It is review for gait cycle. Gait is style , manner or a pattern of walking. Walking pattern may differ from individual to individual

1. 1

2. Presenters
Hassan Bin Nasir
Syed Altaf Hussain
Presented to
Dr: MFaizan 2

3. Gait And Gait Cycle
3

4. Objectives
• Definition Of Gait?
• What is The gait Cycle?
• Parameter Of Gait Cycle?
• Gait Patterns with Walking Aids ?
4

5. Gait
Normal Gait
Series of rhythmical , alternating
movements of the trunk & limbs which
result in the forward progression of the
center of gravity…
5

6. Gait is style , manner or a pattern
of walking.
 Walking pattern may differ from
individual to individual
6

7. Gait Cycle
• Defined as the period of time
from one heel strike to the next
heel strike of the same limb
7

8. Gait Cycle
The gait cycle consists of two
phases…
1) STANCE PHASE
2) SWING PHASE
8

9. • Gait is style , manner or a pattern of walking.
• Walking pattern may differ from individual to
individual
9

10. 10

11. 11

12. STANCE PHASE
 Begins when the heel of one leg
strikes the ground and ends when the
toe of the same leg lifts off.
 Constitutes approximately 60% of
the gait cycle.
12

13. 13

14. SWING PHASE
 Swing phase represents the period
between a toe off on one foot ad heel
contact on the same foot.
 Constitutes approximately 40%
of the gait cycle.
14

15. 15

16. GAIT TERMINOLOGIES
 Time and distances are two basic
parameters of motion.
1. Temporal (Time) variables
2. Distance (Spatial) variables
16

17. TEMPORAL VARIABLES
1. Single limb support time
2. Double support time
3. Cadence
4. Speed
17

18. Single Limb Support Time
Amount of time that spent
during the period when only
one extremity is on the
supporting surface is a gait
cycle.
18

19. Double Support Time
Amount of the time spent with both
feet on the ground during one gait
cycle.
 The time of double support may be
increased in elder patients and in
those having balance disorders
 The time of double support
decreases when speed of walking
increases
19

20. 20

21. Distance Variables
1. Stride length
2. Step length
3. Degree of toe out
21

22. Stride length
22

23. Step length
23

24. Degree of toe out
It represents the angle of foot placement
and may be found by measuring the angle
formed by each foot’s line of progression
and a line intersecting the center of heel
and second toe.
The angle for men is about 7 degree.
the degree of toe out decreases as the
speed of walking increases in normal
men.
24

25. 25

26. Gait Patterns with Walking Aids
26

27. Swing-to Gait
 In this gait both crutches are brought forward together.
 The trunk & lower extremities lean forwards, weight is
transferred to the upper limbs & walking aids.
 Both lower limbs are lifted & swung forwards to the level of
crutches
27

28. 28

29. Swing-through Gait
Both crutches are taken forward, then
both lower limb are lifted & swung
past the crutches, so that the crutches
are left behind the point where the
feet land on the floor.
29

30. 30

31. Conti…..
This gait is most commonly used by those
with no lower limb control such as Spinal
cord injury patients.
• Unsuitable for those with painful lower
limbs.
31

32. Ipsilateral Two-point Gait
with One Stick
• Stick in the ipsilateral hand is move
forward, together with the affected leg.
 • Followed by the non-affected leg.
32

33. Contra-lateral Two-point Gait
with One Stick
 Contra lateral hand and
stick are moved, together
with the affected leg.
 The weight is shared b/w
the stick and affected side as
the non-affected leg is
brought through.
33

34. Three Point Gait
It requires two walking aids, either
crutches or sticks followed by the
affected leg then unaffected leg.
34

35. 35

36. Conti…..
If a minimal weight-bearing gait is required, e.g
toe touching only,
then a three point gait must be utilized where
the walking aid makes contact with the ground
before the affected leg touches the floor.
36

37. Four-points-Gait
In this gait two walking aids are used,
one for each leg.
• The right walking aid is put forward,
followed by the left leg, then the left
walking aid and the right leg.
37

38. 38

39. Conti…..
 It is only appropriate when both legs are
able to support part of the body weight.
 Subject who have only minor stability
problems my use two canes.
 A Four-point gait is ideal for balance & as a
step to relearning a normal reciprocal gait
pattern.
39

40. FACTORS AFFECTING GAIT
►Age
►Gender
►Assistive devices
►Disease states
►Muscle weakness or paralysis
►Asymmetries of the lower
extremities
►Injuries and malalignments
40

42. 42