The document discusses the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2000 and other genome projects for other species such as chicken, cow, pig, and more. It provides background on what a genome is, which is the complete sequence of all the known genes of an organism including their structure and function. It also discusses genetic mapping and how researchers determine the order and arrangement of genes on chromosomes through analyzing recombination frequencies during meiosis.

5. One kind of map of Penn State

6. Here’s a better view

7. Now I know this will be helpful

8. Perhaps we need a different kind of map?

9. How about this?

10. Or, this?

11. Or, even this?

25. Consequences of crossing over (1) Chiasma A B A B A B a b a b a b

26. Linkage between a mutant gene and a marker Meiosis Mutant gene DNA marker Wild-type gene Variant DNA marker

27. Consequences of crossing over (2a)

28. Consequences of crossing over (2b)

29. Chiasma frequency and distance between loci

35. And the answer is: B A C Since B-C is the largest RF, genes B and C must be the furthest apart; while A is in between. 39.00% 19.25% 30.25%

37. The Human Map 1 263 Mb 17 92 Mb 21 50 Mb X 164 Mb