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- 3. Imaging Technology Diagnostic radiology X-ray Introduction CT Radiography 1895 Ultrasound Radionuclide imaging MRI 1950’ 1972 1973 1977 1950’ DSA
- 4. X-RAY 的发现 人类第一张 X 线照片 发现 X 线时的伦琴 Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 The discovery of X-rays Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen The 1st X-ray film of human
- 5. 总论 ---- 学科构成 ( 时间发展 ) Diagnostic radiology Radiography Ultrasound Radionuclide imaging Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Digital Subtraction Angiography Radiology Introduction The development of radiology 计算机体层成像 X 线成像 1895 年 超声诊断 核素扫描 磁共振成像 1950’ 1972 年 1973 年 1977 年 1950’ 数字减影血管造影 Diagnostic imaging/ Medical Imaginology
- 6. The modality of radiology Introduction Radiology diagnosis Radiography CT Radionuclide imaging Interventional radiology MRI Ultrasound X-ray X-ray nucleus X-ray Radionuclide echo treatment
- 7. CT MRI Ultrasound ECT 医学影像学科构成 DSA 普通 X 线 CT MRI ECT Technology of Radiology DSA Radiography
- 9. 胸腹部重建 MSCT
- 10. SUN YAT SEN Memorial Hospital / Guangzhou, China Inspace 4D 心脏运动情况 SOMATOM Sensation 64 with z-sharp 10 sec for 30mm 64 x 0.6mm Resolution < 0.4 mm Rotation 0.33 sec 120 kV 770 effective mAs
- 11. MRI Meningoma
- 12. MRI 前颅窝底嗅沟嗅母细胞瘤 MRI tumor in anterior cranial fossa
- 13. MRI 3D 重建－模拟手术 －－前颅窝底嗅沟嗅母细胞瘤 Surgical simulation
- 15. 影像导航外科手术 MRI/Glioblastoma Image-guided Surgery
- 16. PACS P icture A chieve & C ommunication S ystem storage storage
- 17. PACS diagnosis Patient ward teaching administraton scaning
- 18. Image Distribution Scenarios PACS All examinations from 8 pm to 6 am to Dr. Smith’s home (on call) All CT examinations always to reading room 1 All chest examinations from Dr. Miller to his office from 9 am to 3 pm
- 20. The basic principles of X-ray The application of Radiology The Pearl of This Morning
- 23. X 线球管 X-ray tube 热 阴极 阳极 电子群 X-ray 0.2% Cathode - Anode + heat electrons The capability of penetration related to tube voltage Higher voltage, shorter wavelength, stronger penetrating ability
- 24. B 、 The nature of X-ray Fluoroscopy Radiotherapy radiation injury Filming Penetrating effect Fluorescent effect Photosensitive effect Ionization effect Imaging&Therapy
- 27. 三、 X 线成像基本原理 detector 组织间 密度差异 荧光屏 screen 片盒、胶片 film 检测器 detector difference penetration C 、 the principles of radiography 穿透性
- 29. 三、 X 线成像基本原理 ---- 密度的概念 与组织的 密度 有关 与组织的 厚度 有关 厚度 thickness 密度 density X-ray Tissue density Tissue thickness Barium sulfate iodide water air C 、 the principles of radiography characteristics 硫酸钡 碘酊 水 空气
- 30. 三、 X 线成像原理 ---- 密度的概念 收音机 钢笔 钳子 X -ray C 、 the principles of radiography characteristics
- 31. 三、 X 线成像基本原理 ---- 影像密度 密度的概念 自然对比 C 、 the principles of radiography Natural contrast
- 32. X 线成像基本原理 ---- 影像密度 自然对比 Chest plain film ： best X-ray contrast 密度的概念 C 、 the principles of radiography Natural contrast tissue Density / thickness X-ray rib calcium high lung air low fat loose Medium-L muscle dense Medium heart thick Medium-H m. pectoral major thin Medium
