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CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
CREATIVE WRITING
DEFINITION
Creative writing is writing that expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings
in an imaginative, often unique, and poetic way. It is guided more by the writers
need to express feelings and ideas than by restrictive demands of factual and logical
progression of expository writing. It is a form of artistic expression, draws on the
imagination to convey meaning through the use of imagery, narrative and drama.
This is in contrast to analytic or pragmatic forms of writing.
Creative writing is what happens when “the imagination takes over” says
poet and novelist, Gary Soto. It is the art that is much related to the heart, than to
the mind.
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2. GENRE
The word “genre” is French for type applied to literature.”Genres” is a
general term used to refer to the types of imaginative literature while there are many
types of literature, the basic genres include short stories, poetry, drama and novels.
GENRES OF CREATIVE WRITING
The main categories of Creative writing are:
• Poetry
• Drama
• Novel
• Short story
• Personal Essay
• Biography
• Autobiography
THE POETRY
“A poem should not mean but be”.
“Poetry is an imaginative response to experience reflecting a keen awareness
of language.”
Poetry is a form of literary art, where an imaginative awareness of
experience is expresses through meaning, sound and rhythmic language choices. It
is crisp in language and sharp in emotions. For achieving this, poetic elements like
metaphor, simile, alliteration and other such elements can be used. Under this
genre, there are different formats. They are:
• Lyric
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4. THE LYRIC
Lyric is a form of poetry expressing the poet’s personal thoughts and
emotions. This is intended for collective singing with the accompaniment of
instrumental music. It is principally an expression of a single emotion. This form is
suitable for conveying the poet’s impression swiftly, memorable and musically.
THE ODE
Ode is a serious and dignified composition, exalted in subject matter. It is an
often in the form of an address. Its expression is expected to be much more
consciously elaborate, impressive diffuse.
THE SONNET
Sonnet is a highly disciplined form of poetry which exercises control over
the theme of the poem. Since it has a ‘narrow range’ of fourteen lines, the theme as
well as structure must be so wedded as to produce a whole.
THE ELEGY
The form Elegy covers a wide range of subjects, both grave and gay, written
in the elegiac measure- A couplet composed of a dactylic hexameter followed by
dactylic pentameter.
THE IDYLL
Idyll has no set form. The poet may give it any form he pleases. Idyll is
associated wit relative brevity and pictorial effect, which is achieved by graphic
description.
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5. THE EPIC
Epic deals with a noble and exalted language, benefiting the words and deeds
of Gods and God-like heroes. It has a ‘grand style’. The action of the Epic is often
controlled by supernatural agents-the classical Gods and Goddesses. It is divided
into books, usually twelve in number.
THE BALLAD
The Ballad is a short story in verse. Its subjects are deeds rather than
thoughts. It sprang out of folk literature. The same lines are repeated from stanza to
stanza as a refrain.
THE SATIRE
A Satire may be defined as a literary composition whose principal aim to
ridicule folly or vice. It has no set literary form. It may be inspired by either a
personal grievance or a passion for reform.
THE DRAMA
Drama presents fiction or face in a form that could be acted before an
audience. Its full qualities are only revealed presentation on the stage. The
dramatist speaks through his characters. All drama sets forth a problem or a
conflict. In tragedy it is light and gay. The structure is the same in both cases. A
play requires the following:
• Exposition
• Complication
• Climax
• Denouement
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6. • Solution
TYPES OF DRAMA
• Tragedy
• Comedy
• Tragic-Comedy
• Farce
• Melodrama
• One-act play
• Dramatic Monologue
TRAGEDY AND COMEDY
Tragedy mainly deals with the dark side of life but it will have happy ending.
It aims at arousing fear and pity in the readers. Tragedy deals with the fate of
characters of king and noble persons. Comedy on the other hand aims at evoking
the audience’s laughter. It deals with the light side of life. Both tragedy and
comedy aim at giving pleasure to its audience.
TRAGIC-COMEDY
Tragic-Comedy is half tragedy and half comedy, mingled harmoniously
together. It is distinct from tragedy that contains comic relief and from comedy that
has a potentially tragic background. The comic relief in a tragedy serves only to
intensify the tragic effect. A Comedy with a tragic background similarly is a more
effective comedy.
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7. FARCE AND MELODRAMA
Farce is an exaggerated form of comedy and Melodrama is an exaggerated
form of tragedy. Farce aims at provoking hearty laughter. Though Farce may not
be a high form of dramatic art, it demands inventiveness, and craftsmanship.
