Multipurpose mechanical machine

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE
TSSM’S BSCOER Page 1
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL
MACHINE”
Is partial fulfilment of the Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of Maharashtra State Board
of Technical Education, Mumbai during the academic year 2017-2018
Submitted By
Mr. Ganesh khutwad
Mr. Vaibhav Chopade
Mr. Gaurav Sawant
Mr. Rutvik Dangche
Guided By
Prof. Bhadake Rupali
Lecturer in Mechanical department
MSBTE
Department of Mechanical Engineering
TSSM’S
BHIVARABAI SAWANT COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH,2nd
SHIFT POLYTECHNIC, NARHE, PUNE-411041

ABSTRACT
We presenting project “Multipurpose Mechanical Machine” which finds
application in much modern equipment and system work on the various
operations like grinding, finishing, cutting, drilling etc. As the prices of
drilling, cutting, grinding machine are so high and some are not portable, so
we can try to made the multipurpose mechanical machine which are
portable.
The machine motor not required high power voltage it work on single
phase, and power transmitted efficiently by the help of V-belt pulleys.

1. Introduction
 Multi-purpose Mechanical Machine or MPMM as we call it is a
machine that is made especially for the small scale industries where
labours working are have very little technology .
 MPMM it is a machine that performs their work quickly and
efficiently without the hassle of using different machines for
performing different operations on workpiece. It has Four arms on
which four different operations are performed.
 Multi-operation machine as a research area is motivated by questions
that arise in industrial Manufacturing, production planning, and
computer control. Consider a large automotive garage with
specialized shops.. Industries are basically meant for Production of
useful goods and services at low production cost, machinery cost and
low inventory cost. Today in this world every task have been made
quicker and fast due to technology advancement but this
advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure.
 Every industry desires to make high productivity rate maintaining
the quality and standard of the product at low average cost. In an
industry a considerable portion of investment is being made for
machinery installation. So in this project work is proposed where a
machine is designed cutting, drilling, grinding, polishing& shaping,
some lathe operations at different working centers simultaneously
which implies that industrialist will not have to pay for machine
performing above tasks individually for operating operation
simultaneously. Economics of manufacturing: According to some
economists, manufacturing is a wealth-producing sector of an
economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth consuming.
Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced
manufacturing employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt
in the United States. Manufacturing provides important material
support for national infrastructure and for national defense. Before
starting our work we have undergone through many research papers
which indicates that for a production based industries machine
installation is a tricky task as many factor being associated with it
such as power consumption (electricity bill per machine),
maintenance cost, no of units produced per machine i.e. capacity of
machine, time consumption and may which can perform operations
like drilling, cutting, grinding, polishing & shaping .

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Literature Review
Before starting our work we have undergone through many research papers
which indicates that for a production based industries machine installation is a
tricky task as many factor being associated with it such as power consumption
(electricity bill per machine), maintenance cost, no of units produced per
machine i.e. capacity of machine, time consumption and many more…. Some
research papers which have led us to approach to the idea of a machine which
may give solution
2.2 Existing Technology
The hacksaw was manually used for cutting operation and grinding & polishing
was done on different motors.
The prior technology was using just one mechanism for one operation. Our
upgrades are that we are using just one rotor to operate multiple mechanisms
and tools simultaneously without switching to different machines. Before
upgrading, the drilling mechanism needed different power source. Now with
drilling, scotch yoke mechanism is also used for cutting operated on the same
motor.

3. WORKING ELEMENT
3.1 Working Principle
The arrangement has electrical motors, bevel gears, long shaft, scotch yoke
mechanism, drilling and grinding set up. The power is transmitted to the
long shaft from the electrical motor which is driven by electrical current.
The grinding wheel is attached at the one end of the shaft. The scotch yoke
mechanism is placed at the other end for doing cutting action. For making
drilling action, bevel gears are arranged at the middle position of the shaft.
All the operations are carried out by giving electrical current to the motor.
It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Then the mechanical
energy is transferred to the rotating shaft and split into different
operations.
3.2 Transmission system
The transmission system used in this machine is pulley system
which is driven by V-Belt. A belt and pulley system is characterized by
two or more pulleys in common to a belt. This allows for mechanical
power, torque, and speed to be transmitted across axles. If the pulleys are
of differing diameters, a mechanical advantage is realized. We have used ‘A’
type of pulley with different diameters for different mechanisms for
varying speeds. Three belts are used to transmit power from one shaft to
other by using six pulley
Bevel gear