- 33. 正常腹部平片 膀胱结石 肾结石 密度的概念 影像密度 自然对比 Normal KUB urinary bladder calculus renal calculus Abdomen plain film Natural contrast of radiography
- 34. 密度的概念 影像密度 自然对比 左输尿管结石 ureteral calculus 左肾结石 Renal calculus 节育环 Natural contrast of radiography
- 38. 造影剂种类 － 高密度 碘水溶液 contrast media – high density Barium sulfate Iodide
- 49. 三、 X 线成像基本原理 荧光屏 screen 片盒、胶片 film 检测器 detector C 、 the principles of radiography
- 50. --- X-ray detector diff. modality with diff. detector C 、 the principles of radiography X-ray detector analog digital screen film Image Intensifier Digital detector fluoroscopy fluorography Plain film tomography recorder CT DSA DR / CR / DSI
- 51. 数字影像 透视 - 今天 Electron Image Intensifier (I.I.) TV PickupTube ( 摄像管或 CCD) X-Ray Light Tube 乳腺片 & 普通拍片 - 今天 Phosphor Film Light X-Ray 模拟影像 Tube X-Ray X-Ray 模拟影像 Digital Medical Image Mammo & plain film - today Fluoroscopy - today All medical image – digital detector – today & tomorrow Analog image Analog image Digital image Detector ( 数字平板 ,Flat panel) Tube X-Ray X-Ray 所有的应用 － 数字式探测器 － 今天 & 明天 数字影像
- 54. X 线普通检查 ---- 透视、平片 The routine X-ray exam – fluoroscopy , plain film
- 55. X 线透视－荧光屏 Fluoroscopy - screen
- 56. X 线普通检查 -- 透视、平片 plain film
- 57. Fluoroscopy vs. plain film
- 59. 操作简单方便 , 病人流通快 DR 2
- 60. DR 3
- 61. 数字影像 Digital radiography
- 62. 数字影像 Digital radiography
- 63. 数字影像 Digital radiography
- 64. 动态范围调节 -- 想看什么 , 就看什么 ! Dynamic manipulation 数字影像 Digital radiography Dynamic Range Management Can Mimic Look of Film... … or many different looks such as a soft-tissue look … or a Bone Look Image Brightness X-ray Detected Spine, Diaphragm Lung, Skin Line Soft Tissue Spine, Diaphragm Lung, Skin Line Soft Tissue Dense Breast Skin Line Typical Breast Mass Spine, Diaphragm Lung, Skin Line Soft Tissue Dense Breast Skin Line Typical Breast Mass Spine, Diaphragm Lung, Skin Line Soft Tissue
- 65. 数字影像 ---- 强大的后处理功能 边缘增强 Edge enhancement 局部放大 Regional magnify 图像反转 Imaging conversion 放大 & 漫游 Magnification & Digital radiography -- Powerful post-processing
- 66. 舟骨骨折 Digital radiography magnification
- 67. 卧位 立位 Dynamic window judgment
- 68. X 线特殊检查 ---- 体层摄影 － X 线球管与胶片同步反向运动 special radiography - tomography
- 69. X 线特殊检查 ---- 体层摄影 special radiography - tomography
- 70. X 线特殊检查 ---- 软线摄影（钼靶） special radiography - mammography
- 71. X 线特殊检查 ---- 软线摄影（钼靶） special radiography - mammography
- 72. X 线特殊造影 ---- 胃肠道气钡双对比造影 special exam – GI tract double contrast
- 73. X 线特殊造影 ---- 排泄性造影： IVP special radiography - IVP
- 74. X 线特殊造影 ---- 血管造影（介入放射学） special radiography - angiography Interventional Radiology
- 75. X 线特殊检查 ---- 体层摄影（ CT ） 计算机体层扫描（ Computed tomography, 简称 CT ）是由英国科学家 Hounsfield 于 1969 年首先设计成功，于 1972 年在英国放射学会学术会议上宣布，并于 1979 年获得了诺贝尔医学生物学奖。 special radiography -- CT CT was invented in 1972 by British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield of EMI Lab. In England, and was awarded the Nobel Price in 1979
- 77. CT 成像基本原理 The basic principles of CT 体素与像素 voxel & pixel Voxel -> pixel (displayed as gray-scaled cuboids), is arrayed as digital matrix