Melodrama was originally assigned to a song but later the term starts signifying a
crudely sensational type of play.
ONE-ACT PLAY
The One-Act play is not the shortened version of full-length play. It is a
form by itself. Brevity is the soul of One-Act play.
STRUCTURE
Act I contain all introductory information and thus serve as exposition:
The main characters are introduced and by presenting a conflict. In act II the
main conflict starts to develop and characters are presented in greater detail. In act
III, the plot reaches its climax. A crisis occur where the deed is committed that will
lead to the catastrophe, and this brings about a turn in the plot. The act IV creates
new tension in that it delays the final catastrophe by further events. The fifth act
finally offers a solution to the conflict presented in the play. While Tragedies end in
a catastrophe, usually the death of the protagonist, comedies are simply ‘resolved’.
THE NOVEL
“Novel is a lengthy fictional story with a plot that is revealed by the speech,
action, and thoughts of the characters.”
A Novel is a long narrative in literary prose. A novel is defined by a
combination of its substance, its scope, its style and that it can be located along a
certain arc of the history of literature. It is mostly fictional and narrative in form. It
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8. has all accessories of drama, without requiring to be staged. There are different
types of novels, such as,
• Social novels
• Political novels
• Historical novels
• Detective novels
• Gothic novels
• Picaresque novels
• Allegorical novels
• Science fictions
• Psychological novels
SHORT STORY
The short story is a literary genre. Short Story is a fictional prose tale of no
specified length, but too short to be published as a volume on its own, as novel as
sometimes and novels usually are. A Short Story will normally concentrate on a
single event with only one or two characters, more economically than a novel’s
sustained exploration of social background. There seems no doubt that the Short
Story will long continue to meet the needs of authors and readers and to find new
material for its special purposes in a constantly changing world.
HISTORY
Short stories date back to oral story telling traditions which originally
produced epics such as Homer’s “Iliad” and Odyssey”.
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9. Short story peaks as a form in the mid twentieth century. The first years of
21st
century saw the emergence of a new generation of young writers including
Jumpha Lahiri, Karen Russell, etc… who joined traditional paper based literary
journals in casing show the work of emerging authors.
THE MODERN SHORT STORY
A work of art
The tales of adventure and moral tales of the past have no resemblance with
the modern short story. Short story in the hands of the modern masters is a perfect
work of art. The modern short story writer is an artist, who is a close observer of
life, a keen student of character and a master of style. Every subject, between heaven
and earth, is now regarded fit for the short story and it can be told in any manner
which may please the artist.
The modern short story is a work of art originated in the second quarter of
the 19th
century in America. Modern short story writers cannot be over estimated.
From America, the short story passed on to Europe and England. If we really want
to appreciate the short story as a form of art, we must not limit over selves to anyone
country but must try to study the great masters of this art in many countries.
The authors of the modern English short story “no longer attempt to make
daily life more entertaining by inventing exotic plots”
THE NOVEL AND THE SHORT STORY
The novel and the short story are two entirely different forms of literary aart,
each having its own rules of composition, its own usefulness and importance.
Sometimes extravagant claims are put forward for the short story. It is claimed that
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10. short story is the future form of fiction, and it would gradually replace the novel.
However popular the short story may be, it is not likely to displace the novel for the
very good reason that is cannot do what the novel does. So long as people are
interested in the representative type of modern literary art. Hence the short story
must not be regarded as a rival to, or as a substitute for the novel, but as a separate
literary form which has grown side by side with the novel and has come to occupy
an important place in literatures of the world.
THE DRAMA AND THE SHORT STORY
The short story is closely related to the drama in brevity. Both the dramatist
and the short story writer are handicapped by little space and little time. Drama, like
the short story, is a most rigorous form of literary art. Bothe, require a long
preliminary discipline in technique. Extreme condensation, extreme economy of
words, is essential for both the drama and the short story. But while the dramatist is
bound by the conditions of the stage and is everywhere hampered by those
conditions the short story writer has no such limitations. His complete immunity
from the conditions of the stage gives to the short story a freedom of movement, a
breadth and a flexibility, which the drama can never attain.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHORT STORY
♦ A focused purpose
♦ Setting details woven into text of the story, allowing the reader enter into the
story.
♦ Development of at least one character through his own words, thoughts and
actions and/or through those of another character.
♦ A tightly woven plot limited to one main idea or purpose.
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11. ♦ A problematic conflict which is developed as the story progresses.
♦ A resolution of that conflict
♦ Idea development through snapshots, thought shots, dialogue, description.
ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORY
Short story is a relatively brief fictional narrative or story written without
using any rhymes or rhythms. The short story has a beginning the middle and an end
and it is composed of the following elements.
CHARACTERS
The action of the story is centered around the characters in the story. One
central character usually dominates the story. These are two meanings for the
character.
The person in a work of fiction
The characteristics of a person
The person in a work of fiction
Protagonist-the main character that is faced with conflict.
Antagonist-the character of force that causes the conflict.
The characteristics of a person
Behavioural -information that discloses how a character
behaves (happy sad, kind, etc…)
Physical information- it discloses a character’s appearance.
SETTING
♦ Time and place of the action in which a story takes place is called setting.
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12. ♦ Atmosphere: The mood or feeling created by the setting
PLOT
The action or events of a story, usually shows how conflict, or struggle,
develops, and is settled. There are two kids of plot. External occurs with in the main
character’s mind. There are five parts of plot. They are Introduction or exposition,
raising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
STRUCTURE
The Short Story is not merely a greatly shortened novel. It shares the usual
constituents of all fiction-plot, character and settings, but they cannot be treated with
the same detail as in a novel. Each has to be reduced to the minimum in the interest
of the impression they are together intended to convey. All take the shortest route
towards, the “preconceive effect”.
POINT OF VIEW
The author choice’s of the teller of the story. The point of view is important
to the total structure and meaning of the short story.
1) First person
Narrator knows the thoughts and feeling of one character and speaks directly
to reader.
2) Third person
Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of one character but readers are
able to maintain some emotional distance from the character.
3) Third person omniscient
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13. Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all characters. Readers get
insight into several characters.
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES
Unity of Impression
Moment of crisis
Symmetry of design
UNITY OF IMPRESSION
Reviewing some of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s fiction in 1824. Poe attested that
the chief formal property of ‘The Short Prose Tale’ was ‘Unity of Impression’,
which he regarded as a product of conscious artistry: The author first ‘conceived,
with deliberate care, a certain unique or single effect to be wrought out’, and then
devised an appropriate narrative vehicle for conveying that.
V.S. Pritchett glosses what is incontestable in Poe’s dictum when he
remarks: “The wrong word, a misplaced paragraph, an inadequate phrase or a
convenient explanation, start fatal leaks in this kind of writing, which is formally
very close to poetry. It must be totally sustained”.
MOMENT OF CRISIS
A Dictionary of Literary Terms, edited by Sylvan Barnet Et. Al notes that
most frequently a short story writer of the nineteenth or twentieth century focuses on
a single character in a single episode, and rather than tracing his development,
reveals him at a particular moment; and as Theodore Stroud observes in his essay”.
A critical Approach to the short story”, this moment is frequently one at which the
13
14. character undergoes some decisive change in attitude or understanding, as when
Olga, in Chekhov’s ‘The Grasshopper’, suddenly recognizes her husband’s true
worth and her acute need of him just as he dies.
SYMMETRY OF DESIGN
Brander Matthew declares that ‘Symmetry of Design’ was a sine guenon in
the short story. Insistence on this quality accords with his view that a short story is
almost null, if it has no plot.
There are indeed two good reasons for discarding ‘symmetry of design’ as a
definitive term in critical parlance about the short story. One is that regarding
symmetry as requisite has not helped critics to talk discriminatingly an out the
structure of stories in which it actually is present; the other is that it has impeded
recognition of the fact that in many good stories symmetry is not present at all.
PERSONAL ESSAY
“Personal Essay is a piece of prose that expresses an individual’s point of
view; usually, it is a series of closely related paragraphs that combine to make a
complete piece of writing.”
Personal essay represent what we think, what we fell, about a given topic.
They represent our effort to communicate those thoughts and feelings to others. In
the purely personal essays, there is no effort to objectivity those thoughts. It is
usually in the first person point of view on informal essay on a personal subject, it
can be light and humorous, familiar and intimate in tone, subjective and so on.
14
15. According to writer Phillip Lopate, writing about the personal essay is the
process of exploring the “stomach growls,” the strong feeling you have some aspects
of your life.
15
16. BIOGRAPHY
A “biography is a description of someone’s life, usually published in the
form of a book or essay, or in some other form, such as a film. A biography is more
than a list of impersonal facts (education, work, relationships and death),it also
portrays the subject’s experience of those events. Unlike profile or curriculum vitae
(resume), a biography presents the subject’s story, highlighting various aspects of
his or her life, including intimate details of experiences, and may include an analysis
of the subject’s personality.
