Science of land investments
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The document discusses the role of science in issues related to land, water, food, energy, and climate. It notes that science provides an understanding of facts and can inform policymaking. The document examines the water-food-energy nexus and how increasing demands will impact sustainability. It also explores how climate and agriculture intersect, with agriculture both impacted by and contributing to climate change. The document then analyzes what science says about large-scale land investments, finding uncertainty around their impacts and benefits to local communities.
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Science of land investments
- 1. Science: driving or preventing large-scale land investments? Elaborating on the nexus among Land, Water, Food, Energy and Climate.
- 2. Table of Contents What is the role of Science in tackling such issues? Water, Food and Energy nexus Two driving/limiting factors: climate and land Large scale land acquisition: what does the Science say?
- 3. Defining science "Science is the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.” UK Science Council Science is about the travel, not the destination. “Science is a culture of doubt.” Richard Feynman Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 4. Why should the opinion of Science matter? Science is a key engine to expand our understanding of facts Science as a catalyst for discussion and engagement Science as a driver for Policy Making Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 5. Which Science are we talking about? Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 6. Which Science are we talking about? Academies & Science societies Public/Private Universities Industry science Governmental research institutes Independent research groups Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 7. What challenges do most of scientists face? Complexity Uncertainty Siloed approaches still spreading Shrinking resources Telling the rest of the world all of the above Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 8. My two cents, today “The opposite of a great truth is also true.” Niels Bohr Agriculture is a game-changer, and land is the battlefield Rural Development Gender Climate change WEF nexus Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 9. Unfolding intricacies: the WEF nexus Increase in population and overall quality of life Demand for water, food and energy: +30/50% between 2010 and 2030 Short-term response induced by disparities likely to have heavy effects on longer-term sustainability Any strategy focusing on one side only risks severe unattended consequences World Economic Forum, 2011 Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 10. Unfolding intricacies: WEF and Agriculture Earth at Night (Suomi NPP satellite, 2012) Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 11. Climate as a driving force Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 12. Climate vs Agriculture Food production: decrease by up to 2% each decade for 21st century Global food demand: increase by as much as 14% each decade Extreme weather increase risks to food production IPCC leaked report Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 13. Agriculture vs Climate Agriculture = major contributor of methane and nitrous oxide Agriculture accounts as much as transport & industry emissions CCAFS CGIAR Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 14. Land: the battlefield Industry Energy Food Land Public Community Water Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 15. Large-scale land investments: what is Science saying? Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 16. Large-scale land investments: data & approach issues Data and information gap “Researchers needed to make multiple contacts and meetings with governmental officers to access even superficial and incomplete information” L. Cotula, 2009 Emergence of key partners outside traditional scientific communities Two main strategies Data gathering from public reports Data gathering form official governmental registries Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 17. Large-scale land investments: what is Science saying? How much? “There will never be a single, „true‟ figure for how much land have been acquired globally or even in a given country” L. Cotula 2013 Land Matrix: 50M Ha worldwide over 10 years Reports built on GRAIN data: 56M Ha of agricultural-based deals Reports built on International Land Coalition data: 51-63M Ha in Africa 2008-2010 Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 18. Large-scale land investments: what is Science saying? When? Large-scale land acquisition has deep historical roots Colonial land acquisition State-driven land acquisition Land acquisition of local elites Today land deals Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 19. Large-scale land investments: what is Science saying? Where? Sub-Saharan Africa South and South-East Asia Soviet Eurasia South, Central America & Caribbean region Domestic land acquisition Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 20. Large-scale land investments: what is Science saying? Who? China & Korea Gulf States & Lybia More prominently: Western World Regional companies Local intermediaries But also Brazil South-East Asian emerging economies Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 21. Large-scale land investments: what is Science saying? Why? 5Fs: Food Feed Fuel (including wood) Fiber Finance Water grabs Green Grabs Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 22. Large-scale land investments: what is Science saying? Is it working? High uncertainty about how large-scale land investments can benefit local communities Evidence is about what did not work No durable benefits [job] Acquisition is generally an irreversible process Many failures due to poor assessment of investment proposals by local governments Poor consultation mechanism Conflict Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 23. What could be the way forward? Develop science more inter- and trans- disciplinary Promote crosspollination of academia and practice Improving Communication tools Engage a broader community Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
- 24. Thank you, it was my pleasure! Read: www.simonesala.it Write: simone.sala@gmail.com Tweet: @hereissimone Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna – Pisa – November 8, 2013
Notes de l'éditeur
- Power Africa Initiative has less than 0.5% of $7Billion total funding targeted towards renewable energy