3. Õpitarkvara ajalugu
• Lennusimulaatorid (ca 1940)
• Programmeerimiskeeled BASIC (1964) ja Logo (1967)
• Personaalarvutitel töötav õpitarkvara (1975)
• Multimeedia CD-ROM’id (ca 1990)
• Veebipõhised õppematerjalid (ca 1995)
10. Õpiobjekti mõiste kujunemisest
• 1992 — Wayne Hodgins tuleb õpiobjekti ideele
• 1994 — CedMA töörühm “Learning Architectures, APIs and
Learning Objects”
• 1997 — James J. L’Allier: “the smallest independent
instructional experience that contains an objective, a
learning activity and an assessment”
• 1998 — IEEE LOM 2002: “any entity -digital or non-digital-
that may be used for learning, education or training”
• 2000 — David Wiley “any digital resource that can be reused
to support learning”
11. Digital learning resources
• “any digital resource that is actually used by teachers and
learners for the purpose of learning” (OECD, 2009)
• “resources designed to be used by teachers in
supporting learning activities; where the resources are
provided by or derived from digital products” (BECTA,
2008)
• (Digitaalsed õppematerjalid)
12. Open educational resources
• “teaching, learning and research materials in any
medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public
domain or have been released under an open license that
permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and
redistribution by others with no or limited
restrictions” (UNESCO, 2012)
• (Avatud õppematerjalid)
13. Õpiobjekti tunnused
• Käideldavus (accessibility) — õpiobjekt on kättesaadav
• Koostalitlusvõime (interoperability) — õpiobjekt töötab erinevatel riistvara- ja
tarkvaraplatvormidel
• Kohandatavus (adaptability) — õpiobjekti on võimalik kohandada õppurile
või õpisituatsioonile
• Korduvkasutus (reusability) — õpiobjekt ei ole seotud kontekstiga ja on
korduvkasutatav erinevate õppuritega
• Vastupidavus (durability) — õpiobjekt töötab ilma muutmata uuemal riist- ja
tarkvaral
• Granulaarsus (granularity) — õpiobjekti on võimalik lahutada väiksemateks
osadeks
(ADLNet, 2006)
15. Digitaalsete õppematerjalide
kogud
• Repositoorium — andmebaasirakendus, mis sisaldab
digitaalseid õppematerjale ja nende metaandmeid
• Referatoorium — andmebaasirakendus, mis sisaldab
digitaalsete õppematerjalide metaandmeid ja viiteid
nende asukohale
58. Hariduslikud metaandmed (1)
• Interactivity Type
• Learning Resource Type
• Interactivity Level
• Semantic Density
• Intended End User Role
• Context
61. IEEE LOM rakendusprofiilid
• Rakendusprofiil (Application Profile) on komplekt
metaandmete elemente ning reegleid ja soovitusi nende
kasutamiseks konkreetses süsteemis
• The EUN Learning Resource Exchange Metadata
Application Profile 4.7: http://lreforschools.eun.org/web/
guest/metadata
• EstCore
62. LRE AP 4.7 õppematerjali
tüübid
Resources: application, assessment, broadcast, case study,
course, demonstration, drill and practice, educational game,
enquiry-oriented activity, experiment, exploration, glossary,
guide (advice sheets), lesson plan, open activity, other,
presentation, project, reference, role play, simulation,
textbook, tool, website.
Social media: bookmark sharing platform, image sharing
platform, reference sharing platform, sound sharing
platform, video sharing platform, weblog, wiki.
Assets: audio, data, model, text, video.
