1. A warm welcome
to
Honorable Panel Members
of
4th International conference on
Advances in Energy Research
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
10/12/2013

2. Enhancement of Thermal Storage
System Using Phase Change Material
By
Dr. Sanjay A. Khot
Principal, Sharad Institute of Technology, College of
Engineering Ichalkaranji. (Maharashtra) India.
sakhot.2000@gmail.com
Paper no 91

3. Abstract

Need to develop efficient, economical solar thermal energy
storage (TES) devices.
 Use of savE® HS-58 phase change material (PCM) for the
improvement of the thermal storage system for domestic use.



Experimental investigation: laboratory model of 10 liters per day
capacity of system with 26% of volume occupied by PCM,
improvement in thermal storage capacity is 22%
Thermal storage system using PCM can be used with higher size
solar collector or amount of storage can be reduced for the same
size solar collector.
Prospects for the development of better and economical
storage system.

4. Solar Energy Option
 The Earth receives 1.8 x 1017 W of incoming solar radiation




continuously at top of its atmosphere.
India’s solar power reception on its land area is about 5000
trillion kWh per year.
India has nearly 250-300 clear sunny days and average daily
solar energy incidence varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2. Thus sun
provides unlimited supply of energy.
Bridges the gap between the demand and supply of
electricity.
Reduces the use of conventional energy, which usually
results in a decrease in GHG emissions.

5. Thermal Energy Storage
 Sensible Heat Storage
Liquid media storage such as water, oil based
fluids, molten salts etc. and solid media storage like
rocks, bricks, and metals etc.
 Latent Heat Storage
Phase change from solid to liquid or liquid to gas
or vice versa. It provides a higher thermal energy
storage densities.
Able to absorb or release large quantities of energy
as latent heat at a constant temperature by
undergoing a change of phase.

6. Fig. 1.5 Classification of PCM

7. Table 1.1 Comparison of various heat storage media
(Stored energy = 5000 kJ, ∆T = 32.8oC)
HEAT STORAGE MATERIAL
Property
HS-58
PW
Water
DM
TM 66
CI
Rock
CON
56.9
59.8
*
*
*
*
*
*
247
190
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.5
2.15
4.19
2.20
2.10
0.54
0.88
0.88
Density kg/m3
1300
790
1000
867
750
7200
1600
2200
storage mass ,
kg
14. 87
19.66
39.91
76.01
79.63
309.6
190
189.60
Relative mass **
1.000
1.320
2.497
4.755
4.981
19.37
11.8
11.860
0.012
0.025
0.040
0.088
0.106
0.04
0.2
0.086
1
2.024
3.246
7.130
8.634
3.49
9.6
7.008
Melting Point
oC
latent heat of
fusion kJ/kg
specific heat
kJ/kgK
Storage volume
m3
Relative Volume
**
**Relative mass and volume are based on heat storage in HS-58
PW- Paraffin Wax, DM- Dowtherm.A, TM66- Therminal 66,
CI- Cast Iron, CON- Concrete

8. Efficiency of FPC and ETC as a function of operating temperature

9. Data of CSWHS and PCMSWHS for economic analysis
Sr no.
Particular
CSWHS
PCMSWHS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Thermal storage tank capacity , LPD
Surface area of solar collector, m2
Operating temperature, oC
Solar collector thermal efficiency, η
Energy absorbed in the collector, kJ
Number of PCM balls
Mass of PCM, kg
Quantity of water, ltrs
Sensible heat stored by PCM, kJ
Latent heat stored by PCM , kJ
Sensible heat stored by water, kJ
Total heat stored , kJ
Initial cost of solar system,
Government subsidy @ 33%,
Net cost of system less subsidy,
Initial down payment,
Loan amount ,
Rate of interest
Repayment of loan, no of years
Annual expenses for first 5 years pa
Annual expenses for after 5 years pa
Rate at which maintenance cost increases annually
Cost of conventional fuel saving,
Rate at which energy cost increases annually
Cost of conventional equipment,
100
2
70
50 %
18000
00
00
100
00
00
18000
18000
20000
6600
13400
2680
10720
5%
5
-400
5%
9600
5%
5500
100
2.3
60
56%
23184
239
43.98
47
4617.48
10882.07
8306.16
23785.71
23000
7590
15410
3082
12328
5%
5
900
1300
5%
12684
5%
5500