- 79. CT 成像基本原理 － 像素的大小与图像清晰度 128×128 256×256 The basic principle of CT － the pixel size & imaging quality
- 80. CT 设备 ---- 普通 CT 的发展 The CT development 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
- 81. X 线特殊检查 ---- 体层摄影（ CT ） X-ray special exam --- CT CT 的成象过程是用 X 线束围绕人体某一选定部位作 360 度的匀速旋转扫描，穿过人体的 X 线经检测器接收，转变为数字信号经计算机存储、运算并重建为 断层 图象。 The X-ray beam go through the object in 360 º, detector placed on the opposite direction to detect the surplus X-ray Cross section imaging
- 85. CT 设备 ---- 螺旋 CT Spiral CT Conventional CT spiral CT
- 86. CT 设备 ---- 螺旋 CT 单层 Single slice 单层螺旋 single spiral 多层螺旋 multi-slice spiral
- 87. 多层螺旋 CT— 多排探测器 1998 年研制成功 多排探测器 2 、 4 、 8 、 16 、 32 、 64 …… 320 平板探测器 ·
- 90. X 线特殊检查 ---- 体层摄影（ CT ）
- 91. 64 MDCT/MSCT
- 92. 64 层螺旋 CT 在我院目前的应用情况 头颅五官
- 93. X 线特殊检查 ---- 体层摄影（ CT ）
- 94. CT:linda 右下肺前基底段 亚段肺梗塞 胸部 chest Right lobe infarction
- 95. 右下肺前基底段 亚段肺梗塞 胸部 chest Right lobe infarction
- 96. 正常冠脉 VRT 重建 胸部 chest Normal coronary artery CT reconstruction
- 97. 正常冠脉 VRT 重建 胸部 chest Normal coronary artery CT reconstruction
- 98. 心脏冠脉 MIP Normal coronary artery CT reconstruction
- 99. 腹部 abdomen － colon
- 100. 下腹部 pelvis
- 101. 骨骼 spine
- 102. 骨骼
- 103. 评价投照条件 分析病变 五、影像学诊断步骤 肯定性诊断 否定性诊断 可能性诊断 结合临床资料综合分析 核对病人的姓名、年龄、号码、日期 Image quality Image analysis Image diagnosis The procedure of radiology diagnosis Check patient’s Name , gender , age Exam time
- 105. 影像学诊断原则 diagnosis steps 明辨正常 normal 分析异常 abnormal 结合临床 clinical 综合诊断 diagnosis
- 106. 影像学诊断步骤 ---- 明辨正常 normal
- 107. 影像学诊断步骤 ---- 分析病变 abnormal 病变部位分布 position 大小、数目 size & number 形态 appearance 边缘 margin 密度 X-ray density 邻近器官、组织变化 器官功能改变 func. 动态变化 dynemic
- 108. 影像学诊断步骤 ---- 结合临床， 综合诊断 发热，寒战，胸痛伴咳嗽咳痰，痰液放置后有分层改变 Clinical information Fever, cough with rusty & yellowish sputum 急性肺脓肿 acute lung abscess
- 110. MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of SYSU Biling Liang MD
- 111. MRI – uses magnetic field and radio frequency waves to detect Hydrogen atoms, can detect body chemical composition and tissue structure, it is computer generated imaging.
- 112. The history of MRI 1946 discovered the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon Bloch,Purcell 1972 created the MR image Lauterbur 1980 MRI equipment marketing 1986 1st set MRI installed in China
- 113. Basic principle Magnetic Resonance Imaging MR imaging （ MRI ） MR MR Exam phenomenon MR spectroscopy （ MRS ）
- 114. The MR image is the H + atom image
- 115. Nuclear & Resonance behavior
- 117. Relaxation Decay Excitation N S
- 118. MR imaging processing Coil RF Shutdown RF Positioning The patient Coil receiver Computer MR diagnosis
- 122. T 2 WI T 1 WI
- 123. Fat suppression Water suppression
- 124. normal MRCP chronic pancreatitis MRI water imaging technique
- 125. The tissue T 1 、 T 2 value tissue T 1 T 2 muscle 600 40 liver 270 50 spleen 480 80 fat 180 90 white matter 350 90 gray matter 520 100 blood 800 180 CSF 2000 300 water 2500 2500
- 127. MRI flow void effect
- 128. MRA
- 130. Thank you for attension