers (SCDV)
d. Resources - provide or tap manpower, materials, methods,
machinery and money
POST – EVENT
Response – measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save
lives and protecting properties
a. Early warning - provide timely and rapid dissemination of warnings
to threatened communities or population
b. The “Golden Hour
Principle”
- act according to “the within which most lives could
be saved and injuries could be minimized”
c. Incidence Command
System
- put-up on-scene management of disaster operation
activities
Rehabilitation - measures undertaken to restore affected communities to proper or
normal level of functioning to reduce vulnerability and increased sustainability

a. Short term - restore necessary lifeline systems like power, water
and communication, sewage, transportation and etc.
- provision of food, shelter and clothing
- monitoring law and order
b. Long term - restoring economic activity and development,
rebuilding communities, facilities, and reconstruction
to minimize future hazard impacts
9
What’s More
Activity 2
Direction: Answer the following questions in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Is DRR important? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
2. What are the principles of Disaster Risk Reduction or DRR?
What I Know
Post Test.
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The key principles of DRR are,
A. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Rehabilitation
B. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, Risk Reduction,
and Disaster Preparedness
C. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Governance
D. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, and Rehabilitation
2. The following are the concepts of DRR, EXCEPT
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation
3. What is the main aim of DRR?
A. To save lives and protect properties C. To make people prepare for
disasters
B. To provide funds during disaster D. To help people in times of disaster
4. Its main responsibility is making disaster risk reduction a priority,
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation

5. It measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save lives and
protecting properties
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response
10
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education –Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

1
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Apply basic response procedures during a fire incident, (Q2 – Week 5.1).
2. Follow fire emergency and evacuation plans, (Q2 – Week 5.2).
What I Know
Pre- Test
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. A kind of disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening human life,
homes, and other structures.
A. Fire C. Typhoon
B. Flood D. Pandemic
2. The following must be present to produce fire EXCEPT,
A. Oxygen C. Dust
B. Fuel D. Heat
3. What you should have at home, office or building as safety measures?
A. Smoke alarms and Fire extinguishers C. Fire extinguisher and Fire Exits
B. Smoke alarms and Fire Truck D. Fire Truck and Fire extinguishers
4. Which of the following is not a basic response procedure during fire incident?
A. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
B. Always take part in fire drills
C. Plan more than one way to exit your location
D. Run to the comfort room during fire
5. What is the importance of following the emergency and evacuation plan?
A. To save time, means also saving life
B. To access the shortcut route during emergency
C. To save other family members
D. To have time to get your important belongings
Lesson
1
Basic Response Procedures and Fire
Emergency and Evacuation Plan

2
What’s New
Fire becomes disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening
human life, homes, and other structures. Crops, forest vegetation, and animals can also be
endangered particularly during dry
Fire is a chemical reaction. It is the rapid oxidation of fuel producing heat and light.
For fire to occur, there must be a presence of heat, fuel, oxygen.
Safety Measures:
What you should have in your home
1. Smoke Alarm
Install smoke alarms in rooms, kitchens and other living areas. It ALERTS you when
the fire is still in a controllable state.
2. Fire Extinguisher
Have an ABC or ABCD type of fire extinguisher in the kitchen and workshop areas.
Know how to use a fire extinguisher.
What is It
Did you know?
Majority of fire incidents occur in family dwellings and mostly caused by electrical short
circuits and connections. In the first quarter of 2013, 23% of fire incidents are of this nature.
LPG explosions due to poorly maintained tanks and hoses also caused 98 fire accidents in
the homes in 2012.
Unattended cooking is among the most frequent caused of fire. It climbed up to 533 fires in
2012 destroying hard earned investments.
Lighted cigarette butts caused 271 fire incidents in the first quarter of 2013.
In 2012, open flames due to unattended torch (gasera) and lighted candles caused 455 fire
accidents destroying several homes all over the country.
Lighted matches and lighters consumed several homes resulting to 124 fire incidents in the
first quarter of 2013
An emergency exit plan is highly recommended for a family dwelling. Be sure that your kids
know and understand the exit route and the meeting place outside your house. An exit drill
is also a fun way of getting your children involved.

