Presentation on the different approaches to MUS in Ethiopia, by Eline Boelee (Consultant) Seminar on Multiple Use water Services in the context of Dutch policy and practice. Wednesday 26 June 2013. International Water House, Bezuidenhoutseweg 2, The Hague, The Netherlands.

1. Different approaches to MUS in Ethiopia
Eline Boelee (Water Health)
for MUStRAIN
MUS seminar, The Hague 26 June 2013

2. Multiple Use water Services in Ethiopia
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
• De facto multiple use of water
o Water points with cattle troughs
o Drinking from irrigation canals
• WASH programs
• Irrigation development
• Little coordination
• Multipurpose systems
Photo: Eline Boelee
Photo: Eline Boelee

3. • Sand & Rivers (RAIN)
• Wastewater reuse (Eline Bakker)
• Livestock
• Community approach
• Mechanized pumping
• Manual drilling
• Self-supply
• WASH business (video)
MUStRAIN case studies
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
wells

4. • Mixed crop-livestock
systems most common in Ethiopia
• Cattle troughs added to ‘domestic’ systems
• Many benefits of nearby water supply for drinking
• But what about fodder?
o Biggest water consumption by animals
o Free grazing on communal land
• Watershed management impacts
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
Livestock
Photo: Zelalem Lema
Photo: Lemessa Mekonta

5. Watershed management
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
• To protect water quality and increase spring yield
• Exclosures: no or limited access
• Sometimes harvesting and sale of fodder
• Consequences for livestock farmers
o Cut & Carry: buy or grow fodder
o Increased workload
o Productivity?
o Reduced herd size?
• Basin impacts?
Photo: Katrien Descheemaeker
Photo: Katrien Descheemaeker

6. • Tapping shallow groundwater
• Preferred source of water for drinking and
irrigation in South Asia
• Common in some, but not many parts of
Ethiopia
• Recently promoted in various programs
o Mechanized pumping for irrigation
o Manual drilling with pumps, drip kits
o Self-supply for domestic uses
o At individual (farm/household) or community level
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
Wells are…
Photo: Lemessa Mekonta
Photo: IWMI

7. • Been dug by hand, drilled by hand or rigs
• Concrete, brick, mud, wooden or no lining
• Protective slab or cover
• Rope, treadle pumps
• Motor pumps
• Associated support programs
o WASH
o Microfinance
o Agricultural extension
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
Wells may have…
Photo: Lemessa Mekonta
Photo: Lemessa Mekonta
Photo: Lemessa Mekonta

8. • Have higher impact with protection and motor pumps
• Help improve food security, increase income
• Have better water quality in agrowells
o Protection
o Lower residence times
• Be highly attractive to users
• Improve health
• Reduce workload
• Be upscaled through agricultural programs
Wells could…
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
Photo: Lemessa Mekonta
Photo: Lemessa Mekonta

9. • Productive uses enhance self-supply
• Support required
o Groundwater map (incl. recharge options)
o Technical: well construction and operation
o Agricultural: crops, livestock, value chains
o Water quality monitoring and treatment
o Micro-finance
• Hit dual targets of water and food security
• Very attractive investment options
MUS seminar, The Hague, 26 June 2013
Conclusions

10. Thank you!
e.boelee@waterhealth.nl
MUStRAIN