Miller daretod ishow

Dare to
Differentiate!
50 Terrific Teacher Tricks
Danny Brassell, Ph.D.
Jeff Miller, Ph.D.
www.lazyreaders.com

Learning Goals
By the end of this presentation, we will
have:
 Determined what differentiated
instruction means and why it is important;
 Discussed ways to meet standards
without sacrificing student
readiness, interests and learning styles;
 Examined 50 tricks teachers may keep in
mind when differentiating instruction; and
 Reviewed songs, games and activities
designed to stimulate student interest in
school.

What Is
Differentiated
Instruction?

Differentiated instruction is a teaching
philosophy based on the premise that
teachers should adapt instruction to
student differences. Rather than
marching students through the
curriculum lockstep, teachers should
modify their instruction to meet students‟
varying readiness levels, learning
preferences, and interests.
Therefore, the teacher proactively plans
a variety of ways to „get at‟ and express
learning.
- Carol Ann Tomlinson

Whenever a teacher reaches
out to an individual or small
group to vary his or her
teaching in order to create the
best learning experience
possible, that teacher is
differentiating instruction.
- CAROL ANN TOMLINSON

Why Is
Differentiating
Instruction
Important?

To learn a particular
concept, some children
need days; some, ten
minutes, but the typical
lockstep school
schedule ignores this
fundamental fact.
- Marilyn Hughes

Eight Principles
of a
Differentiated
Classroom

Principle #1
The teacher is
clear about what
matters in the
content area.

Principle #2
The teacher
understands, appreci
ates and builds upon
student differences.

Principle #3
Assessment and
instruction are
inseparable.

You’re wrong!
vs.
Why did you say that?

Principle #4
All students
participate in
respectful work.

Principle #5
Students and
teachers
collaborate in
learning.

Principle #6
The teacher adjusts
content, process, and
product in response to
student
readiness, interests, an
d learning styles.

Principle #7
Goals of a
differentiated
classroom are
maximum growth
and continued
success.

Principle #8
Flexibility is the
hallmark of a
differentiated
classroom.

Dare to Differentiate: 50 Terrific Teacher Tricks
Trick #1
Create a supportive
environment of
respect (teacher-
students, students-to-
students).

Trick #2
Develop a sense of
community.

Trick #3
Facilitate an
environment where
students feel safe to
take risks.

Trick #4
Promote the
development of a
broad range of skills
and
interests, incorporatin
g all senses.

Trick #5
Set-up physical
classroom for
student-centered
instruction.

Trick #6
Provide purposeful
materials and
resources.

Trick #7
Have high
expectations for
ALL.

If you refuse to
accept anything but
the best in life, you
very often get it.
- Somerset Maugham

When a teacher tries to teach
something to the entire class
at the same time, chances
are, one-third of the kids
already know it; one-third will
get it; and the remaining third
won’t. So two-thirds of the
children are wasting their
time.
- Lilian Katz

Trick #8
Allow students to
“show what they
know” in a variety
of ways.

Trick #9
Provide students with
plenty of time to
explore, understand
and transfer learning
to long-term
memory.

Trick #10
Permit students time
to revisit ideas and
concepts in order to
connect or extend
them.

Trick #11
Ensure lessons are
developmentally
appropriate.

Trick #12
Tier activities to
provide
appropriate level of
challenge.

Trick #13
Compact
curriculum to
provide enrichment
and challenge.

If a student has a spark
(or better still, a fire), a
curiosity about a
topic, learning is more
likely for that student.
- Carol Ann Tomlinson (2001)

If there is anything we
wish to change in the
child, we should first
examine it and see
whether it is not
something that could
better be changed in
ourselves.
- Carl Jung

Trick #14
Incorporate
creativity.

Trick #15
Provide students real
choices in what they
learn, how they learn
and how they
demonstrate learning
(flexible and varied).

Trick #16
Offer real-world
challenges that are
directly connected to
the students‟ lives.

Trick #17
Offer novel, unique
and engaging
activities to capture
and sustain students‟
attention.

Trick #18
Use multi-
media/technology.

The biggest mistake of past
centuries in teaching has been
to treat all children as if they
were variants of the same
individual and thus to feel
justified in teaching them all
the same subjects in the same
way.
- Howard Gardner

Trick #19
Focus on students‟
learning styles.

It’s not how smart
you are.
It’s how
you are smart.

Sternberg’s Three
Intelligences
Creative Analytical
Practical
• We all have some of each of these intelligences, but
are usually stronger in one or two areas than in
others.
• We should strive to use all three…but also recognize
where students’ strengths lie and teach through those
intelligences as often as possible, particularly when
introducing new ideas.

Trick #20
Emphasize brain-
compatible
instruction.

Trick #21
Recognize and
honor cultural
diversity.

Trick #22
Emphasize student
strengths and develop
ways to compensate
for weaknesses so
they do not inhibit
what student can do.

Trick #23
Permit positive
movement.

Instruction begins
where the students
are, not at the front
of the curriculum
guide.
- CAROL ANN TOMLINSON

to Differentiate Content
Reading Partners / Reading Buddies *
Choral Reading/Antiphonal Reading
Flip Books
Split Journals (Double Entry – Triple Entry)
Books on Tape
Highlights on Tape
Digests/ “Cliff Notes”
Notetaking Organizers
Varied Texts
Varied Supplementary Materials
Highlighted Texts
Think-Pair-Share/Preview-Midview-Postview

Trick #24
Present the
curriculum through
interdisciplinary “big
ideas” versus
disconnected small
facts.

