2. Outline
Introduction
Mobile Services
What is WAP ?
WAP Architecture
WAP Protocols
Demonstration
Conclusion
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3. Introduction
Mobile Growth 2000 – 2009
• An estimated 4.1 Billion Mobile Phone subscriptions till
2009. By the International telecommunications union (ITU).
•Total subscriptions grew 563 %
Mobile Application Growth
• Total value of all applications stores was worth 343 million
dollar ; Yankee Group 2009
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5. Imagine.. Anytime, Anywhere you can
Get financial information
Order and buy tickets
Pay your bills
Read the news
Read and send e-mails
Receive your voice-mail
Get a local guide to restaurants
Make stock queries
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7. What is WAP ?
Wireless Application Protocol : RFC 2636
A set of protocols which allow data exchange for
mobile cellular systems
The current world standard for the presentation and
delivery of wireless information
It is device independent
It is network independent
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8. Current Constraints of
Wireless Interfaces: Mobile Devices:
Less Bandwidth Less CPU Power
High Latency Less Memory and Storage
Less Stable Connections Restricted Power Consumption
Less Predictable Availability Small / Variable Sized Displays
Diverse range of network Variable Input Types
standards (Keypad, Pen, etc,)
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9. Why use WAP ?
The importance of WAP comes due to the fact that it is promoted, developed and supported by
important names in the world of wireless communications, of Internet, and of finance. In concrete
terms, 90 % producers of equipment of mobile communications are members of the WAP Forum, the
true promoter of standards WAP. Names appearing above constitute a very partial list.
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10. WAP Key Features
Designed to create services Multiple OS like Palm OS,
for small handheld terminals EPOC, Flex OS, Java OS,
OS/9, PocketPC ec.
Designed to minimize
required bandwidth
and impact of latency
Access to telephony
related functionality
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11. WAP Architecture (1/2)
Any WAP enable system consists of:
WAP Gateway
The HTTP Web Server
and The WAP device (ex any WAP enabled mobile)
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12. WAP Architecture (2/2)
Client Web Server
WAP Gateway
WML
with WML-Script
WML Encoder CGI
WML Decks
WML- Scripts
WSP/WTP WMLScript
HTTP etc.
Script
Compiler
WTAI
Protocol Adapters Content
Etc.
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14. Comparison between Internet and WAP Models
Internet Wireless Application Protocol
HTML Wireless Application Other Services and
JavaScript Environment (WAE) Applications
Session Layer (WSP)
HTTP
Transaction Layer (WTP)
TLS - SSL Security Layer (WTLS)
Transport Layer (WDP)
TCP/IP
UDP/IP Bearers:
SMS USSD
GPRS CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC-P Etc..
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15. WAP Protocols (1/4)
• WSP (Wireless Session Protocol)
– Provides the application layer of WAP with a consistent
interface for two session services.
• A connection-oriented service that operates above the
transaction layer protocol WTP.
• A connectionless service that operates above a secure or
non-secure datagram service (WDP).
Wireless Session Layer (WSP)
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16. WAP Protocols (2/4)
• WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol)
– Provides efficient request/reply based transport mechanism
suitable for devices with limited resources over networks
with low to medium bandwidth.
• WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a client
without request (e.g. notification of stock hitting target price)
• WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP uses to
transfer the same amount of data.
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
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17. WAP Protocols (3/4)
• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)
– A security protocol based upon the industry-standard
Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, formerly known
as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
– WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport protocols
and has been optimized for use over narrow-band
communication channels.
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
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18. WAP Protocols (4/4)
• WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)
– The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecture
– Provides a common interface to the Security, Session, and
Application layers
– Allows these upper layers to function independently of the
underlying wireless network. This is the key to global
interoperability
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
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19. How limits are handled ? (1/2)
Low bandwidth
• WML contents are encoded
• WSP supports long-lived sessions
• WTP designed to minimize number of transactions
High latency
• Asynchronous request/response model
• Client side programming using WMLScript
• WTA repositories
Unreliable connection
• WSP supports long-lived sessions to resume efficiently
• Selective retransmission of segments by WTP
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20. How limits are handled ? (2/2)
Small Display
• Decks and card interface
Limit input facilities
• Decks and cards makes inter-page navigation easier
Limited memory & CPU
• Binary encoding of WML contents saves memory
• Limited set of functionality of WMLScript & libraries
Limited battery power
• Minimizing bandwith needs
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22. Conclusion
With the arrival of mobile 3G, WAP will be in strong usage, and
will become probably a spread and common standard.
Anytime, Anywhere, Any ...
The future of WAP depends largely on :
• whether consumers decide to use WAP devices to
access the Web,
• and also on whether a new technology comes
along that would require a different infrastructure
than WAP.
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- Client: connect to gateway onlyWAP Gatway: is the entity that connects the wireless domain with the InternetConnects to any serverTranslate HTTP-TCP-IP into WSP-WTP-WDP-bearerCompiles WML« abstracts » HTML, converts to WML (optional)Server : provides WML (or HTML)
WAP works like this:- The user selects an option on his mobile device that has a URL with Wireless Markup language (WML) content assigned to it.- The phone sends the URL request via the wireless network to a WAP gateway, using the binary encoded WAP protocol.- The gateway translates this WAP request into a conventional HTTP and sends it on to the Internet.- The appropriate Web server picks up the HTTP request.- The server processes the request.If the URL refers to a static WML file, the server deliversit.-The Web server adds the HTTP header to the WML content and returns it to the gateway.- The WAP gateway compiles the WML into binaryform and sends the WML response back to the phone.- The phone receives the WML via the WAP protocol and with a micro-browser it displays the content on the screen.