Technology

1. TECHNOLOGIES FOR
DISTANCE EDUCATION
Carolyn Jenkins-Haigler

2. TECHNOLOGIES
• Technology is used to promote communication.
• Communication occurs when two or more
individuals wish to share ideas.
• Communication in distance education occurs
when learners interact with each other and the
instructor.
• Communication and communication for
distance education have two things in common
which are language and culture.

3. A MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
• In order to communicate, instructional ideas are
encoded into some transmittable form, such as
spoken words, pictures and writing.
• Media is used to communicate to distant learners
and the messages must be decoded.
• Effective communication requires an active
audience.
• The model of communication has been widely
used to describe the interaction between message
designers and audience.

4. A TAXONOMY OF DISTANCE
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES
• It is distance education, it is very important that educators think
about how communication will occur and how to apply
experiences that will promote effective and efficient learning.
• Variety of techniques will be needed to provide equivalent
learning experiences for all students:
Correspondence study – simplest and longest- lived form of
distance education (copy machine, postal system).
 Prerecorded Media – next logical step in the development of
distance education technologies, the incorporation of media
other than media into correspondence study system (audio &
video recording system).

5. CONTINUED
Two-way audio- first widely used live, synchronous
form of distance education (telephone system,
telebridge connection)
Two-way audio with graphics an embellishment of
the two-way audio form (display board transmitter
or computer network)
One-way live video referred to as the broadcast
distance education, popularized in the 1950s
(television classroom, video transmission system;
microwave, ITFS, satellite uplinks and downlinks)

6. CONTINUED
 Two-way audio, one-way video (telephone system
with 800 number)
Two-way audio/video it is called the compressed
video often used in conference calls
(telecommunications network: leased telephone line
(T1), fiber-optics network (DS3), microwave network
Desktop two-way audio/video (multimedia
computer: camera, microphone, high-speed network
connection

7. CATEGORIES OF DESKTOP
AUDIO/VIDEO
• Analog systems use telephone wiring in buildings,
commonly called twisted-pair wires.
• High-speed is when the video signal is compressed
using a compression protocol.
• In today’s society we use medium-speed because it is
compressed over the Internet. Its speed is 128,000 or
256,000 bits per second
• Low-speed desktop video includes all systems that
transmit at speeds lower than 56,000 bits per second.

8. CLASSROOM
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
ONLINE INSTRUCTION
• The key to an successful online classroom is not the
technology but how it is used.
• What information is communicated using the technologies
• When selecting appropriate technologies for on-line
instruction students must: assess available instructional
technologies, determine the learning outcomes, identify
learning experiences and match each to the most
appropriate available technology and preparing the learning
experiences for online delivery.

9. INTERNET-BASED
TECHNOLOGY
• There are so many different types of web-based technology. In the
early 2000’s a new generation of web applications. Web 2.0
technologies are:
1. blogging
2. wikis
3. podcasting
4. social bookmarking,
5. social networking
6. virtual words.
• Video and computer based systems are a great form of
technology. Teaching with technology to learners who are not
physically located in the same site where instruction takes place
requires a different set of skills. Technologies are tools that must
be mastered to be effective.

10. SUMMARY
• Technologies used for distance education fall into two
categories; telecommunications technologies that connect
instructors to distant learners and classrooms technologies
that record, present, and display instructional information
• Video- and computer based systems are being used
• Effective utilization of distance education classrooms
requires a new set of skills for most educators and learners.