This document discusses employee health and safety. It covers the benefits of a safe and healthy workforce, including higher productivity and quality. It also discusses the consequences of an unsafe work environment, such as injuries, diseases and economic costs. The document provides an overview of occupational safety and health, accident and disease prevention strategies, and the duties and responsibilities of both employers and employees in maintaining a safe work environment.

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2. Foundational Objectives
•Develop the commitment and
abilities necessary to contribute to
the well-being of self and others,
have legal responsibilities to
ensure a safe, healthy workplace,
natural world and participate in
social action.
12–2

3. Strategic Importance of Workplace Safety
and Health
• Benefits of a Safe and Healthy Workforce:
Higher productivity
Increased efficiency and quality
Reduced medical and insurance costs
Lower workers’ compensation rates and
payments
Improved reputation as an employer of choice
12–3

4. Consequences of an Unsafe and Unhealthy
Work Environment
• Injury and
Disease
Back injuries are
most prevalent
Exposure to
Chemicals
Undetected effects,
possible long-term
risk
• Mental Health
Psychological
symptoms
can affect
productivity
and life away from
work
• Deaths and Violence
• Economic Costs
12–4

5. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
• What does safety and health in the
workplace mean?
• Occupational safety refers to practices
related to production and work process.
• Health means a sound state of the body and
mind of the workers that enables the worker
or employee to perform the job normally.
12–5

6. Individual Qualities: The Unsafe Employee
•Characteristics that make
people more susceptible
to accidents:
Emotionally “low”
Stressed
12–6

7. Violent Employees
• Homicide is leading
cause of workplace
deaths after highway
accidents
• Signs of potential
violence:
 Verbal threats
 Physical Actions
 Intimidation
 Show weapons
 Try to gain access
 Frustration
 mania
12–7

8. Occupational Diseases
• Disease-Causing Hazards:
Arsenic, asbestos, benzene, bichloromethylether
Coal dust, coke-oven emissions, cotton dust
Lead, radiation, vinyl chloride
• Workers most likely to be exposed:
Chemical and oil refinery workers, miners, textile
workers
Steelworkers, lead smelters
Medical technicians, painters, shoemakers,
plastics industry workers
12–8

9. Diseases Linked to Workplace Hazards
• Cancer
Liver, lung, brain, kidney
• Lung Disease
White, brown, and black lung
• Leukemia
• Bronchitis, emphysema
• Lymphoma, aplastic anemia
• Central nervous system damage
• Reproductive Disorders
• Skin Diseases
12–9

10. Accident Prevention
• Design a safe work environment
Guards, handrails
Safety goggles, helmets
Warning lights
Self-correcting mechanisms
Automatic shutoffs
• Ergonomics
Change job environment to match
capabilities limitations of employees
12–10

11. Accident Prevention (cont’d)
• Health and Safety Committees
At the department level, do implementation and
administration
At the organization level, formulate policies
• Behavior Modification
Small percentage of workforce responsible for
majority of health insurance claims
Measure, communicate, monitor, and reinforce
desired behavior
• Assessing Intervention Effectiveness
12–11

12. Disease Prevention
•Reducing the Incidence of
Diseases
Record keeping
Monitoring exposure
Genetic screening
12–12

13. Creating a Safe Work Environment
12–13
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14. Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)
• Promoting Safety Awareness
The Key Role of the Supervisor
Communicating the need to work safely.
Proactive Safety Training Program
 First aid, defensive driving, accident prevention
techniques, hazardous materials, and emergency
procedures.
Information Technology and Safety Awareness
and Training
12–14

15. Creating a Safe Work Environment (cont’d)
• Typical Safety Rules
Using proper safety devices
Using proper work procedures
Following good housekeeping practices
Complying with accident- and injury-reporting
procedures
Wearing required safety clothing and equipment
Avoiding carelessness and horseplay
12–15

16. Creating a Healthy Work Environment
• Recognizing and Controlling Health Hazards
Related to Hazardous Materials and
Processes
Use substitutes for hazardous materials.
Alter hazardous processes and engineering
controls.
Enclose or isolate hazardous processes.
Issue clothing to protect against hazards.
Improve ventilation.
12–16

17. Workplace Violence
•Reducing Violence in the
Workplace
Commitment to prevent violence
Identify areas of potential violence
Develop violence prevention policies
Provide violence prevention training
Evaluate program effectiveness
12–17

18. Building Better Health
12–18
Alternative
Approaches Wellness Programs
Health Services Focus on Nutrition

19. Employee Health Enforcement
• Cleanliness ( sewerage and sanitation)
• Air ventilation and temperature (maximum 25 – 30 degree
Celsius)
Cross ventilation, required no of fans and exhaust fans
Thermometer kept in visible place
• Dust Sucker, Mask
• Lighting
• Safe drinking water
Minimum 4 ltr per day
Min 6 mtr away from toilets
Water cooler ( 250 employees and more)
3 ltr saline water if needed
Toilets
one / 25 (female) up to first 500
one / 40 (male) up to first 500
12–19

20. Observe Employee Safety
• Safety of building equipment and other
infrastructure
• Fire fighting and safety ( emergency door,
2 per room, emergency staircase)
• Fire fighting equipment
• Safety against electrical wearing and
connections
• Crane and lift etc
• Turbine
12–20

21. Duties and Responsibilities
• DUTIES OF THE EMPLOYERS
• Adopt administrative policies on safety in accordance
with the provisions of the Standards;
• Act on recommended safety measures;
• Provide access to appropriate authorities.
• DUTIES OF THE EMPLOYEES
• Follow safety policies;
• Report unsafe conditions and practices to the Supervisor;
• Serve as member of the Health and Safety Committee;
• Cooperate with Health and Safety Committee;
• Assist government agencies in the conduct of safety and health
inspection.
12–21

22. What are your rights?
•Your rights as an employee to
work in a safe and healthy
environment are given to you
by law and generally can't be
changed or removed by your
employer.
12–22

23. What are your responsibilities?
•Your most important
responsibilities
•as an employee is:
•to take reasonable
•care of your own
•health and safety.
12–23