2. 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Linen and fabrics supply is important ensure the effectiveness of a hotel’s
operation.
Without linen and fabric a hotel cannot provid service that we lead to
customer satisfaction.
Linen and fabric involves hundred thousands of dollars.
Housekeeping department’s responsibility to protect this investment.
This responsibility involves proper selection of linen and using proper
procedurs for linen and fabric handling.
3. WHAT IS LINEN and fabric?
Linen is normally known as cloth or thread made of Flax.
Flax is a plant of natural fiber (cellulose fiber).
The another meaning for linens is widely use in hospitality context,which
is household article made of cloth.
Fabrics are material made usually by weaving or knitting fibers.
4. HOW TO CHOOSE LINENS?
To choose linens,we must understand that every attribute of the products affects
the QUALITY and PRICE.
THERE ARE SEVERAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER:
Fiber content
Fabric quality
Thread count and yarn count
Type of weave
Fabric finish
Dyes and printing quality
Texture
Size
Reconizing quality
Caring for fine linens
5. Types of linen and fabric
The fibers that are most commonly used today can be divided into two categories:
o Natural fibers (vegetables and animal)
o Man-made fibers(regenerated or synthetic)
NATURAL FIBERS
WOOL
- The most commonly used wool comes from sheep. It can also be produced from camel and rabbits.
The most popular wool is produced from Merino and Crossbred sheep in Australia.
- Wool is extensively used in hotels although expensive. It used for carpets, blankets and
upholstery.
- Wool does not flatten or crease easily and very elastic.
- Wool easy to clean and fire resistant.
- Often mixed with with other man-made fabric in 80/20 rations to make it more
affordable.
6. SILK
- Silk is the strongest of natural fibers and a very light fabric.
- Some of its usage in hotel include wall covering,cushion cover and bed sheets.
- Silk has a draping power – which means it retains shape and caresses the body. It also an
elastic fabric.
- It is a very expensive and seldom used in hospitality except for luxury suites and
apartments.
COTTON
-Cotton comes from the cotton plant seed grown in India,USA,Egypt,West Indies and
China.
-Cotton is used for bed linen,table linen,towel and uniform.
-very absorbent,easily laundered and more resistant to bleaches and
alkalis. Cotton is stronger when wet than dry.
-Nowdays a man-made fiber polyester is added to cotton to make it resistant to
wrinkle.
- All cotton tend to shrink during the first few washings unless they
have been pre-shrunk.
7. LINEN
-Linen comes from the stalk of flax plant (a plant fiber used especially for
making ropes).
-Linen is hard-wearing and easily washed but requires careful finishing.
-Famous for making napkin and table linen.
-Good quality linen has a smooth appearance and cool to the touch.
-Linen can be easily dyed and the colour does not fade when wash.
8. MAN-MADE FIBRRES
Made
by regenereting(combining with other
substance)
Synthetic(from chemicals)
Man fibers are normally made from some these
substances:
-wood pulp/cottion linters
-Rubber
-Oil by-products
-Chemicals
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9. MAN-MADE
also called as manufactured
fabrics.
This
fabrics start as liquid and their fibers
are colored before they are woven into
fabrics.
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10. LETS LOOK AT SOME OF THE POPULAR MANMADE
ACETATE
-from cotton linters plus chemicals.
-look like silk but do not wear like silk.
-sensitive to nail,polish,nail polish remover and perfumes.
-strong when dry.
-in hotel,normally they use as a curtain and furnishing.
-should be washed in:
-warm water
-moderate drying
-lowest tmperature when ironing
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11. ACRYLIC
-looks like wool and washable
-made from chemicals
-strong when wet and dry
-hotel's blanket and carpet normally from
acrylic because they are cheap,do not
shrink and and easily maintained
-should be iron with low heat or at times
not should ironing at all
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12. POLYESTER
-synthetic fiber
-added to cotton and wool so it easily to
laundered
-used in pillows,upholstery,bed linen and table
linen
-not shrink or strecth and is very elastic
-resistant to crease and can retain its shape
-polyester is versatile and important man-made
fabric.
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13. RAYON
-made from wood pulp an cotton linters
-looks like silk and has draping qualities
-used for curtains and bedspreads
-requires cool iron
-strong,extremely absorbent and burn easily in
high temperature
-wrinkled easily and will stretch when wet and
shrink when washed
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14. SPANDEX
-made by mixture of rubber and chemicals
-very elastics fiber
-streched many times its length and spring back
to original length
-resistant to washing,perspiration and heat
-used in foundation garments:
-swimming suit
-hoseiery
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16. LINEN AND FABRIC
HANDLING
2.1.2 LABEL IDENTIFICATION AND LINEN CARE
•
To assist consumers in getting proper information about
clothing care.
•
Requires manufactures and importers to attach care
labels and giving full instruction for at least one
satisfactory method for clothing care.
•
The rule also requires that the manufacturer or importer
possess, prior to sale.
