Crude Oil / Petroleum Product Transportation, Typical Mode Wise Transportation Crude Oil & Petroleum Products- Industry, Tankers, Jetty, Pipelines, Petroleum Product Pipeline Operation, Pipelines System: Crude Oil Transportation, Europe Gas Pipeline, Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP), Pipelines System: Gas Transportation, Gas Transmission, Advantages of Pipeline Transportation

1. Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation
Crude Oil / Petroleum Product
Transportation
Hassan Z. Harraz
hharraz2006@yahoo.com
2014- 2015
This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as
handouts to students, and is provided in Power point format so as to
allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors.
Permission of the author and publisher is required for any other usage.
Please see hharraz2006@yahoo.com for contact details.

2.  Crude Oil / Petroleum Product Transportation
 Typical Mode Wise Transportation Crude Oil & Petroleum Products- Industry
 Tankers
 Jetty
 Pipelines:
 Petroleum Product Pipeline Operation
 Pipelines System: Crude Oil Transportation
 Europe Gas Pipeline
 Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP)
 Pipelines System: Gas Transportation
 Gas Transmission
 Advantages of Pipeline Transportation
 Advantages of Pipelines
Outline:
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

3. Crude Oil / Petroleum Product Transportation

4. Mode wise transportation of Crude
Oil and Petroleum Products.
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

5. INDIA
Rail
16%
USA
Road
14%
Coastal
18%
Pipelines
52%
Typical Mode Wise Transportation
Crude Oil & Petroleum Products- Industry
Dependence on road and rail infrastructure is putting severe strain on these infrastructures.
** Source : Association of Oil Pipelines,
http://www.aopl.org/pdf/Shift_Report_2008_FINAL1.pdf
* Source : PPAC
Haulage – MT-Km basis
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

6. Present Transport Modal-Mix - Industry
43%
32%
19%
6%
Pipeline Coastal Rail Road
Inter-Modal Mix- Industry Vs. IOCL Petroleum
products
Present Transport Modal-Mix - IOCL
Capacity (MMT) basis
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

7. Present Transport Modal-Mix - Industry
Inter-Modal Mix for Transportation of Crude Oil- Industry Vs. IOCL
Present Transport Modal-Mix - IOCL
Capacity (MMT) basis As in 2010-11
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

8. IndianOil

9. Tankers
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

10. Jetty

11. Pipeline
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation
Transportation Pipeline: Long pipe with large diameter, moving products (natural gas,
petroleum products) between cities, countries, continents.

12. Pipeline Transportation
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation
Pipelines System:
 Crude Oil Transportation
 Gas Transportation
 Transportation Pipeline: Long
pipe with large diameter, moving
products (natural gas, petroleum
products) between cities,
countries, continents.
 Pipelines are owned by shippers
or operating companies
 Land is owned by corporate,
private (right-of-way) and public
(federal, state, local)
 Material in pipeline is owned by
the shipper.

13. CRUDE OIL IN SHIPS
FLOATING HOSES
CROSS COUNTRY PIPELINE
REFINERY TANKAGE
UNDER BUOY HOSES
PIPELINE END MANIFOLD
OFFSHORE / ONSHORE
PIPELINE
SHORE TANKAGES
PUMPING UNITS
SPM SYSTEM
OIL FIELDS
OFFSHORE LINE GATHERING STATION
Pipelines System: Crude Oil Transportation
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

14. REFINED PRODUCT
FROM REFINERIES
IMPORTED / OTHER PRODUCT
IN SHIP/OIL JETTY
PUMPING STATION
DELIVERY TERMINAL
PUMPING CUM DELIVERY STATIONS OR DELIVERY STATION
TANKAGESREFINERY’s PRODUCT
TANKAGE
Pipelines System: Product Transportation
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

15. Transportation Pipeline Operation
Pipeline field devices include:
 instrumentation,
 data gathering units and
 communication systems.
Operating equipment is installed along the pipeline at specific locations such as injection
or delivery stations, pump stations (liquid) or compressor stations (gas), and block valve
stations.
Pipelines are controlled remotely from a central control room. Pipeline operating data is
transmitted from RTUs along the pipeline. All data related to field measurement is
consolidated into a single database.
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