Bevel Gear Mechanism A bevel gear is shaped like a right circular cone with
most of its tip cut off. When two bevel gears mesh, their imaginary vertices
must occupy the same point. Their shaft axes also intersect at this point,
forming an arbitrary non-straight angle between the shafts. The angle
between the shafts can be anything except zero or 180 degrees. Bevel gears
with equal numbers of teeth and shaft axes at 90 degree
Belt & Pulleys
Belt And Pulley A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more
rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a
source of motion, to transmit power efficiently, or to track relative
movement. Belts are looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the
pulleys, and the shafts need not be parallel. In a two pulley system, the belt
can either drive the pulleys normally in one direction (the same if on
parallel shafts), or the belt may be crossed, so that the direction of the
driven shaft is reversed (the opposite direction to the driver if on parallel
shafts). As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one application where the
belt is adapted to carry a load continuously between two point.

3.3 Types of Mechanisms
SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM
The scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism) is a reciprocating
motion mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational
motion, or vice-versa. The reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding
yoke with slot that engages a pin on the reciprocating part, the location of
the piston versus time is a sine wave of constant amplitude, and constant
frequency given a constant rotational speed.

DRILLING MECHANISM
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of
circular section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting
tool, often multi-point. The bit is pressed against the work-piece and
rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute.
This forces the cutting edge against the work-piece, cutting off chips
(swarf) from the hole as it is drilled.
Drilled holes are characterized by their sharp edge on the entrance side
and the presence of burrs on the exit side (unless they have been removed).
Also, the inside of the hole usually has helical feed marks.[3]
Drilling may affect the mechanical properties of the work piece by creating
low residual stresses around the hole opening and a very thin layer of
highly stressed and disturbed material on the newly formed surface. This
causes the workpiece to become more susceptible to corrosion and crack
propagation at the stressed surface. A finish operation may be done to
avoid these detrimental conditions.

GRINDING MECHANISM
Abrasive particles pressed and bonded together to form a solid, circular
shape, various profiles and cross sections are available depending on the
intended usage for the wheel. Grinding wheels may also be made from a
solid steel or aluminum disc with particles bonded to the surface. Grinding
practice is a large and diverse area of manufacturing and tool making. It can
produce very fine finishes and very accurate dimensions; yet in mass
production contexts it can also rough out large volumes of metal quite
rapidly. It is usually better suited to the machining of very hard materials
than is "regular" machining (that is, cutting larger chips with cutting tools
such as tool bits or milling cutters), and until recent decades it was the only
practical way to machine such materials as hardened steels. Compared to
"regular" machining, it is usually better suited to taking very shallow cuts,
such as reducing a shaft’s diameter by half a thousandth of an inch or
12.7 μm

4. PROJECT PLANNING AND EXECUTION
The project is planned and executed in the following manner.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM
LITERATURE REVIEW AND DETAILS COLLECTION
SELECTION OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
BREAK THE TASK INTO ELEMENTS
DESIGN AND FINAL DRAWINGS OF COMPONENTS
REQUIRED
MANUFACTURING OF CYCLE FRAME, WOOD
SHAFT, WIRE
BRUSH HOLDER, ETC.
ASSEMBLY OF FRAME AND TRANSMISSION
MECHANISM.
TESTING AND MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED

5. METHODOLOGY
In this project we will generally give the power supply to the shaft on
which a bevel gear is mounted on it, and a second bevel gear at a right angle
to it has been mounted on a drill shaft to which a drill bit is being attached.
At one end of the shaft is connected to power supply , other end is being
joined to a circular disc ,through this circular disc scotch yoke mechanism
is being performed (rotator y motion is converted to reciprocating motion)
. Also in between these two ,a helical gear is mounted which transfer its
motion to other helical gear which is mounted on a shaft consist of grinding
wheel.
5.1 Experimental setup
In this conceptual model we have involved the gear arrangement for power
transmission at different working centers , basically gear or cogwheel is a
rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another
toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most cases with teeth on the
one gear being of identical shape, and often also with that shape on the
other gear. Two or more gears working in tandem are called a transmission
and can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear ratio and thus may
be considered a simple machine. Geared devices can change the speed,
torque, and direction of a power source. The most common situation is for
a gear to mesh with another gear; however, a gear can also mesh with a
non-rotating toothed part, called a rack, thereby producing translation
instead of rotation.

