The present work is carried out to evaluate the fuel qualities and adaptability of waste plastic oil as an alternative fuel for CI engine. The blends used for this study were D100and D90WPF10. The physico-chemical properties of these samples were analyzed and found that it has almost similar properties to that of diesel and waste plastic oil –blends was also tested as a fuel in a D.I. diesel engine and its performance characteristics were analyzed and compared with diesel fuel and it is found that the blend of 10% waste plastic oil with diesel can be good substitute for diesel engine in near future.

1. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 4, April (2014), pp. 90-95 © IAEME
90
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION STUDY OF WASTE PLASTIC OIL AND
DIESEL BLEND IN D.I. SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE
Rajan Kumar1
, M.K.Mishra2
, S.K.Singh3
, Arbind kumar4
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad
2
Department of chemistry, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad
3
Director, BIT Sindri, Dhanbad
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT Mesra, Ranchi
ABSTRACT
The present work is carried out to evaluate the fuel qualities and adaptability of waste plastic
oil as an alternative fuel for CI engine. The blends used for this study were D100and D90WPF10.
The physico-chemical properties of these samples were analyzed and found that it has almost similar
properties to that of diesel and waste plastic oil –blends was also tested as a fuel in a D.I. diesel
engine and its performance characteristics were analyzed and compared with diesel fuel and it is
found that the blend of 10% waste plastic oil with diesel can be good substitute for diesel engine in
near future.
Key words: Diesel Engine, Physico-Chemical, Performance and Emission.
INTRODUCTION
Plastic is a macromolecule polymer, formed by polymerization of hydrocarbon materials and
it has the ability to be shaped by the application of reasonable amount of heat and pressure. Plastics
contain compounds such as carbon monoxide, sulfur and nitrogen [1]. Plastics are being used all over
the world, and afterwards, these plastics turn into waste plastics. At the same time, waste plastics
have created a very serious environmental challenge because of their huge quantities and their
disposal problems. The waste plastics either end up in landfill or incineration. The waste plastic that
ends up in the landfill when littered does not degrade for thousands of years causing lands to become
infertile and environmentally unsafe for its habitants around them. Due to excessive amount of waste
plastics discarded everyday a large amount of them end up in incineration facilities. When
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2. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 4, April (2014), pp. 90-95 © IAEME
91
incinerated, waste plastics release toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), which causes health
hazards, sulfur dioxides (SO2) when incinerated, which contributes to acid rain, nitrogen oxides
(NOx) which contribute to ozone depilation and acid rain, and carbon dioxide (CO2), greenhouse
gases that contribute to global warming. Many researchers have been conducted to convert waste
plastics into renewable energy sources. This is possible because plastics are originally made from
crude oil. Crude oil is a very limited natural resource that is used to make transportation fuel, plastics
and other products. Crude oil is a non-renewable energy source and since it is a natural resource it
will deplete in the near future. Successful methods have been carried out to convert waste plastics
into liquid based fuels. These methods include various procedures to convert the waste plastics such
as Pyrolysis, in which the contents of waste plastics are thermally degraded to produce liquid-based
fuels and other products without the presence of oxygen [2-4].
OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT WORK
The objective of this study is to investigate the fuel qualities and adaptability of oil, which
were synthesized from mixed plastic waste in direct injection single cylinder diesel engine.
Materials and Methods
Waste plastic oil used provided by Poly-Crack Technology (STEP), Mumbai and Diesel fuel
purchased from local petrol station. The fuel blends were prepared by mixing waste plastic fuel with
diesel fuel.
Table1: Test Fuel Nomenclatures
Sl. No. Sample ID Composition (by vol %)
1 D100 100% diesel fuel
2 D90WPF10 90% diesel and 10% waste plastic oil
Methods
Physico-chemical Studies
Diesel and waste plastic oil were mixed into a homogenous blend by magnetic stirrer and two
samples of different composition were prepared. The properties studied were the Density, Viscosity,
flash point, fire point, calorific values; Standard methods (i.e. ASTM and I.P.) were used in the
experiments.
The Engine: A single -cylinder, four-stoke 5HP; diesel engine is selected for the study. The Bore
and the stoke lengths are 80mm and 110 mm respectively. The engine ran on four Different load
conditions at 33%, 50%, 66%, 83% and full load.
Performance Test: The following engine performance parameters were computed for above two
samples, Brake thermal Efficiency, Brake specific fuel Consumption, brake specific energy
conversion, brake mean effective pressure, air fuel ratio and volumetric efficiency.
Emission Test: Exhaust temperature has been measured and also smoke is measured by Automotive
Emission Analyzer HG-540.

3. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 4, April (2014), pp. 90-95 © IAEME
92
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Determination of physico-chemical properties
Table 2: Comparison of properties of blended plastic oil with diesel and diesel
The results of chemical and physical properties of blended waste plastic oil with diesel and
diesel are shown in table 2.It are clear that the density of both the oil is approximately same. The
viscosity of blended oil is slightly lower than that of diesel, which goes in favor of D90WPF10.The
flash point of blended oil is slightly higher than that of diesel, so the blended oil is safer fuel for
storing and transportation than that of diesel.
PERFORMANCE TEST ON CI ENGINE
The performance test was conducted in the thermal engineering Laboratory of BIT Mesra,
Ranchi. Before testing, the fuel supply tube was connected to a suitably calibrated burette fitted
along the side of especially designed cylindrical tank fixed on a wooden stand of suitable height.
When it was required to measure the fuel consumption, the valve was closed so that the fuel could
flow into the engine through filter from the graduated burette. Engine speed was measured using
Tachometer and the time for a known volume of fuel (10cc.) consumption was measured using stop
watch.
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
Brakethermalefficiency,%
Load, %
D 90W PF 10
D 100
Fig 1: Variation of thermal efficiency with load
Sample ID/Properties D90WPF10 D100
Density (g/cm³) at 35ºC 0.804 0.80
Viscosity(cp) at 35ºC 10.4 10.71
Flash point (o
C) 65 61
Calorific Values (MJ/Kg) 44.87 45.35
Acid Number(Mg KOH/g) --- 0.03
Pour Point (o
C) -5 -6
Cold Filter Plugging point (o
C) --- 1
Cloud point (o
C) ---- 1

4. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 4, April (2014), pp. 90-95 © IAEME
93
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
D90WPF10
D100
Brakethermalefficiency,%
Brake Power, kW
Fig. 2: Variation of thermal efficiency with load
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32 D90WPF10
D100
Brakespecificfuelconcumption,kg/kW-hr
Load, %
Fig. 3: Variation of brake specific fuel consumption with load
3 0 4 0 50 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 00
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
D 9 0 W P F 1 0
D 1 0 0
HCemission,ppm
L o a d , %
Fig. 4: Variation of Hydrocarbon emission with load

5. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 4, April (2014), pp. 90-95 © IAEME
94
3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0
0 .0 0
0 .0 2
0 .0 4
0 .0 6
0 .0 8
COemission,%
L o a d , %
D 9 0 W P F 1 0
D 1 0 0
Fig. 5: Variation of CO emission with load
Fig. 6: Variation of CO2 emission with load
3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
O
2
emission,%
L o a d , %
D 9 0 W P F 1 0
D 1 0 0
Fig. 7: Variation of O2 emission with load
3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 2 0 0
1 4 0 0
NO
x
emission,ppm
L o a d , %
D 9 0 W P F 1 0
D 1 0 0
Fig. 8: Variation of NOx emission with load
3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0
0
2
4
6
8
1 0
CO
2
emission,%
L o a d , %
D 9 0 W P F 1 0
D 1 0 0

6. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 4, April (2014), pp. 90-95 © IAEME
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Figure.1 shows the variation of thermal efficiency with the engine load. Figure.2 shows the
variation of thermal efficiency with brake power. Figure 3 shows the variation of brake specific fuel
consumption with load. The brake thermal efficiency increases with the increase in load for both the
fuel. The brake thermal efficiency of D90WPF10 is found to be little higher than diesel. The
maximum thermal efficiency at full load is found to be 36.45 and 36.63 for D100 and D90WPF10
respectively. The higher thermal efficiency may be due to the additional lubricity provided by the
blended fuel [5]. The brake thermal efficiency also increases with the increase in brake power for
both the oil tested. It is found that the thermal efficiency of D90WPF10 is slightly higher than diesel
for the same power output. The BSFC is comparative parameter that shows how efficiently an engine
is converting fuel into work [6]. The brake specific fuel consumption decreases with the increase in
load for both the fuel. The BSFC of D100 is found to be little lower than D90WPF10. The
hydrocarbon emission of D100 is found to be little higher than diesel. The CO emission of D100 is
found to be little higher than D90WPF10.CO2 is a desirable byproduct that is produced, when the
carbon form fuel is fully oxidized during the combustion process. The increase in % CO2 with load
indicates good combustion [7]. The CO2 emission for D100 is also found to be slightly higher than
diesel. The NOx emission of D90WPF10 is found to be lower than diesel. The O2 emission for both
the fuel is found to be approximately same.
CONCLUSION
The observation made in the present work were the part of ongoing research work, in which
the main objective is to evaluate the suitability of the oil from waste plastic with respect to the
physico-chemical properties, and its performance and emission, as an extended fuel for diesel engine.
Test results showed that the thermal efficiency, BSFC, HC emission, CO and CO2 emission and NOx
emission of blended fuel were within the acceptable range. After analysis it is observed that the
blended oil from the waste plastic can be used in CI engine without any engine modification.
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