The path to the Second World War

1. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939)

2. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) Japanese steps towards WWII German steps towards WWII Democratic countries’ reaction The spark that triggered the war

3. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1929 Enconomic crisis • End of international harmony • Economic crisis  increased international tension Germany, Italy and Japan • Discontented powers • Set up the Axis, military bloc Democratic countries • Weak international policy • «Appeasement policy» led by British PM Chamberlain Soviet Union • Stalin’s «great purges» • After failing a possible alliance with the democratic countries  Pact with Hitler

4. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) «Appeasement policy» • Unwillingness of the British, French and American population to fight again a war • British thought that the Treaty of Versailles had unfair clauses • Chamberlain believed that Hitler could be appeased by giving in to certain Hitler’s claims

5. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) JAPANESE STEPS TOWARDS THE WAR 1931 Invasion of Manchuria • Inukai Tsuyoshi’s ultranationalist government 1937 Invasion of China • For some historians, the Sinojapanese war meant the beginning of WWII

6. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) Manchuria’s invasion 1931

7. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) Manchuria’s invasion 1931

8. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) Inukai Shiyosi and the Emperor

9. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) JAPANESE STEPS TOWARDS THE WAR 1931 Invasion of Manchuria • Inukai Tsuyoshi’s ultranationalist government 1937 Invasion of China • For some historians, the Sinojapanese war meant the beginning of WWII

10. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1937 Nanjing’s massacre

11. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1937 Japanese invasion of China

12. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) GERMAN AND ITALIAN STEPS TOWARDS THE WAR (1) 1933 Germany left the League of Nations 1935 Compulsory military service 1935-36 Italy invades Ethiopia 1936 Remilitarisation of Rhineland

13. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1933 Hitler, chancellor of Germany

14. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1933 Germany leaves the League of Nations

16. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1935 Germany: compulsory military service

18. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1935-1936 Italian invasion of Ethiopia

19. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1935-1936 Italian invasion of Ethiopia

21. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1936 Remilitarisation of Rhineland

22. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) GERMAN AND ITALIAN STEPS TOWARDS THE WAR (2) 1936 German and Italian intervention in Spain 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis 1936 Antikomintern Pact (Germany and Japan)

23. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1936 German-Italian intervention in Spain

24. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939)

26. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1936 Rome Berlin Axis

28. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1936 Antikomintern Pact

29. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1936 Antikomintern Pact

30. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) HOW DID THE DEMOCRATIC POWERS REACT TO HITLER’S DEMANDS Failure of the «Appeasement policy» March 1938 German annexation of Austria (Anschluss) September 1938 Munich Pact (Hitler obtained Sudetenland)

31. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1931 Lack of reaction to Japan’s attack on Manchuria

32. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1935 Lack of reaction to Italy’s attack on Abyssinia

33. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1936 Lack of reaction to Germany’s remilitarisation of Rhineland

34. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1938 Chamberlain and Von Ribbentrop

36. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1938 German annexation of Austria

37. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1938 German annexation of Austria

39. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1938 Munich Agreement

42. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) WHAT WAS THE LAST SPARK THAT TRIGGERED THE WAR? March 1939 Germany invades Czechosovakia. The end of appeasment. August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non Agression Treaty September 1939 Invasion of Poland  GB and France declared war on Germany

43. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1939 Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia

44. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1939 Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia

45. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1939 Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia First German poster in Prague, 15 March 1939. "Notice to the Population. By order of the Fuhrer and Supreme Commander of the German Wehrmacht. I have taken over, as of today, the executive power in the Land of Bohemia. Headquarters, Prague, 15 March 1939. Commander, 3rd Army, Blaskowitz, General of Infantry."

46. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) WHAT WAS THE LAST SPARK THAT TRIGGERED THE WAR? March 1939 Germany invades Czechosovakia August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non Agression Treaty September 1939 Invasion of Poland  GB and France declared war on Germany

47. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1939 Nazi-Soviet non agression pact

50. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1939 Nazi-Soviet carved up Poland

51. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) WHAT WAS THE LAST SPARK THAT TRIGGERED THE WAR? March 1939 Germany invades Czechosovakia August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non Agression Treaty September 1939 Invasion of Poland  GB and France declared war on Germany

52. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1939 Nazi invasion of Poland

55. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) Expansionist steps by Japan Expansionist steps by Germany and Italy Weak reaction of the democratic powers Final crisis: Invasion of Poland 1-9-1939

56. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1931 Invasion of Manchuria 1933 Germany left the L. of Nations 1935 Compusory Military Service in Germany 1936 Spanish Civil War Rome-Berlin Axis Antikomintern Pact 1935-36 Italian invasion of Ethiopia (Abbysinia)

57. The path to the Second World War (1931-1939) 1937 Sinojapanese war 1938 Anschluss Munich Agreement 1939 Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 German-Soviet non agression pact 1939 German invasion of Poland War breaks out

The path to the Second World War

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The path to the Second World War