An inaugural talk to the International Institute of Business Analysts (SA). Discusses relationship between BA and EA and how important the BA role is in this context.

1. The Central Role of Business Analysis in
Enterprise Architecture
presentation to the
IIBA Western Cape Chapter
Nov 2007
by Graham McLeod
inspired!
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2. Coverage
Background (myself and Inspired)
Enterprise Architecture
Components of EA
Business Architecture
Business Process Architecture
Business Process Engineering
Requirements Definition
Impact into other EA dimensions
Information
Applications
Technology
Scoping Initiatives
Examples and Case Studies
Discussion
References and Further Info
inspired!
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3. What is an Enterprise Architecture?
1. A map of the forest Context
What have we got?
How good is it? Business
Redundancies
Gaps Process
Risks
Applications
2. Blue Print
High Level Conceptual
Information
Design
Covers whole business/ Tech-
enterprise nology
A current "best plan"
Guides acquisition and
implementation choices
3. Policies, Procedures and
Processes
Whereby Strategy and Vision
are transformed into Designs
and Initiatives to realise them
inspired!
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4. Why We Need Enterprise Architecture
Improve business benefit derived from I.T.
Reduce costs associated with I.T.
Reduce risk
Enable desirable business changes, pursuit
of opportunities
Shorten lead times to realizing benefits
Exploit emerging technologies which can
provide strategic advantage
Provide framework for decision making and
practice within development, technology
purchase and operations
Basis for good governance
If your company is listing and needs to be
SOX compliant
If you want budget in the US Federal Govt.
inspired!
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5. EA Frameworks and Methods
Zachman
FEAF
IAF
DODAF/C4ISR
TOGAF
Inspired
Related:
COBIT
ITIL
inspired!
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6. The Inspired Frameworks
Models, Methods, Tool Support
Business Architecture
Markets Products Services Channels Suppliers Deals
Resources Technology Processes Culture Competitors
Process Mgmt.
Applications Information
Drivers
Types/Classes Inventory Types/Classes Inventory
Technical Architecture
User Access Application Enablers Data Storage and Management
User Interfaces Connectivity Platforms Services
inspired!
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7. Business Architecture
Competitors
Services and Products are
delivered to customers in
markets via channels
Customers Channels
Markets
Culture
Opportunities
Risks Products
President
Partners participate in Services VP VP VP
Resources
the business process
Minion Minion Minion Minion Minion
Organization
CONTROL Resources and Technology are Other
used in the business process to Stakeholders
produce the products and services
SERVICE Include shareholders,
Partners community etc.
Business Provide and expect
Suppliers contribute inputs SUPPORT Deals Model a variety of things
to the products and services Contract
Business
Processes Technology
inspired!
Suppliers
Copyright Inspired 1991-2007 IT Consulting Training Research Tools

8. Business Process Architecture
Organization
Deals
Business Rules Location
occurs at
govern Risk
initiates Partners
Business responsibile
Event for
Business Process involves
Decision Decision Decision Decision
Stakeholder
triggers Step Step Step Step Step
supports
received
by monitored Business
by
uses/ Goal
includes changes
state of
uses/
Decision Decision Decision Decision
Supported generates
Step Step Step Step Step
by
SubProcess Business Key
Object Indicators
Business
Communication
used produces
by
Application
provides
Resource
Product/Service
inspired!
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9. Process Architecture Example
Business Organizations Locations Bussiness Goals
Stakeholders Rules
Low Cost per Sale
Sales Increased Sale
Customer Purchasing Our retail Volume
Delivery Partner Discount Policy Customer Relations premises Good customer
Supplier experience
Supplier Delivery Partner
Delivery Partner
Accounting
Risks
Staff Expertise
Non-Integrated
Customer Sale Systems
Stock Outage
Business
Resources Applications Product or Object Business
Service Objects/State Key Indicators
Order Taking Customer
Customer Product Time to Delivery
Supplier Return Rate
Sales People Management Goods Order
Fullfillment Supplier Order
Debtors Business
Delivery Request
Communication
Business Partner
Purchase Request
Delivery Request
Sub-Processes
Delivery Note
New Customer
inspired!