A work is biographical if it covers all of a person’s life. As such,
biographical works are usually non-fiction, but fiction can also be used to portray a
person’s life. One in-depth form of biographical coverage is called legacy writing.
BIOGRAPHY TYPES
• Popular biography
• Historical biography
• Literary biography
• Actionable biography
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
In an autobiography the author writes the story of his own life and
achievements. It obviously must suffer from, a congenital defect. I t can never be
complete for it must always come to an end before the death of the writer. From the
psychological point of view, no one can know so well as the autobiographer himself,
what motives prompted moments, secret hopes and ambitions and his real
aspirations. Great care has to be taken in making any comments on people who may
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17. be alive when the book appears. An artistic difficulty is that a biographer or
autobiographer was to omit the details of daily life that are common to everyone,
and must concentrate on what was striking or exceptional.
AUTO BIOGRAPHY TYPES
• Memoir
• Portrait
• Coming of age memoir
• Memoirs of place
• Ecological memoir
• Vocational and occupational memoirs
• Philosophical memoirs
• Religious autobiography
• New spiritual autobiography
• Historical memoir
• The travelogue
• Conceptual autobiography.
The following section presents the various stages that a creative writer
Should be going through the complete work of his/her
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18. PREWRITING
Choosing the topics
Although the writer doesn’t know how the imagination works, he/she does
know that exploring different ideas can trigger the imagination .To spark his/her
imagination and help to come up with a topic ,he/she can listen to popular songs, get
inspiration from nature.
Considering the Audience
Before starting to write the writer must keep in mind, about his/her audience.
Is he/she writing for himself/herself, his/her classmates, his/her teacher or someone
else? He/she must decide on his/her audience and think about how it will affect the
writing. For example, in a creative writing for a first grader ,he/she should use very
simple language and include details that a young child might enjoy. He/she must
keep the audience in mind, while developing and drafting the paper.
Considering the purpose
The writer’s purpose will also affect the writing. He/she must think of what
his/her writing to accomplish. Whether he/she wants to make his/her audience
laughs or make them cry? Obviously, the answer to that question will have a major
impact on the way of writing. The type of language he/she uses and the choice of
words depend to a great extent upon the purpose of the writer.
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19. GATHERING DETAILS
Before beginning he/she must gather the details that he/she will use. If he/she
is writing a short story, he/she must gather details about the setting ,plot, and
characters. The setting is the time and place where the action occurs. The characters
are the persons or animals that take part in the action.
DRAFTING
Good writers show; they don’t merely tell. When he/she writes a short story,
he/she must make sure his/her characters use language that clearly expresses their
individual personality’s .He/she must think about the personalities of each of his/her
characters and their habits, likes and dislikes. The writer wants to convey their
personalities through what they say and way they speak.
REVISING AND EDITING
Revising his/her work
After finishing drafting, it is time to reread his/her writing. It helps to
improve the writing. It can be done on the basis of how it can be done more
effectively.
Having a peer Review of his/her work
After the writer has revised his/her own work, he/she can give it to one of
his/her classmates to review it. His/her classmate’s suggestions can guide in making
final revisions.
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20. PROOF READING
After the writer has revised his/her work, he/she has to check it carefully for
the errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar. Such errors can detract from the
image are on scene and make the work difficult to read.
While writing the dialogue, he/she presents the words that each person says.
Quotation marks show where a speaker’s words begin and end. Begin a quotation
with a capital letter and enclose the entire quotation in quotation marks. Remember
to use a comma to separate a quotation from words that identify the speaker.
Capitalize the first word of a quotation and begin a new paragraph each time a
different person speaks.
The importance of revising and editing is stressed by Gary Sato as
When you revise a poem, what
You have to look for is
Insincere writing or loose
Language-words that can
Be cut out… I have to shave
Language so that it’s concise and
Succinct and…a pleasure to
The ear and to the eye. (MC Collum.1996:259)
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21. PUBLISHING AND PRESENTING
Presenting the creative writing to the audience can be by reading it aloud or
by choosing some art work to accompany a printed version of it. A poetry festival
can provide opportunity for many people to enjoy it. Perfect organization, wide
advertisement, pre-planned action can make the presentation beautiful. For
presentation of a performance, pick a cast for the play and choose a director.
Costumes, stage settings, props must be aptly selected. By these techniques one can
exhibit the talents of him, to the entire world.
