2. Topic Overview *Take a look at some of these recent stress statistics, courtesy of the American Psychological Association (APA Survey 2004). • Two thirds of Americans say they are likely to seek help for stress. • 54 % of Americans are concerned about the level of stress in their everyday lives. Having trouble coping with job stress? Check out these workplace-related stress statistics: • 62% of Americans say work has a significant impact on stress levels. • 52% are more stressed because of work than home. • 54% of workers are concerned about health problems caused by stress. • 45% of workers list job insecurity has a significant impact on work stress levels. • 61% of workers list heavy workloads as a significant impact on work stress levels. • 73% of Americans name money as the number one factor that affects their stress level. • One in four workers have taken a mental health day off from work to cope with stress. *http://www.hardcore-stress-management.com/stress-statistics.html
3. What is Stress Defined? Stress is defined as an organism's total response to environmental demands or pressures. Stress in humans results from interactions between persons and their environment that are perceived as straining or exceeding their adaptive capacities and threatening their well-being. http://www.answers.com/topic/stress
4. Background The survey was conducted at my work place In the past year, we have gone through some significant downsizing in our organization. (Through buy-outs and lay-offs) The result, my headcount at work was reduced by 64% Out of the 53 employees that remain at work, only 33 of them meet their current objectives
5. Background continued Employees that are left, don’t feel secure in their jobs, as a result of the downsizing My organization is continuing on downsizing The employees that don’t meet their objectives have a bigger negative impact on the office results, since the headcount has decreased
6. Research Question Would employees benefit from stress management training in the work place? Relevant Factors: Demographics Familiarity with Stress Management Identifying where the stress is coming from Identifying activities the employees can utilize to manage their stress Will stress management help employees with their stress and help them meet their performance
7. Research Hypothesis If the company initiates stress management training in the workplace, would the employees meet their performance?
8. Data Collection & Preparation Would employees benefit from stress management training in the work place? Relevant Factors: Demographics Familiarity with Stress Management Identifying where the stress is coming from Identifying activities the employees can utilize to manage their stress Will stress management help employees with their stress and help them meet their performance
9. Survey Description Demographic- Questions were written to identify range of the population in the office Questions included were: Age Gender Employment Status- position held Family Status
10. Survey Description Behavioral questions Questions were designed to see if the employees understood what is stress management and background on their stress Are you familiar with Stress Management or other methods of relieving stress? Is your stress due to: Work, outside of work or both
11. Survey Description Opinion question Questions were designed to see if the employees would use stress management tools and if their performance was impacted by stress Do you think Stress Management is a good initiative for our company? When you are under pressure at work, which of the following activity helps you cope with your stress? Do you perform better at work when you are less stressed? If the following activities were made available when you are stressed, will it help with your productivity?
12. Data Collection Target Audience- Employees at work place Population was 53 employees, and all 53 responded to the survey The decision was simple, wanted to include all employees at work location, since there were only 53 people We passed out 53 surveys, received 53 back. 100% A paper survey was provided to all employees
13. Delivery Method Physical distribution of printed surveys Surveys handed to 53 associates at my work place Each associate completed the survey and returned to me, once completed Employees did not have to place their name on the survey Advised employees this survey was for the purpose of a school project Participation was voluntary and not required Had 100% participation from the associates. Passed 53 surveys and received 53 back
14. Potential Sources of Error Employees may have had felt pressured to respond, since it was their boss asking them to complete it Employees may had answered the questions untruthfully, not knowing if there was a hidden agenda
15. DATA PREPARATION Age Gender Employment status Family Status Perception of SM Resource of Stress Preference of SM Instinctive reaction under pressure Relations between productivity and mood Relations between productivity and different way of SM
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17. Age Proportion 60% of the respondents age ranged from 36-52. It fairly match’s the official Population Pyramid
21. Resource of Stress Most of the Stress the employees experience is coming from work. While 12 of the employees believe the main source of their stress is from outside work.
22. Summary of the Data All surveys were completed 60% of the respondents are in the middle-ages. 86% of the respondents are female 58% of them are married with children 83% of them are operators 60% of them think they have stress from work 64% of the respondents, find Yoga as the best alternative to reduce their stress.