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10. Business Process Model
Warehouse
Store
man
Cash .95 Deliver
Confirm Goods
Capture .2 Sale Issue Sufficient
Sale with
Salesperson Sale Stock
.8 Credit Check .05 Insufficient
Customer Credit
.9 OK
.1 Not OK Vehicle
Sales
Obtain +
Sales Stock ex
Person Stock
Supplier
Advise Received
Retail Store Customer
Delivery
Date
Customer
Relations
Supplier
inspired!
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11. Relationship between Strategy, Architecture,
es
Program and Project Management
c
fluen Vision
In
al
Desired Future
Extern
Architecture
Business
Strategy
Formulation App Info
Technology
Current
NT
Reality AGEME
T MAN
EC
P ROJ
Business
App Info PROGRAM
MANAGEMENT
Technology Delta Models
Initiatives
As Is Architecture
inspired!
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12. Project Delta Example
mPAY System Context
Call Centre
Moderator Vendor Request
Request Account/Facility
Facility Details
MTN Decision
Product
Request Vend Acc
Statistics Manager
Retail Vendor
Vendor
Conf or Deny
Req. Paym
Registration
Credit Check
Subscriber
Conf or Deny Conf or Deny
Billing
Confirm Tx Req Auth. Setup Confirm Tx System
PIN
Vendor OK or Encrpt.
Payment No PIN
Confirm Payment CreditPay SMS
System Gateway
Invoice
Funds Tfr
Bank
New
Subscriber
Existing unmodified Request for facility
Existing modified
inspired!
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13. BA Plays Major Role in
Shaping the business approach
Evaluating environmental impacts and imperatives
Focussing effort of analysis
Defining Desirable Scenarios
Envisioning Future Processes
Creating new relationships
Defining Requirements
Functional Requirements
Process Requirements
Organization/Job Design
Business Rules
Information Requirements
Scoping of Information Systems, Change Initiatives, Projects
inspired!
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14. Layers of Models
Conceptual
Logical
Solution Architecture
Physical
inspired!
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15. Example: System Level Model
Logical Tx
Delivery
Note Sale
Purchase
Request
Capture Sale
Sale Created
Product
Sales Sale
Customer Valid
Person complete
.2 .8
Stock Conclude Deliver
Cash Check .95 Sufficient Sale Customer Goods
Sale Stock D1
Insufficient Debited
.05 Stock
Credit
Issued
Sale
.9 Customer
Creditworthy Obtain +
.1 Not Stock Stock ex
Creditworthy Received Supplier
Rule D1
Purchase
Discount Calculation
Order Allow Discount only for
Approve Advise Stock
Customer Filled Category 1 and 2 Clients
Backorder on order on Product with Margin >
Delivery 25%
Purchase
Date Order
Purchase
created
Backorder Order
Approve Created
Backorder
Logical Tx
Backorder
Supplier
inspired!
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16. Example: Design Level Model
Delivery REP003
Note Prt Windows
Client Unix Server
UI001
Capture
Sale Record
Sale Sale
Sales Sale
Customer Created
Person complete
Product
.2 .8 Valid
Stock Conclude Deliver
Cash Check .95 Sufficient Sale Customer
Goods
Sale Stock D1
Insufficient Debited
.05 Stock
Credit
Issued
Sale
.9 Customer
Creditworthy Obtain +
.1 Not Stock Stock ex
Creditworthy Received Supplier
Rule D1
Purchase
Discount Calculation
Order Allow Discount only for
Approve Advise Stock
Customer Filled Category 1 and 2 Clients
Backorder on order on Product with Margin >
Delivery 25%
Purchase
Date Order
EDI002
created
Record Backorder
Approve
Back Created
Backorder
Order
inspired!
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Supplier

17. Clear Linkage from Business
Goals and Events to
Business Services
System Services
Technology Services and Infrastructure
Information Services
Requirements Traceability
Governance Traceability
Impact Analysis
BA needs a high level of Domain Knowledge
viz. Assurance vs Banking vs Retail...
Certainly a requirement for international positions
inspired!
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18. 4 Layer Model Example
Short video clip illustrating modeling from the business
dimension, thru process, down to application and
technology
inspired!
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19. Third Dimension
Quality Models can be enhanced
Costs with additional dimensions of
Methods Methods, Process,
Business Architecture Deliverables
Goals Markets Products Services Channels Suppliers
Processes Resources Technology Culture Costs
Competitors
Metrics and Quality
The above can reflect both
Information
Applications
Current Position
Types/Classes
Types/Classes Inventory
Inventory Benchmarks from Industry/
Competitors
Technical Architecture
User Access Application Enablers Data Storage and Management
Goals
User Interfaces Connectivity Platforms Services TIMING and RISK can also
be brought into the picture..
inspired!
