The endocrine system regulates functions such as water balance, growth, metabolism, heart rate, blood glucose levels, immune function, and reproduction through glands like the adrenal glands, pancreas, reproductive organs, and parathyroid glands. The adrenal glands produce hormones like epinephrine and cortisol that increase heart rate, metabolism and blood pressure. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. Reproductive organs like the testes, ovaries, and thyroid gland produce hormones that control development and function.