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17. To be more specific, let’s look at the reason for
putting label on fabrics.
a)Fabric
no need to identification since we can read the
label and understand the characteristics of the fabrics.
b)Fabric
no need to complicate of sorting by type of fabrics
and washing process will be easy.
c)Save
time when trying to figure out the exact type of
fabrics for quality, checking, washing and knowledge
purposes.
d)Able
to retain the white and coloured fabrics. This
eventually will make them look whiter and brighter.
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25. TYPES OF STAIN
Alcoholic beverage
Tar
Tea
Blood
Urine
Cool Aid
Candy
Pet food
Blue
Crayon
Vomit
Dye
Mentholated
Grease
Ice cream
Fresh fruit
Softdrinks
Ink
Butter
Iodine
Candle wax
Lipstik
Catsup
Nail polish
Furniture polish
Oil
Lemonade
Paint or vanish
Stubborn spot vinyl
Rubber heel mark
Makeup
Rust
Mercurochrome
Shoe polish
Paint - Latex
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26. Alcoholic
beverage stain
-rub with a cloth dampened
-detergent and warm water
-rub with a different cloth with denatured
alcohol if the stain remains
Blood stain
-mop or sponge
-with clear and cold water
-if the stain remains use the ammonia and cold
water
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27. Candy
stains
-rub with a cloth dampened
-detergant and warm water
-use steel wool instead of a cloth on “no wax” or hardsurface floor
-use powdered detergent and a plastic scrubbing pad
dampened with warm water
Crayon marks (on the floor)
-rub it with a cloth containing toothpaste
-toothpaste cannot work well on wallpaper or porous surface
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28. Dye
stains
-rub with a cloth dampened
-in a solution of one part chlorine bleach and two parts
water
-the solution of chlorine bleach can hurt the wood floor
-do not let it soak
Ink stains
-rub with dampened cloth
-warm water and detergent
-if floor not hard surface,use ink remover
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29. Grease
stains
-use newspaper as much as possible,paper towel or
plastic spatula
-rub with a cloth dampened in detergent and warm water
-use a concentrated commercial household cleaner then
rinse well
-on wood and cork use a cloth that saturated with dry
cleaning fluid
-stain for 5 minutes
-wipe the area and wash with detergent & water
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30. Fresh
fruit stains
-rub with dampened cloth in detergant and warm water
-if not work,and your floor resilient tile,wood or
cork
-rub the stain with a cloth dampened that contain of
onetablespoon of oxcalic acid and pint of water
Iodine
stains
-rub with dampened cloth
-in solution of ammonia and water
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31. -If not work,saturate the cloth in the solution and
place it over the stain
- until stain is removed
Lipstick stains
-rub with cloth dampened in detergent and
water
-rub with steel wool dipped in water and
detergent
-if the floor is hard surface,use a plastic scouring
pad instead of steel water
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32. Nail
polish
-at resilient floor,rub with cloth dempened
-in concentrated detergent solution or scouring
powder,water and plastic mesh
-wood and cork
-rub gently with steel wool
-after stain removing,rinse the thoroughly,dry completely
-if floor finished has been removed,recoat with
appropriate finish or wax
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33. Oil
stains
-use as much newspaper,paper towel or plastic spatula as
possible
-on resilient tile,use cloth dempened contain of detergent
and warm water
-if it not work,use a concentrate commercial household
cleaner and rinse all
-on wood and cork put a cloth saturated with dry
cleaning fluid on the stain
-for 5 minutes
-then,wipe area dry and wash with detergant & water
-use formulated solvent with a soft,clean cloth for stone
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34. Paint
or varnish stains
-on resilient tile,rub with cloth or plastic mesh pad
dipped in warm water and detergent
-on wood and cork,rub lightly, with a cloth dampened in a
formulated paint remover
-follow the directions so it will not damage the
permanent surface finish
-on hard surface floor,scrub with a concentrated solution
of detergent and water
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35. Rubber
heel mark
-on vinyl resilient fooring
-wash with detergent and water
-rinse to remove any solvent residue or baking soda
-rub the heel mark with paste of baking soda and water
-don’t use to much water or the baking soda will lose its
abrasive quality
-pencil eraser can remove them
-if it not work,use acommercial concentrated household
cleaner that contain petroleum solvent or solvent-based
cleaner
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36. Rust
stains
-use a commercial rust remover
-made for different type of floor
Shoe polish stain
-use scouring powder,water and plastic mesh pad
-on wood and cork,rub gently with steel wool
-after stain removing,rinse the thoroughly,dry completely
-if floor finished has been removed,recoat with
appropriate finish or wax
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37. Stubborn
spot and vinyl
-a coat of wax or vinyl finish protct the foolr from
staining
-highly colored liquids etc spill on the floor
-protect against scratches
-if sticky spots don’t come off in washing,rub with a
plastic mesh pad to loosen
-don’tuse scouring powder
-it will scratch the floor
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38. Tar
-freeze it to brittleness with ice cube
-then scraped it off with a plastic spatula
-to remove stain,wipe with cloth dampened with a dry
cleaning solvent or formulated safety solvent
Urine stains
-rub with hot,damp cloth and scouring powder
-for long and stubborn stain,use 10 to 1 dilution of liquid
bleach
-rinse with clean water
-bleach reaching the actual wood surface will lighten or
discolor the floor
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