69. Kursuse info (selection)
EN ET Options EN XCRI 1.2 MLO
Title Nimetus <title> Title
Course ID Ainekood <identifier> Identifier
Provider <provider> mlo:LearningOpportunityProvider
Credits Ainepunkte <credit> mlo:credit
Facilitator Õppejõud
Education Level Haridustase <educationLevel> mlo:level
Language of Instruction Keel <languageOfInstruction> mlo:languageOfInstruction
Attendance Mode CM Campus, DA
Distance with
attendance, DS
Distance without
attendance, NC Face-
to-face non-campus,
MM Mixed mode, ON
Online (no attendance),
WB Work-based
<attendanceMode> mlo:engagement
Objective Eesmärgid <objective> mlo:objective
Description Kirjeldus <description> Description
Learning Outcomes Õpiväljundid <learningOutcome>
Assessment Hindamismeetodid <assessment> mlo:assessment
Prerequisite Eeldusained <prerequisite> mlo:prerequisite
Starting Date Alguskuupäev <start> mlo:start
Ending Date Lõppkuupäev <end>
Enrollment Procedure By the facilitator,
Moderated, Open
Apply Until Registreerumise tähtaeg <applyUntil>
Permission Ligipääs Course participants,
Logged in, All
Course Tag Kursuse märksõna
Image Pilt <image>
Status Staatus Preparation, Active,
Finished
71. Repositooriumide
andmevahetus
• Simple Query Interface (SQI) võimaldab teostada
sünkroonseid ja asünkroonseid päringuid teistesse
repositooriumidesse
• Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
(OAI-PMH) võimaldab pakkuda repositooriumidel oma
metaandmeid teistele repositooriumidele kogumiseks
83. Viited (1)
• ADLNet. (2006). SCORM 2004 3rd Edition: Shareable Content Object Model.
Overview. Advanced Distributed Learning. Retrieved from http://
www.adlnet.gov/Technologies/scorm/SCORMSDocuments/Previous Versions/
SCORM 2004 3rd Ed/SCORM.2004.3ED.DocSuite.zip
• IEEE. (2002). Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata. Piscataway, NJ:
IEEE. Retrieved from http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/files/
LOM_1484_12_1_v1_Final_Draft.pdf
• L'Allier, J. J. (1997). Frame of Reference: NETg's Map to Its Products, Their
Structures and Core Beliefs. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/
20020615192443/http://www.netg.com/research/whitepapers/frameref.asp
• Maadvere, I. (2009). Õpiobjektide repositooriumid.
• OECD. (2009). OECD Study on Digital Learning Resources as Systematic
Innovation: Coutry Case Study Report on Denmark. Retrieved from http://
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/33/40/42033180.pdf
84. Viited (2)
• Saum, R. R. (2007). An Abridged History of Learning Objects. In P. Taylor Northrup,
Learning Objects for Instruction: Design and Evaluation (pp. 1-15). Hershey, PA: IGI
Global.
• Sheffield Hallam University (2008). Digital Learning Resources (DLRs) - Understanding
and defining user requirements and expectations: Report on the Literature Research
and Gap Analysis. Sheffield. Retrieved from http://collaboration.becta.org.uk/docs/
DOC-1433
• UNESCO. (2012). 2012 Paris OER Declaration. Paris: UNESCO. Loetud aadressil http://
www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/
English_Paris_OER_Declaration.pdf
• Väljataga, T. (2005). Õpiobjektid ja pedagoogiline kontseptsioon. http://www.e-uni.ee/
konverents/2005/slaidid/Terje_Valjataga.pdf
• Wiley, D. (2000). Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A
definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy. In D. Wiley (Ed.), The Instructional Use of
Learning Objects: Online Version. Retrieved from http://reusability.org/read/chapters/
wiley.doc
85. Kasutatud fotod
• Michael Knowles, http://www.flickr.com/photos/mknowles/47457221/
• Sergio, http://www.flickr.com/photos/srgblog/728719997/
86. See materjal on avaldatud Creative Commons Autorile viitamine–Jagamine
samadel tingimustel 3.0 Eesti litsentsi alusel. Litsentsi terviktekstiga tutvumiseks
külastage aadressi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ee/
Hans Põldoja
hans.poldoja@tlu.ee
IFI7053.DT Digitaalsete õppematerjalide koostamine
http://oppematerjalid.wordpress.com
Tallinna Ülikool
Digitehnoloogiate instituut