6. DESIGN OF COMPONENT
6.1 Design of frame
A frame is often a structural system that supports other components of a
physical construction and/or steel frame that limits the construction's
extent. frame is the basic part of the machine it supports the assembly of
the machine and absorb all the shocks and vibrations during the
operations. In this machine the frame is made by mild steel square bar and
L-channel. The length of square bar and L-channel is 812.8 mm of each side

6.2 Design Of Component
Bearing
A bearing is a machine element which support another moving machine
element (known as journal). It permits a relative motion between the
contact surfaces of the members while carrying the load. Due to relative
motion between the contact surfaces, some power is wasted in overcoming
frictional resistance & if there is direct contact between the rubbing surface
repaid where occur for reduce this same lubrication must be provided such
as vegetable oil, greases, etc.
Function
1. The bearing supports the shaft as the axle & holds it in correct
position with respect to frame or casing.
2. The bearing ensures free rotation of the shaft or axle with minimum
friction.
3. The bearing takes up the forces acting on the haft or the axle &
transmits then to the frame or the casing.

V-BELT
It has trapezoidal cross section. It is used in automobile workshop to
transmit large power through larger distance. A belt is a loop of flexible
material used to link two or more rotating shaft mechanically, most often
parallel. Belts may be used as a source of motion, transmit power
efficiently, or to track relative movement. Belts are looped over pulley &
may have twist between the pulleys, & the shafts need not parallel. In two
pulley system, the belt can either drive the pulleys normally in one
direction (the same if on parallel shafts), or belt may be crossed, so that
direction of shaft is reversed (the opposite direction to the driver if on
parallel shafts). As a source of motion, conveyor belt is one application
where the belt is adapted to carry a load continuously between two points.
V belts (also style V-belts, or less commonly wedge rope) solved the
slippage alignment problem. It is now the basic belt for power
transmission. They provide the best combination of traction, speed of
movement, load of the bearings & long service life. They are generally
endless & their general cross section shape is trapezoidal (hence the name
“V”). The “V” shape belt tracks in a mating groove in the pulley with the
result that the belt cannot slip off. The belt also tends to wedge into the
groove as the load increases- the greater the load, the greater the wedging
action improving torque transmission & making the V-belt an effective
solution, needing less width & tension than flat belts. V-belts trump flat
belts with their small center distances & high reduction ratios. The

preferred center distance is larger than largest pulley diameter, but less
than 3 times the sum of both pulleys. Optimal speed range is 1,000-7,000 ft.
/min (300-2.130m/min). V-belts need larger pulleys for their thicker cross-
section than flat belts.
For high-power requirements, two or more V-belts can be joined side-by-
side in an arrangement called a multi-V, running on a matching multi-
groove sheaves. This is known as a multiple V-belt drive (or sometimes a
“Classic V-belt drive”).
V-belts may be homogenous rubber or polymer throughout, or there may
be fiber embedded in the rubber or polymer for strength reinforcement.
The fibers may be of textile materials such as cotton or polyester for
greatest strength of steel.

PULLEY
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support
movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt along its
circumference. Pulleys are used in variety of ways to lift loads, apply forces
& to transmit power. In nautical contexts, the assembly of wheel, axle, &
supporting shell is referred as a “block.”
A pulley is also called sheave or drum & may have a groove between two
flanges around its circumference. The drive element of a pulley system can
be a rope, cable, or chain that runs over the pulley inside the groove.
Hero of Alexandria identified the pulley as one of six simple machines used
to lift weights. Pulleys are made to form a block and tackle in order to
provide mechanical advantages to apply large forces. Pulleys are also
assembled as part of belt & chain drive in order to transmit power from one
rotating shaft to another.
PULLEYS
Sr. No. Diameter(inches)
1 2
2 4
3 8
4 14

SHAFT
A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section,
which is used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a
machine which produces power to a machine which absorbs power. The
various members such as pulley & gear are mounted on it. The material
used for ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is required, an
alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium, or chromium vanadium steel is
used.
Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling & finished to size by cold
drawing or turning and grinding.
SHAFT
Shaft Diameter(mm) Length(inches) Material
1 30 35 Mild Steel
2 30 20 Mild Steel
3 30 16 Mild Steel