The next chapter present my collection of poems entitled
A COLLECTION OF POEMS
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22. CHAPTER – II
1.TRUE BEAUTY
True beauty is not in face
But,
True beauty is in the way she laughs
True beauty is in her eyes
True beauty is in how she acts
True beauty is inside
True beauty is unseen
True beauty is only felt
True beauty is herself
True beauty is within you
True beauty is always there
True beauty can’t be covered with makeup
True beauty means true love
True beauty is all that matters.
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23. 2. MY CHILDHOOD
My childhood was filled
With family and friends
My childhood was filled
With love that tied up loose ends
This was my childhood.
My childhood came
With a grandmother that cared
When she left me
I remembered all the times we shared
This was my childhood.
My childhood was filled
With classwork and homework
.My childhood was filled
With parents who loved work
This was my childhood.
My childhood was filled
With lots of happy holidays
Holidays that aren’t
Just the same nowadays
This was my childhood
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24. Now my childhood
Has become nothing but memories
But all the good times
Will live on within me
This was my childhood.
24
25. 3. SOME PEOPLE
Some people want to die
Some people want to live
Some people want to take
Some people want to give
Some people have family
Some people have friends
Some people need the help
Some people want to share
Some people are weak
Some people are strong
Some people are pretty
Some people are smart
Some people are wise
Some people fools
Some people have no mind
Some people have no heart
These are the qualities of people.
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26. 4. ANGER
Anger is anger
Anger makes you scream
Anger makes you hate
Anger takes control
Anger wants you to hurt
Anger wants you to suffer
Anger makes you mad
Anger makes you cry
Anger turns people against you
Anger is anger.
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27. 5. THE OCEAN
The ocean is beautiful
The ocean is a mystery
The ocean is a huge monster
The ocean is never ending
The ocean is silent
The ocean is noisy
The ocean is nature
The ocean is a time traveler
The ocean is enjoyable
The ocean is love
The ocean is eternal
The ocean is give all.
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28. 6. RED
Red the colour of blood
the symbol of love
Red the colour of danger
the symbol of death
Red the colour of roses
the symbol of beauty
Red the colour of lovers
the symbol of unity
Red the colour of tomato
the symbol of good health
Red the colour of hot fire
the symbol of burning desire
Red the colour of power
the symbol of energy
Red the colour of wine
the symbol of celebration
Red the primary colour
the symbol of production
Red the colour of carpet
the symbol of honour
Red the colour of an alert
the symbol of readiness.
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29. 7. MONEY
Money is precious money is power
Money is a devil cunning and evil
Source of war destruction of nations.
Money causes hatred money unites
Money is lovely it attracts like a magnet
Cupboard love is given for money.
Money is a master it instructs we surrender
Money has rules we follow blindly
Cheating and stealing are done for money.
Money gives power money gives respect
Money can earn you a stay in a coffin
Root of evil , source of happiness.
Money is wonderful, money is eden
Money is a murderer it kills like a cobra
Rejoice with money cry for money.
Money is a stinging bee, money is delicious
Money is sweet as sweet honey
Once you lick it you’ll die for money.
Money and power are closely related
Money is power, power is money
Too much money may mean power and misery.
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30. 8. BROTHERS
Brothers are family,
And brothers are friends,
Brothers stick together,
Brothers have no end,
Brothers part from time to time,
But come together again,
And be themselves,
No need to pretend,
Because….,
Brothers are family,
And brothers are friends,
Brothers stick together,
BROTHERS have no end…..
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31. 9. COURAGE
Courage I need
I need the courage to control my instincts
The courage I need to face my fears
I need the courage to see the future
The courage I need to compare facts and opinion
I need the courage to think right
The courage I need to see if my friends trust me
I need the courage to ask questions
The courage I need to survive
I need the courage to convince myself to do something
I have to prepare myself for anything that comes up!
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32. 10. ROSES
People say Roses are Red ,
Then, Red Roses for my passionate love to you
People say Roses are Pink,
Then, Pink Roses to show that I admire you
People say Roses are Yellow,
Then, Yellow Roses to brighten your day
People say roses are lavender,
Then, lavender roses to say that I love you at my first sight
People say roses are orange,
Then orange roses to say that I want to build a relationship with you
And,
People say roses are white,
Then, the white rose for the purity and confession of my heart
To confess in my heart that I am truly falling in love with you.
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33. CHAPTER-III
BIBLIOGRAPHY
B.Prasath- “A background to the study of English Literature”
www.poemhumter.com
Bell Arthur, Thomas Klammer,1983 The Practising
Writer.Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Kirszner and mandell.1985 writing A college Rhetoric. Newyork
Sebranek Patrick.1997.Write for college- A student Handbook,
Massachusetts:Houghton Mifflin company.
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