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20. Enhancing the Models - Cost Perspective
President
President
VP VP VP
VP VP
Minion
VP
Minion Minion Minion Minion
Turns out that most of
Minion Minion Minion Minion Minion
the cost elements are
Business Unit already in the
architecture models!
We need to add
attributes to individual
items to record the
various relevant costs;
Deals then implement a
Channel
mechanism to
accumulate them. This
adds a model element
for Cost Centre. Costs
accumulated there can,
in turn, be apportioned
Application across business units.
Cost Centre Resource
This is a flexible
approach that allows
President various cost categories
VP VP VP to be monitored - various
Minion Minion Minion Minion Minion models can be
Business Unit simultaneously
implemented
Technology
Platform Project DBMS
inspired!
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21. Architectures and Process Management
Enable Quality Improvement
Profit Thruput
Quality of Deliv. Error Rate
Product Process
Business Architecture
Uptime Data Quality
Goals Markets Products Services Channels Suppliers
Processes Resources Technology Culture Competitors User Satisfaction Availability
Applications
Types/Classes Inventory Types/Classes
Information
Inventory
Applicat'n Database
Technical Architecture
User Access Application Enablers Data Storage and Management
User Interfaces Connectivity Platforms Services
MTBF
MTTR
Platform
inspired!
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22. Standards for Interorganizational Systems
Modeling Tool
Policies & Rules
ORG 1
BPMN BPEL BPMN
Business Process
Modeling Notation
Rules BPEL
Flow Workflow Engine
Business Process
Flow
Flow Execution Language
Condition
Flow Messaging
e.g. SOAP/XML
or MQ Series
or CORBA
STD API
DIR e.g. Web Service
SVC Messaging Bus or CORBA object
Directory Service
e.g. UDDI, LDAP,
STD API STD API STD API
X500, Active Directory
STD API
APPLIC. APPLIC. APPLIC.
COMPONENT COMPONENT COMPONENT
ORG 2
inspired!
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23. Conclusion & Discussion
Very large overlap between Business Analysis and EA scope
Also between required skill sets..
BA's have a very central role to play in EA
EA role is a career growth path for analysts, particularly in
the Business and Process Architecture dimensions
inspired!
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24. References and Futher Info
Archi Collaborative Enterprise Modeling Tool: http://www.inspired.org
BPMN: http://www.bpmi.org http://www.omg.org
Cover page image of development of universe simulation:
T. Di Matteo, J. Colberg, V. Springel, L. Hernquist & D. Sijacki, “Direct Cosmological Simulations of
the Growth of Black Holes and Galaxies,” Astrophysical Journal, 2007 (forthcoming).
General EA Coverage: (Extensive site!) http://www.enterprise-architecture.info/
Inspired Enterprise Architecture Frameworks: http://www.inspired.org
TOGAF - Open Group: http://www.opengroup.org
Zachman - ZIFA: http//www.zifa.com
inspired!
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25. Contact Us
Graham McLeod
graham@inspired.org
+27 82 578 1834
Inspired
www.inspired.org
+27 21 531 5404
inspired!
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26. Inspired
Established 1991: Consulting, Training and Research
Small but highly skilled I.T. consulting house
Research
Cape Based, UK and Spain Tools
Methods
Training
Blue Chip clients in Governance
Consulting
Assurance, Finance
Retail
Strategy Architecture
Telecomms
Software/IT
Government and Education
Initiative
Media Delivery
Management
Healthcare
Deep Expertise In Quality Improvement
Linking Business and IT Strategy
Enterprise Architectures
Process Improvement
Project and Program Management
System Delivery Methods and Techniques
Repository/Knowledge Management
e-Commerce, CRM, Knowledge Management, Web Services, SOA, TOGAF
Independent of vendors, but richly networked
inspired!
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27. Archi Collaborative Enterprise Engineering Tool
Benefits of Collaboration
Involvement of more perspectives and
subject experts
Higher quality input and models
Distribution of effort and greater total effort
applied
Reduction of time to produce results
Higher awareness and buy in of all relevant
parts of the organization => higher
architectural compliance
Greater agility
inspired!
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