10. Literature Review- Concluding Remarks
• Work undertaken in this project on experimentally
investigating
– Experimental investigation using multiple
capsules filled with HS-58 PCM inside thermal
storage system.
– Experimental investigation using multiple
capsules filled without PCM inside thermal
storage system is done.

11. Further scope for improvement in efficiency of solar water
heating systems.
Designs are of preliminary in nature
No standardized commercial design and system is available in
international market.
Need of an extensive and systematic investigation for use of
commercial PCMs available in the market having comparable
thermal properties.
Labratory model of solar water heating system using
commercial PCM HS-58 is proposed.
Little work is reported on the use of HS-58 PCM for domestic
solar water heating system.
Suitable thermophysical properties compared to other PCMs.

12. Experimental Set Up Of Thermal Storage
System Using PCM

13. Experimental Set Up Of Thermal
Storage System Without PCM

14. Schematic of thermal storage tank and
thermocouples positions

16. Photograph of Experimental Setup

18. Performance of Thermal Storage System
Using HS-58 PCM
• Experimental investigation of thermal storage tank
using combination of PCM and water
• Experimental investigation of thermal storage tank
without PCM
• Comparison of average temperature of water with
and without PCM
• Improvement in performance using PCM

19. Temperature time variation of PCM during
controlled energy input
A1
A0
80
B0
70
C1
C0
TEMPERATURE , o C
60
D0
B1
50
D1
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
TIME , min
40
50
60

20. Temperature time variation of Water
during controlled energy input
100
90
80
TEMPERATURE, oC
70
60
5CT
50
6CL
6CR
40
5CB
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
TIME, min
40
50
60

21. Temperature time variations of PCM during no
heat input
90
80
A0
A1
B0
70
B1
TEMPERATURE, oC
C0
C1
60
D0
D1
50
40
30
20
50
60
70
80
90
100
TIME, min
110
120
130
140

22. Temperature time variation of water
during no heat input
90
5CT
5CB
80
TEMPERATURE ,o C
6CL
70
6CR
60
50
40
30
50
60
70
80
90
100
TIME, min
110
120
130
140

23. Temperature time variation of water at different positions
during controlled energy input
100
90
80
70
TEMPERATURE, oC
5CT
60
5CB
50
6CL
40
6CR
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
TIME, min
40
50
60

24. Average temperature time variation of water during
controlled energy input
90
80
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
TIME, min
40
50
60

25. Total heat versus Time with and without PCM

26. Conclusion
The use of HS-58 as PCM in HDPE spherical capsule in conventional hot
water storage tank represents an approach for simple and inexpensive thermal
storage system. Such storage can be reliably used with existing SDHW systems.
The suitability of melting temperature of HS-58 enables the storage of excess
energy available in daytime hours as latent heat, and maintains the water
temperature in an acceptable range of hot water storage tank and supply hot
water at almost constant temperature.
It is observed that for the 10 liters per day capacity of tank with 26% of
volume occupied by PCM stores 1976 kJ against 1621 kJ without PCM i.e. only
water. Thus improvement in thermal storage capacity of 22% is observed as
compared to energy stored only by water considering heat losses. Finally, the
thermal storage system using PCM can be used with higher size solar collector
or size of storage system can be reduced for the same size solar collector. It
can be used for the design of the storage system.

27. References
1.Manufacturers test certificate and data sheet, Pluss Polymers Pvt.
Ltd.Website:www.pluss.co.in
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28. References contd…
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29. References contd…
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30. THANK YOU!!

31. QURRIES?????