HACKSAW
A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting
metal. They can also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood;
for e.g. plumbers and electricians often cut plastic pipes with them. There
are hand saw versions & powered versions. Most hacksaw are handsaws
with a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such hacksaws
have a handle, usually a piston grip, with pins for attaching a narrow
disposable blade. The frames also be adjustable to accommodate blades of
different sizes. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade
under tension. Panel hacksaws forgo the frame & instead have a sheet
metal bode; they can cut into a sheet metal panel further than the frame
would allow. These saws are no longer commonly available, but hacksaw
blade holders enable standard hacksaw blades to be used similar to a
keyhole. Power tools including nibblers, jigsaws, & angle grinders with
metal-cutting blades and discs are now used for longer cuts in sheet metals.
On hacksaws, with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the
teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in a cutting action
on either push or pull stroke. In normal use, cutting vertically downwards
with work held in a bench vice, hacksaw blades should be set to be facing
forwards. Some frame saws including Fret saws & piercing saws, have their
blades facing towards the handle because they are used to cut by being
pulled down against a horizontal surface.

BLADES
Blades are available in standardized lengths, 10 or12 inches (254 or
305mm) for a standard hand hacksaw. “Junior” hacksaws are 6 inches
(152mm) long. Power hacksaws may use large blades in a range of sizes, or
small machine may use the same hand blades. The pitch of the teeth can be
anywhere from 14 or 32 teeth per inch tpi) for a handle blade, with as few
as 3 tpi for large power with minimum of three teeth in the material. As
hacksaw teeth are so small, they are set in a wave set. As for other saws
they are set as side to side to provide a kerf or clearance when sawing, but
the set of the hacksaw changes gradually from tooth to tooth in a smooth
curve, rather than alternate teeth set left or right.
Hacksaw blades are normally quite brittle, so care need to be taken to
prevent brittle fracture of the blade. Early blades were of carbon steel, now
termed “low alloy” blades, & were relatively soft and flexible. They avoid
breakage, but also wore out alloy’ blades are still the only type available for
junior hacksaw, which limits the usefulness of this otherwise popular saw.
Hacksaw blade specification: The most common blade is 12 inch or
300mm in length. Hacksaw blades have 2 holes near the ends for mounting
them in the saw frame & the 12 inch/ 300mm dimension refers to the
center to center distance between these mounting holes.

NUT & BOLT
A nut is a type of fastener with threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used
opposite a mating bolt to fasten a stack of parts together. The 2 partners
are kept together by combination of their threads friction, a slight stretch of
the bolt & compression of parts. In the applications where vibration or
rotation may work o nut loose, various locking mechanisms may be
employed: Adhesives, safety pin or lock wire, nylon inserts or slightly over-
shaped threads. The most common shape is hexagonal, for similar reasons
as the bolt head 6 sides give good granularity of angles for an approach
from, but more corners would be vulnerable to being rounded off. It takes
only 1/6th of a rotation to obtain the next side of the hexagon & grip is
optimum. However polygons with more than 6 sides do not give requisite
grip polygons with less than 6 sides take more time to complete one
rotation. Other specialized shapes exist for specified needs, such as wing
nuts for finger adjustment and captive nuts for inaccessible areas. Nuts are
graded with strength ratings compatible to their respective bolts; for
example, an ISO property class 10 nut will be able to support
BOLTS
Bolt Size Quantity
M6 40 6
M12 100 16
M8 25 6
M8 40 2

6.3 Speed calculations
1. Cutting speed
Diameter of pulley A: 50.8mm
Diameter of pulley B: 101.6mm
Diameter of pulley C: 203.2mm
Diameter of pulley D: 355.6mm
Ns = 50.8/101.6*1400 =700 rpm
2. Belt Length
π×(pulley 1 diameter + pulley 2 diameter) ×0.5+(2×center
distance)+[ (pulley 2 diameter-pulley 1 diameter)2 /(4×center
distance) ]
Belt 1
π×(101.6+203.2)×0.5+(2×570)+[ (203.2-101.6)2 /(4×570) ]
=1623.30mm
Belt 2
π×(101.6 + 355.6) ×0.5+(2×600)+[ (355.6-101.6)2 /(4×660) ]
=2062.6059mm
Belt 3
π×(50.8 + 101.6) ×0.5+(2×310)+[ (50.8-101.6)2 /(4×310) ]
=861.47mm
3. Drilling speed
Speed of the pinion = 700rpm
No. of teeth on pinion= 18
No. of teeth on gear = 24
We have found out speed of gear
We know that,
Drilling speed= (no. of teeth on pinion / no. of teeth on gear)x(speed
of pinion)
= (18/24) x700
= 525rpm

