hypothalamus

1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
HYPOTHALAMUS

2. HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

3. WHAT IS HYPOTHALAMUS?
• The portion of the brain that contains a
number of small nuclei with a variety of
functions.
• The control center of all autonomic
regulatory activities of the body.

6. LOCATION AND STRUCTURE
• It is located in the middle of the base of the brain,
and encapsulates the ventral portion of the third
ventricle.
• A small cone-shaped structure, it projects
downward, ending in the pituitary stalk, a tubular
connection to the pituitary gland.

8. FUNCTION
• The most important functions of the
hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to
the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
• It synthesizes and secretes
certain neurohormones, often called
hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these
in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of
pituitary hormones.

10. ACTION
PITUITARY
GLAND

11. NEUROHORMONES
• Thyrotrophin- releasing hormone (TRH)
• Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
• Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
• Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
• Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
• Oxytocin
• Vasopressin

13. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone ~ Thyrotrophin-releasing
hormone
• Other names ~ Prolactin-releasing hormone
• Symbol(s)~ TRH/TRF/ or PRH
• stimulate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
release from anterior pituitary hormone
(primarily).
• Stimulate prolactin (PRL) release from
anterior pituitary.

14. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone~ Corticotrophin-releasing
hormone
• Symbols (s) ~ CRH/CRF
• Stimulate adrenocorticotrophic hormones
(ACTH) release from anterior pituitary.

15. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone~ Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone
• Symbols (s) ~ GnRH/ LHRH
• Stimulating follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) release from anterior pituitary.
• Stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release
from anterior pituitary.

16. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone~ Growth hormone-releasing
hormone.
• Symbol (s)~GHRH
• Stimulate Growth hormone (GH) release
from anterior pituitary.

17. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone~ Somatostatin
• Other names~ growth hormone-
inhibiting hormone
• Symbols (s)~ SS/GHIH
• Inhibit the Growth hormone (GH) release
from anterior pituitary
• Inhibit thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
release from anterior pituitary.

18. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone~ Dopamine
• Other names~ Prolactin-inhibiting
hormone
• Symbols (s)~ DA/PIH
• Inhibit prolactin release from anterior
pituitary.
• Responsible for sexual arousal

19. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone~ Oxytocin
• For uterine contraction.
• Lactation (letdown reflex or milk ejection
reflex)

20. NEUROHORMONES
• Hormone~ Vasopressin
• Other names ~ antidiuretics hormone
• Symbols (s)~ ADH/AVP
• Increased water permeability in the distal
convoluted tubule and collecting duct of
nephrons, thus promoting water reabsorption
and increasing blood volume