This document discusses the concepts of measurement, assessment, and evaluation in education. It defines each term and explains the hierarchical relationship between the processes. Measurement involves assigning numerical values or ratings to objects based on certain standards, and provides scores but not judgments. Assessment uses measurement results to make evaluations about characteristics and quality. Evaluation identifies whether programs have achieved their goals and makes value judgments to inform decisions. Together, measurement, assessment and evaluation work sequentially and cooperatively to improve educational quality and outcomes.
2. S E C A R A S E D E R H A NA P E N G U K U R A N D A P A T D I A R T I K A N
S E B A G A I K E G I A T A N A T A U U P A Y A Y A N G D I L A K U K A N U N T U K
M E M B E R I K A N A N G K A - A NG K A P A D A S U A T U G E J A LA A T A U
P E R I S T I W A , A T A U B E N D A , S E H I NG G A H A S I L P E N G U K U R A N
A K A N S E L A LU B E R U PA A N G K A . A L A T U N T U K M E L A K U K A N
P E N G U K U R A N I N I D A P A T B E R U P A A L A T U K U R S T A N D A R
S E P E R T I M E T E R , K I L O G R A M , L I T E R D A N S E B A G A I NY A ,
T E R M A S U K U K U R A N - U K U R A N S U B Y E K T I F Y A N G B E R S I F A T
R E L A T I F , S E P E R T I D E P A , J E N G K A L , “ S E B E NT A R L A G I ” , D A N
L A I N - L A I N.
PENGUKURAN
3. 1 . S K A L A N O M I N A L : P E N G U K U R A N D E N G A N S K A L A N O M I N A L M E R U P A K A N
T I N G K A T M E N G K A T E G O R I K A N , M E M B E R I N A M A D A N M E N G H I T U N G F A K T A -
F A K T A D A R I O B Y E K Y A N G D I T E L I T I . D I M A N A A N G K A Y A N G D I B E R I K A N
P A D A O B Y E K H A N Y A M E M P U N Y A I A R T I S E B A G A I L A B E L S A J A D A N T I D A K
M E N U N J U K K A N T I N G K A T A N Y A N G B E R A R T I .
2 . S K A L A O R D I N A L : S K A L A ( U K U R A N ) O R D I N A L A D A L A H S K A L A Y A N G
M E R U P A K A N T I N G K A T U K U R A N K E D U A , Y A N G B E R J E N J A N G S E S U A T U Y A N G
M E N J A D I ‘ L E B I H ’ A T A U ‘ K U R A N G ’ D A R I Y A N G L A I N N Y A . U K U R A N I N I
D I G U N A K A N U N T U K M E N G U R U T K A N O B J E K D A R I Y A N G T E R E N D A H H I N G G A
T E R T I N G G I D A N S E B A L I K N Y A Y A N G B E R A R T I P E N E L I T I S U D A H
M E L A K U K A N P E N G U K U R A N T E R H A D A P V A R I A B L E Y A N G D I T E L I T I .
3 . S K A L A I N T E R V A L : M E R U P A K A N T I N G K A T P E N G U K U R A N K E T I G A , D I M A N A
P E M B E R I A N A N G K A P A D A S E T O B J E K Y A N G M E M I L I H S I F A T O R D I N A L ,
D I T A M B A H D E N G A N S A T U S I F A T Y A N G L A I N , Y A K N I M E M B E R I K A N N I L A I
A B S O L U T E P A D A D A T A / O B J E K Y A N G A K A N D I U K U R . U K U R A N R A S I O I N I
M E M P U N Y A I N I L A I N O L ( 0 ) A B S O L U T E ( T I D A K A D A N I L A I N Y A ) .
4 . S K A L A R A S I O : M E R U P A K A N T I N G K A T P E N G U K U R A N T E R T I N G G I , D I M A N A
U K U R A N I N I M E N C A K U P S E M U A P E R S Y A R A T A N P A D A K E T I G A J E N I S
U K U R A N S E B E L U M N Y A , D I T A M B A H D E N G A N S A T U S I F A T Y A N G L A I N ,
Y A K N I U K U R A N I N I M E M B E R I K A N N I L A I A B S O L U T E P A D A D A T A / O B J E K
Y A N G A K A N D I U K U R . U K U R A N R A S I O I N I M E M P U N Y A I N I L A I N O L ( 0 ) .
SKALA PENGUKURAN
4. •M E N U R U T S I D I N A L I D A N K H A E R U D D I N ( 2 0 1 2 ) P E N I L A I A N A D A L A H
P R O S E S P E N E N T U A N K U A L I T A S S U A T U O B J E K D E N G A N
M E M B A N D I N G K A N A N T A R A H A S I L - H A S I L U K U R D E N G A N S T A N D A R
P E N I L A I A N T E R T E N T U .