7. MANUFACTURING AND FABRICATION OF FRAME
7.1 Manufacturing of Frame

7.2 Process Sheet
Name of part :- Frame
Quantity :-01
Material : M.S Square & Channel
Sr. No
Machine/ Tool
used
Operation
Time(Min)
1 Cut-Off-Saw Cutting 60
2 Center punch &
Hammer
Punching &
Shear Cutting
30
3 Welding Welding of Tubes
& L Channels
120
4 Grinding
Machine
Finishing 60

8. COST ESTIMATION
Cost incurred during the project work is the sum of the various cost the
expenditure on the manufactured items is calculated as sum of material
cost and cost of processing .
Mfg. cost=Cost of Material + Cost of Processing
Cost of Material=Rate of Material in Rs/Kg × Material Kg
Processing Cost=Rate of Processing × Processing Time
(InRs/mm) (In min)
Sr no. Particulars Total Quantity CostsRs/unit Total Cost
1 Motor-2400 RPM 1 3500 3500
2 Bearing ucp206 8 250 2000
3 Hack saw frame 1 150 150
4 Bevel gear(10×21)&(10×28) 2 300+600 900
5 Circular plate (150 mm dia) 1 150 150
6 Drill mechanism 1 1000 1000
7 L -Channel 10 kg 60 600
8 Square bar 5kg 60 300
9 Pulley (2 inch dia) 1 180 180
12 Pulley (14 inch dia) 1 600 600
13 Drill tool 1 40 40
14 Hacksaw tool 1 40 40
15 Belt 3 100+125+200 425
16 Manufacturing cost 1000 1000
17 Paint 2 75 150
18 Shaft(30mm dia) 10kg 60 600
19 Transportation & Misc Expenses 1 100 100
Total 12515 Rs

9. ANDVANTAGE & APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
1.Multi operations are performed at one time.
2.Our machine is used in return stroke mechanism also.
3.All operations are performed in single motor.
4.Size is compact therefore it requires less space.
5.Time saving.
6.Less man power is required.
7.Low manufacturing and maintenance cost.
APPLICATIONS
1.Multipurpose machine used in mini workshop.
2.This used for cut wooden material.
3.Machine is used for drill the metal or wooden.
4.This machine is used to grinding the material.

10. RESULT
This work entitled “Multi-purpose woodworking Machine” can perform
cutting, grinding, polishing and drilling operation. Noise and vibration will
be reduced.
10.1 Properties & measurement of material
The material selected must possess the necessary properties for the
proposed application.
The various requirements to be satisfied that Can be weight, surface finish,
rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from chemical, service,
reliability etc. The blowing four types of principle properties of materials
decisively affect their selection
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view
d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point. thermal
Conductivity.
Specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion specific gravity. electrical
conductivity.
Magnetic purposes etc. The various Mechanical properties Concerned are
strength in tensile. Compressive shear, bending, torsion and buckling load,
fatigue resistance, impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and
modulus of elasticity, hardness wearresistance and siding properties.
The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view
are,
a. Cast ability
b. Weldability
c. Forge ability
d. Surface properties
e. Shrinkage
Deep drawing etc.

MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE

11. CONCLUSION
After completing the major project “ MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL
MACHINE “ we are much happy and would like to thank our professor,
guides and the lectures of the concerned department who have guided us.
While making this project we have been able to learn a lot and understand
the various aspects of “ MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE “ we can
use our knowledge, which we get during our knowledge, which we get
during our study. We have presented the development of multipurpose
machine in various modes by which it can be actively adopted. We have
explained the various parts and components of multipurpose machine
using scotch yoke mechanism. Different types of attachments and tools
which can be implemented on multi-purpose machine have been discussed.

12. FUTURE SCOPE
We can perform various operations like cutting, drilling, shaping or
grinding individually by introducing coupling (engagement &
disengagement) between them. We can perform grinding operation by
introducing a grinding tool at the main shaft.
We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by replacing
drilling tool. We can change the speed of motor by regulator
12.1 Small scale workshop
The multipurpose mechanical machine is machine which carries various
operations like drilling, grinding, polishing & cutting This machine can
reduce time & labor efforts. So it cannot be used in large scale industry but
is applicable in small scale industry. The work produced is in less amount
as compared large scale industry.

13. REFERENCE
Workshop technology
Theory of machine (R.S.Khurmi)
Machine Design
Production Technology.
Websites
www.en.wikipedia.org
www.technologystudent.com
www.ask.reference.com
www.google.com

Multipurpose mechanical machine

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