2. Scatterometer measures ocean surface wind/stress

7. Center of cyclonic currents

8. Center of cyclonic currents

9. Center of cyclonic currents

10. QuikSCAT demonstrates flow separation in hurricanes ( Similar for ASCAT) QSCAT U ENW QSCAT  o -V QSCAT  o -H Hwind Speed (m/s) Hurricanes in 2005 were used. Those with more than 50% chance of coincident rain occurrence were removed. ASCAT shows similar behavior at C-band (Bentamy presented at OVWST meeting)

12. ENW is higher than actual wind under unstable condition

14. Xie et al. 2002, GRL

15. Wind and SST Coupling Lin, I.-I.; W.T. Liu, C.-C. Wu, J.C. Chiang, and C.-H. Sui, 2003: Satellite observations of modulation of surface winds by typhoon-induced upper ocean cooling. Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 30(3), 1131, doi:10.1029/2002GL015674.

16. QuikSCAT ENW (color) & AMSR-E SST (contour) Liu et al. 2008, GRL

18. Strong Temperature Gradient & Current Shear at Ocean Front Kuroshio Agulhas Liu et al. 2007, JC Liu et al. 2008, JO Center of anticyclonic currents Center of cyclonic currents

19. Collocation of ENW magnitude with SST is inherent in the definition of ENW and turbulent mixing theory. (Liu et al. 2007, JC) Observation from satellite Computed from uniform wind field at 10m Agulhas

20. Observation from satellite Computed from uniform wind field at 10m Liu et al. 2008, JO Kuroshio

21. Center of cyclonic currents

22. Stability Parameter = buoyancy / shear

25. Center of cyclonic currents SST-Ta U N -U Jan 2003-2005

26. Center of cyclonic currents SST-Ta U N -U Jul 2003-2005

27. 10/06 6/99 QuickScat USA Operating Post EPS Europe Draft 2dec09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Ku-band Combined C- and Ku-band 09 08 C-band Launch Date

28. Center of cyclonic currents

29. See the Whole Elephant See from Space

30. backup

32. Center of cyclonic currents Surface current & vorticity Filtered AMSR-E Ts & U N from uniform wind (7.5 m/s) AMSR-E Ts & QuikSCAT U N U N Conv. from uniform wind U N vorticity from uniform wind QuikSCAT U N & vorticity

33. Center of cyclonic currents

34. Spaceborne Scatterometers SEASAT ERS-1/2 QuikSCAT NSCAT V-H, V-H V ONLY V, V-H, V V, H Polarization Scan Pattern 50 km 50 km 25 km 25/12.5 km Resolution 500 km 500 km 500 km 600 km 600 km 1800 km Swath Variable 41% 77% 93% Daily Coverage 6/78 – 10/78 Dates 8/91-1/01 8/96 – 6/97 6/99 + 14.6 GHz 5.3 GHz 13.402 GHz 13.995 GHz Frequency 22°-55° Inc. Angle 18°-47°,  24°-57° 18°-57°, 22°-63° 46°, 54° Fixed Doppler Beam Resolution RANGE GATE Variable Doppler Spot