3
Activity 1
Direction: Visit your school DRRM coordinator and ask a copy of the emergency and
evacuation plan. If it is already posted in your school have a copy and present in your class.
What’s More
The following are response procedures during a fire incident.
1. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
2. Always take part in fire drills
3. Plan more than one way to exit your location
4. Never leave fire unattended
5. Make sure all fire tools are easy to access
6. If you are advised to evacuate, leave immediately
7. If you are not trained and equipped to fight a fire, don’t risk your life
8. When there is a fire, before opening a door
- Check to see if there is heat or smoke coming through cracks around the door. If
yes, do not open!
- Touch the door and doorknob. If it is hot, do not open!
- If the door is cool, open carefully and follow your escape route
9. Keep close to the ground – there is less smoke there
10. Even if you’re scared, never hide from fire fighters – they will not find you!
11. Regularly check that your fire alarm is working
12. If your clothes catch fire, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and
roll.
The School Emergency and Evacuation Plan

4
Activity 2
Direction: Execute proper fire drill in your school. Ensure to conduct pre-conference before
the drill and assigned responsible persons for each activity during the drill. Document the
process. Your documentation must include the following:
Fire Drill Documentation
Title of Activity
Date
Venue
Overview
Objective/s
Participants
Highlights
Results and analysis
Ways forward
Photo Documentation

5
What I Know
Post Test.
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What you should have at home, office or building as safety measures?
A. Smoke alarms and Fire extinguishers C. Fire extinguisher and Fire Exits
B. Smoke alarms and Fire Truck D. Fire Truck and Fire extinguishers
2. Which of the following is not a basic response procedure during fire incident?
A. Make sure everyone in your household knows where and how to evacuate
B. Always take part in fire drills
C. Plan more than one way to exit your location
D. Run to the comfort room during fire
3. A kind of disaster when it goes out of control and spreads fast, threatening human life,
homes, and other structures.
A. Fire C. Typhoon
B. Flood D. Pandemic
4. What is the importance of following the emergency and evacuation plan?
A. To save time, means also saving life
B. To access the shortcut route during emergency
C. To save other family members
D. To have time to get your important belongings
5. The following must be present to produce fire EXCEPT,
A. Oxygen C. Dust
B. Fuel D. Heat

6
Lesson
2
The Key Concepts, Principles,
Elements and the Importance of
DRR
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the key concepts, principles, and elements of DRR, (Q2 – Week 6.1).
2. Recognize the importance of DRR on one’s life, (Q2 – Week 6.2).
What I Know
Pre- Test
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The following are the concepts of DRR, EXCEPT
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation
2. The key principles of DRR are,
A. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Rehabilitation
B. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, Risk Reduction,
and Disaster Preparedness
C. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Governance
D. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, and Rehabilitation
3. It measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save lives and
protecting properties
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response
4. Its main responsibility is making disaster risk reduction a priority,
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation
5. What is the main aim of DRR?
A. To save lives and protect properties C. To make people prepare for
disasters
B. To provide funds during disaster D. To help people in times of disaster

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What’s New
DRR means Disaster Risk Reduction. It is about supporting local civil society,
communities, households and individuals to become less vulnerable and strengthen their
capacity to anticipate, resist, cope with and recover from natural hazards. An over-
emphasis on disaster and humanitarian relief has made way for the contemporary terms
such as disaster reduction and disaster risk management.
DRR aims to reduce the effects of hazards and the vulnerabilities of a community to
safeguard the level of development achieved. Specifically, the key concepts of DRR are the
following:
A. GOVERNANCE - making disaster risk reduction a priority (e.g. integrating disaster risk
reduction into development policies, and planning);
Ensures that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority. In support
of Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), countries are urged to develop policies, laws,
and organizational arrangements, plans, programs, projects to integrate risk
reduction and allocate funds and resources to support the program.
B. RISK ASSESSMENT AND TAKING ACTION - improving risk Information and early
warning (e.g. developing effective early warning systems which are appropriately adapted
to the unique circumstances of the people at risk);
Identifies, assesses and monitors disaster risks and enhances early warning
mechanisms. Early warning is to relay to individuals, groups or community the
messages which provide information such as the upcoming natural phenomenon,
existence of danger, preventive measures, and mechanisms to save lives and
property.
C. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT BY BUILDING UNDERTSANDING AND AWARENESS -
building culture of safety and resilience (e.g. including DRR subject matter in formal, non-
formal, and informal education, and training activities);
Uses knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resiliency at all levels. It works on the principle that knowledge is important for
disaster reduction. Strategies includes provision of relevant information on
disaster risks means of protection, strengthening networks and promoting dialogue
and cooperation among disaster experts and stakeholders, conducting capability
training for teachers, community members, parents and children.
D. RISK REDUCTION - reducing the risks in key sectors (e.g. protecting precious
ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, allowing these to act as natural
storm barriers) and;
Reduces the underlying risk factors by building local resilience in order to
protect school communities. These activities include relocating communities away
from hazard-prone areas, building school facilities strong to withstand impacts of
hazards, encouraging reforestation and protection of wetlands, implementation of
RA 8749, RA 9003, PD 1185, PD 856, PD 1096, Brigada Eskwela and etc.
E. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - strengthening preparedness for response (e.g.
development and regular testing of contingency plans and regular disaster preparedness
exercises including evacuation drills which are also keys to ensuring rapid and effective
disaster response).