23. Additional hypothesis for later testing Gender or Age could effect the preference of Stress Management Position may effect the level of Stress Family status should effect the source of the stress
24. ANALYSIS We will show you 5 examples of 4 different ways we analyzed our data 2 One-sample hypothesis testing 1 two-sample hypothesis testing 1 Simple Linear Regression 1 Multiple Regression
25. Efficiency of the Stress Management Hypothesis question: Do people prefer Stress Management more or other ways to relief your stress more? Survey: When you are under pressure at work, which of the following activity helps you cope with your stress? Method: One Sample Hypothesis Testing for proportion(n>30)
27. Summary of the 1SHT Conclusion: Most of the employees prefer Stress Management than other alternatives Interpretation: Instinctively, employees will choose to use different Stress Management techniques. In other words, when a company initiates Stress Management, they will get their original expectation of increasing productivity.
28. Stress with Productivity Hypothesis question: Could people under less stress perform better? Survey: Do you perform better at work when you are in a good mood? Method: One Sample Hypothesis Testing for proportion (n>30)
30. Summary of the 1SHT Conclusion: Most of the employees will perform well under less pressure Interpretation: The less stress the employees have the better they will perform
31. Belief of the Stress Management Hypothesis question: Are employees who are familiar with Stress Management believe it is an good initiative more or less than the employees who are not familiar with it? Survey: Are you familiar with Stress Management or other methods of relieving stress? Do you think Stress Management is a good initiative for our company? Method: Two Sample Hypothesis Testing for proportion (n>30)
33. Summary of the 2SHT Conclusion: There is no difference in the belief of Stress Management between the employee who is familiar or unfamiliar with the method Interpretation: The employees who are familiar or unfamiliar with Stress Management, both believe Stress Management should have a positive impact on their performance
34. Simple Linear Regression Question: Is there a relationship between the Productivity and the preference to get relief? Dependent (Y): Productivity level of employee under less stress Independent (X): Preference of the way to relieve stress Null: H0:b=0 Productivity has no relation with preference Alt: H0:b0 Productivity has a relation with preference
36. Summary of Regression Formula: Y=-0.1X+0.62 Interpretation: Since p-value = 0.363 > 0.05, do not reject the Null, the variable is insignificant. There is no relation between the Productivity and the preference to get stress relief. Conclusion: We can not predict the Productivity by the variable. Reliability: This model is only 2% reliable
37. multiple regression Question: Is there a relationship between the Productivity and the ways of Stress Management? Dependent (Y): Productivity level of employee under “less stress” Independents (X): 4 different Stress Management techniques: Yoga, Exercise, Artistic Expression and SPA Null: H0:b=0 Productivity has no relation with techniques of Stress Management Alt: H0:b0 Productivity has a relation with techniques of Stress Management
39. Summary for the Regression Formula: Y=0.01X1+0.12X2+0.02X3-0.13X4+0.6 Interpretation: Since p-value are all greater than 0.05, the variables are insignificant. There is no relation between the Productivity and the different kinds of Stress Management techniques. Conclusion: We can not predict the Productivity by these 4 variables. Yoga, Exercise, Artistic Expression and SPA) Reliability: (0%) reliable of this model
41. Final Conclusion As indicated by the hypothesis testing, the employees will definitely benefit from stress management training in the work place. As far as performance, the employees will meet it, regardless if they are familiar with stress management or not. We can not predict what kind of Stress Management will be the desirable selection. However, Stress Management is really as good as we thought previously and our survey is actually helpful.
42. Do you have any recommendations? Hypothesis Testing: We should had asked different questions, in order to have the opportunity to conduct different hypothesis testing. Regression: If we would had researched different stress management techniques, we could had been able to include them in the survey to analyze the relationships. Should had included a question, that would had captured the level of stress by the employees and level of productivity.
43. Suggestions for future research The questions could had been tailored better to fit the different analysis tools at hand This study was trying to answer two questions: 1. for stress management and 2. for productivity. If we had to do it over, I think we would had needed to ask a couple of more questions for each; 5 relating to stress management and 5 relating to performance, on top of the 5 demographic questions. Would include other employees from different departments, that did not report to me, to try to eliminate potential source of error Try to get a more balanced respondents for gender
X size is the number of people to choose 3 alternatives
Adjusted R2 is a modification of R2. Unlike R2, the adjusted R2 increases only if the new term improves the model.The adjusted R2 can be negative, and will always be less than or equal to R2.