Remember jigsaw
puzzles: they’re much
easier when you can
see the whole picture
first.
- GORDON DRYDEN,
The Learning Revolution

Trick #25
Plan before, during
and after
instruction.

Trick #26
Negotiate contracts
to provide
appropriate learning
activities for students.

Motivation and
productivity skyrocket
when students reach
their goals.
- BETTIE B. YOUNGS,
The 6 Vital Ingredients of Self-Esteem: How to Develop
Them in Students

Trick #27
Challenge students
(i + 1).

Trick #28
Create centers.

Trick #29
Co-develop
standards with
students.

Trick #30
Clearly state
expectations (be
specific about
requirements).

Trick #31
Empower learners!
Encourage students
to help set and
enforce norms.

Learning is
most effective
when it’s fun.
- PETER KLINE,
The Everyday Genius

I never worked a
day in my life. It was
all fun.
- Thomas Edison

To learn
it, do it!
- ROBERT C. SCHANK,
Engines for Learning

TO DIFFERENTIATE PROCESS
Fun & Games
RAFTs
Cubing, Think Dots
Choices (Intelligences)
Centers
Tiered lessons
Contracts

Trick #32
Utilize
active, hands-on
learning.

80 percent of learning
difficulties are related to
stress. Remove the
stress, and you remove
the difficulties.
- GORDON STOKES,
The Learning Revolution

Children learn best
when they are helped
to discover the
underlying principles for
themselves.
- PETER KLINE,
The Everyday Genius

Trick #33
Allow students to
work collaboratively
and independently
(flexible grouping).

Trick #34
Make use of higher
level thinking and
questioning
strategies.

If the questions
are simple so is
the thinking.

Trick #35
Offer students
plenty of time for
reflection and goal
setting.

Trick #36
Vary strategies.

Trick #37
Consider integrated
curriculum, problem-
based learning and
service learning.

Trick #38
Balance teacher-
chosen and teacher-
directed activities
with student-chosen
and student-directed
activities.

The art of teaching is
developing into the art
of teaching children to
teach themselves.
- HELENA H. WALLENBERG and MICHAEL S. BOGOLEA
The Welfare Rennaissance:
The New Swedish Model

Children’s work IS
their play. Children
learn from
everything they do.
- CAROLYN HOOPER,
New Zealand Playcenter Movement

Trick #39
Help students
understand group‟s
shared needs for
success, to
belong, to trust, the
future, etc.

Trick #40
Monitor student
progress
constantly.

Trick #41
Aim high; scaffold
weaknesses.

Trick #42
Teach for meaning;
not rote.

Trick #43
Be flexible (with
time, space, materi
als and groupings).

Trick #44
Teach strategies
explicitly so student
has “easy way out”
of tough spots.

Trick #45
Collaborate with
parents, resource
specialists, etc. It
takes a village!

If there were only one
truth, you couldn’t
paint a hundred
canvases on the
same theme.
- Pablo Picasso

All children are born
geniuses, and we spend
the first six years of their
lives degeniusing them.
- BUCKMINSTER FULLER

to Differentiate Product
Choices based on readiness, interest, and
learning profile
Clear expectations
Timelines
Agreements
Product Guides
Rubrics
Evaluation

Trick #46
Provide opportunities
for
projects, creativity, pr
oblems and
challenges.

Trick #47
Focus on student
growth.

Trick #48
Initiate student-
maintained portfolios
and assessments with
varied and original
products.

THINKING ABOUT
ON-GOING ASSESSMENT
STUDENT DATA SOURCES
1. Journal entry
2. Short answer test
3. Open response test
4. Home learning
5. Notebook
6. Oral response
7. Portfolio entry
8. Exhibition
9. Culminating product
10. Question writing
11. Problem solving
TEACHER DATA
MECHANISMS
1. Anecdotal records
2. Observation by checklist
3. Skills checklist
4. Class discussion
5. Small group interaction
6. Teacher – student
conference
7. Assessment stations
8. Exit cards
9. Problem posing
10. Performance tasks and
rubrics

Differentiated Report Cards
A = Excellent
Growth
B = Very Good
Growth
C = Some Growth
D = Little Growth
F = No Observable
Growth
1=The student is
Above Grade
Level
2=The student is
Working At Grade
Level
3=The student is
Working Below
Grade Level
On report cards, I need to find a way to show individual
growth and relative standing to students and parents

Trick #49
Support students in
creating products for
real events/audience
through public displays
and performances.

Trick #50
Emphasize quality
of thought and
expression vs.
accuracy.

Review
In this presentation, we:
 Determined what differentiated instruction
means and why it is important;
 Discussed ways to meet standards without
sacrificing student readiness, interests and
learning styles;
 Examined 50 tricks teachers may keep in
mind when differentiating instruction; and
 Reviewed songs, games and activities
designed to stimulate student interest in
school.

The real art of discovery
consists not in finding
new lands, but in seeing
with new eyes.
- Marcel Proust

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