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Activity 1
Direction: In your barangay or community, list the different activities you have experience
under the following given DRR framework:
DRR Framework Local Community Activities
A. Governance (list of
organizational structure of your
local DRRM)
B. RISK ASSESSMENT AND
TAKING ACTION
C. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
BY BUILDING UNDERTSANDING
AND AWARENESS
D. RISK REDUCTION
E. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

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What is It
Guided with the basics of DRR in the previous section, the key principles of disaster
risk management involved the following phases:
Principles Elements
PRE – EVENT
Mitigation - measures taken in advance of a hazard that aimed of reducing its impact on
society and environment
a. Hazard / Risk Identification
Assessment
- develop, update and disseminate hazard maps and
related information to decision makers, general
public and communicate at risks
b. Enforcement of zoning - land-use and building, fire codes
c. Integrating / Mainstreaming
Disaster Risk Management
- incorporate in infrastructure construction, curriculum
development in education, provision of funds
d. Developing Early Warning
Systems
- risk assessment and mapping, put –up early
warning devices, , communication dissemination,
and establishing response capability
Preparedness – measures undertaken to prepare people to react appropriately during
an following such emergencies
a. Planning - make disaster management plans, contingency
plans, establish Incident Command System (ICS),
tap for mutual aid arrangements,
b. Advocacy - dissemination of information through mass media,
conduct DRR for a and symposia, and observance
of disaster consciousness month, etc.
c. Education and Training - deputize coordinators, conduct drills and exercises,
conduct community trainings, tap accredited Civilian
Disaster Volunteers (SCDV)
d. Resources - provide or tap manpower, materials, methods,
machinery and money
POST – EVENT
Response – measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save
lives and protecting properties
a. Early warning - provide timely and rapid dissemination of warnings
to threatened communities or population
b. The “Golden Hour
Principle”
- act according to “the within which most lives could
be saved and injuries could be minimized”
c. Incidence Command
System
- put-up on-scene management of disaster operation
activities
Rehabilitation - measures undertaken to restore affected communities to proper or
normal level of functioning to reduce vulnerability and increased sustainability
a. Short term - restore necessary lifeline systems like power, water
and communication, sewage, transportation and etc.
- provision of food, shelter and clothing
- monitoring law and order
b. Long term - restoring economic activity and development,
rebuilding communities, facilities, and reconstruction
to minimize future hazard impacts

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What’s More
Activity 2
Direction: Answer the following questions in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Is DRR important? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
2. What are the principles of Disaster Risk Reduction or DRR?
What I Know
Post Test.
Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The key principles of DRR are,
A. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Rehabilitation
B. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, Risk Reduction,
and Disaster Preparedness
C. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Governance
D. Governance, Risk Assessment, Knowledge Management, and Rehabilitation
2. The following are the concepts of DRR, EXCEPT
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation
3. What is the main aim of DRR?
A. To save lives and protect properties C. To make people prepare for
disasters
B. To provide funds during disaster D. To help people in times of disaster
4. Its main responsibility is making disaster risk reduction a priority,
A. Governance C. Disaster Preparedness
B. Risk Reduction D. Mitigation
5. It measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to save lives and
protecting properties
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education –Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

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