DAC , Digital to analog Converter

1. Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

2. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC or D-to-A) is a device that converts a digital
(usually binary) code to an analog signal (current, voltage, or electric charge). An analog-
to-digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse operation .

3. Basic ideal operation
The DAC fundamentally converts finite-precision numbers
(usually fixed-point binary numbers) into a continuously varying physical
quantity, usually an analogue electrical voltage.
In an ideal DAC, the numbers are output as a sequence of impulses, that
are then filtered by a reconstruction filter. This would, in principle,
reproduce a sampled signal precisely up to the Nyquist frequency,
although a perfect reconstruction filter cannot be practically constructed
as it has infinite phase delay; and there are errors due to quantisation .

4. DAC Characteristics:
1. Resolution
2. Offset Error
3. Gain Error
4. Monotonicity
5. Relative Accuracy

22. DACs are used in many other applications, such as voice
synthesizers, automatic test system, and process control actuator.
In addition, they allow computers to communicate with the real
(analog) world.
Register
Voltage
Switch
Resistive
Summing
Network
Amplifier
Input Binary
Number
Analog Voltage
Output