Personal Development SDL

1. Personal Development
By: Nurul Imma Wong

2. Problem Identification
•Low self-esteem and self-concept!
What is self-esteem?
Evaluating how one feels about ones self-concept
What is self-concept?
Set of belief one has about oneself
Low self-esteem develops when there is a gap between one’s
self-concept and what one believes one should be like.

3. Evidences
• Characteristic associated with low self-esteem in
adolescence (Jaffe, 1998):
• Feeling depressed
• Lack energy*
• Dislikes one’s appearance and rejecting compliments
• Feeling insecure or inadequate most of the time*
• Having unrealistic expectations of oneself*
• Having serious doubts about the future*
• Being excessively shy and rarely expressing one’s own point of
view*
• Conforming to what others want and assuming a submissive
stance in most situations*
* Displayed by Jeremy

4. Consequences
• Downward spiral effect as Jeremy thinks that he is
incapable
• Not being able to maximize his fullest potential
• Shame and doubts would cause a lack of
confidence in his own abilities throughout life
should he be unable to resolve these doubts

5. Key Question
• What are the factors that
affect/cause/influence Jeremy's
self-esteem and self-concept?
 How do we address these problems (possible solution)?

6. Personal Development Theories
• Eric Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model (Refer to Social
Context of Development)

8. Identity vs Confusion (Erikson Model)
• Concept of Exploration: Who am I?
• Problem:
• Identify foreclosure:
Jeremy’s parents decides his commitment choices (eg.
Personal timetable, enrichment classes)
• Foreclosed adolescence tend to be rigid, intolerant,
dogmatic, and defensive (Frank, Pirsch & Wright, 1990)

9. Maslow's hierarchy of needs

10. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• Problem:
• Safety and love/belonging needs not met.
• Lead to insecurity.
• Cannot proceed to higher order needs
• Esteem

11. References
• Education Psychology: Theories and Applications
for Learning and Teaching (Module 9), Pearson
Education, Inc., 2014.
• Jaffe, M. L. (1998) Adolescence, New York: Wiley
• Maslow, A. H. (1948) Psychological Review, 50, 370-
396
• http://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/develop
.pdf

12. Social Context