16. Transportation Strategy SCMN
4780
Petroleum Product Pipeline Information
• Liquid products move through pipelines at a rate of 3 – 8 miles per hour.
• Interstate pipelines deliver over 11.3 billion barrels of petroleum each year.
• 52% of the petroleum transported by pipelines is crude oil and 47% is in the form of
refined petroleum products.
• Due to the significantly high volumes, liquid pipelines are the only feasible method for
moving the quantities of petroleum that America requires to keep going each day.
• Replacing a modest-sized pipeline (150K barrels per day) would require:
 750 tanker truck loads per day, a load delivered every 2 minutes around the clock.
 225-car train to arrive and be unloaded every day.
• Pipelines have environmental and safety benefits. Compared to other transportion
modes, pipelines do not congest highways and produce negligible air pollution.
• Pipelines have a lower spill rate per barrel of oil transported than competing modes
of transportation, namely trucks and barges.

17. Transportation Strategy SCMN
4780
Petroleum Product Pipeline Operation
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

18. Gas Transmission
Liquefaction
Cryogenic
Vessels
Terminals
Like Dahej
Cryogenic Truck/
Rail transport
Cryogenic
Storage tanks
End Users
Re-gasification
Power /
Fertilizer
18

19. Transportation Strategy SCMN
4780
Natural Gas Pipeline Information
• Natural gas pipelines connected to each other would stretch to / from the moon 3X.
• Robotic devices (pigs) are used to evaluate the inside of a pipeline to ensure it is
safe. Pigs get their name due to the squealing sound they make when they travel
through the pipelines.
• Pipelines are constructed of different material depending on size, pressure
requirements and use. Transmission pipes, pipes used to transport gas from supply
areas to distribution centers, are made of ¼ - ½ inch thick steel with special coating to
protect against corrosion.
• Transmission pipelines are protected by an electrical shield called cathodic
protection. This barrier is achieved by applying an electrical current to the pipeline.
• 98% of the natural gas transported / used in the US comes from North America.
• INGAA members operate over 202,000 miles of natural gas pipelines.
• Natural gas first placed in a transmission line receives a pressure of up to 1,500 psi.
By the time it reaches a household piping system, pressure has been reduced to less
than 0.25 psi or the pressure created by a child blowing bubbles through a straw.

20. PIPELINE

21. Pipe line
November 23, 2015 21

22. Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

23. Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

26. Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP), Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt

27. Arab Gas Pipeline (AGP), Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt
The first 250km of the pipeline in Egypt starts at Arish and ends
at Taba on the Red Sea.
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

28. Egyptian Petroleum
Products Pipeline
Network

29. Advantages of Pipeline Transportation
 Lower cost of transportation
 Lower transit losses
 Lower energy intensiveness
 Economies of scale
 Safety and Reliability - minimum disruptions
 Environment-friendliness
 Multi-product handling
 Flexibility
 Stationary carrier
 Augmentation at low cost
 Minimal land costs
 Decongestion of surface transport systems
Pipelines are the best suited mode for transportation of
large volumes of petroleum over long leads.
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation

30. Typical Advantages of Pipelines
Lower cost of
transportation
about 30-50% of
the railway
freight and 4 to 5
times cheaper
than road
transportation
Lower transit
losses
PL- 0.05% Max.,
Railway- 0.25%,
Road- 0.5%
Energy efficient
Railway mode
consumes 3-4
times and road
mode about 20
times more
energy than
Pipeline mode
Safety and
Reliability
minimum
disruptions
Environment
friendly
3-4 times lesser
Carbon
emissions than
Railway mode
Prof. Dr. H.Z. Harraz Presentation
Pipeline mode of transportation has some inherent advantages over other conventional
modes of transportation. Some of the salient advantages of pipeline mode is brought out on
the slide.