•S E D A N G K A N M E N U R U T G R I F F I N D A N N I X ( 1 9 9 1 ) P E N I L A I A N
A D A L A H S U A T U P E R N Y A T A A N B E R D A S A R K A N S E J U M L A H F A K T A
U N T U K M E N J E L A S K A N K A R A K T E R I S T I K S E S E O R A N G A T A U S E S U A T U .
P E N G E R T I A N P E N I L A I A N B E R H U B U N G A N E R A T D E N G A N S E T I A P
B A G I A N D A R I K E G I A T A N B E L A J A R M E N G A J A R . I N I M E N U N J U K K A N
B A H W A P R O S E S P E N I L A I A N T I D A K H A N Y A M E N Y A N G K U T H A S I L
B E L A J A R S A J A T E T A P I J U G A M E N C A K U P K A R A K T E R I S T I K M E T O D E
M E N G A J A R , K U R I K U L U M , F A S I L I T A S D A N A D M I N I S T R A S I S E K O L A H .
I N S T R U M E N P E N I L A I A N B I S A B E R U P A M E T O D E A T A U P R O S E D U R
F O R M A L M A U P U N I N F O R M A L , U N T U K M E N G H A S I L K A N I N F O R M A S I
B E L A J A R P E S E R T A D I D I K . P R O S E S P E N I L A I A N ( T A G I H A N ) D A P A T
B E R B E N T U K T E S B A I K T E R T U L I S M A U P U N L I S A N , L E M B A R
P E N G A M A T A N , P E D O M A N W A W A N C A R A , T U G A S R U M A H . P E N I L A I A N
J U G A D A P A T D I A R T I K A N S E B A G A I K E G I A T A N M E N A F S I R K A N D A T A
H A S I L P E N G U K U R A N .
PENILAIAN
5. E V A L U A S I B E R A S A L D A R I B A H A S A I N G G R I S E V A L U A T I O N Y A N G
B E R A R T I P E N I L A I A N A T A U P E N A K S I R A N ( J O H N M . E C H O L S D A N
H A S A N S H A D I L Y : 1 9 8 3 ) . E V A L U A S I A D A L A H K E G I A T A N
I D E N T I F I K A S I U N T U K M E L I H A T A P A K A H S U A T U P R O G R A M Y A N G
T E L A H D I R E N C A N A K A N T E L A H T E R C A P A I A T A U B E L U M ,
B E R H A R G A A T A U T I D A K , D A N D A P A T P U L A U N T U K M E L I H A T
T I N G K A T E F I S I E N S I P E L A K S A N A A N N Y A . E V A L U A S I B E R H U B U N G A N
D E N G A N K E P U T U S A N N I L A I ( V A L U E J U D G E M E N T ) . S T U F F L E B E A M
( A B I N S Y A M S U D D I N M A K M U N , 1 9 9 6 ) M E N G E M U K A K A N B A H W A
: E D U C A T I O N A L E V A L U A T I O N I S T H E P R O C E S S O F D E L I N E A T I N G ,
O B T A I N I N G , A N D P R O V I D I N G U S E F U L I N F O R M A T I O N F O R
J U D G I N G D E C I S I O N A L T E R N A T I F . A R T I N Y A E V A L U A S I
M E R U P A K A N P R O S E S M E N G G A M B A R K A N , M E M P E R O L E H , D A N
M E N Y A J I K A N I N F O R M A S I Y A N G B E R G U N A U N T U K M E R U M U S K A N
S U A T U A L T E R N A T I F K E P U T U S A N . D A R I P A N D A N G A N
S T U F F L E B E A M , K I T A D A P A T M E L I H A T B A H W A E S E N S I D A R I
E V A L U A S I Y A K N I M E M B E R I K A N I N F O R M A S I B A G I K E P E N T I N G A N
P E N G A M B I L A N K E P U T U S A N .
EVALUASI
6. P R O S E S P E N G U K U R A N , P E N I LA I A N, E V A L U A SI D A N
P E N G U J I A N M E R U P A K A N S U A T U K E G I A T A N A T A U P R O S E S
Y A N G B E R S I F A T H I R A R K I S . A R T I NY A K E G I A T A N D I L A K U K A N
S E C A R A B E R U R U T A N D A N B E R J E NJ A N G Y A I T U D I M U A L I D A R I
P R O S E S P E N G U K U R A N K E M U D I A N P E N I L A I A N D A N T E R A K H I R
E V A L U A SI . S E D A NG K A N P R O S E S P E N G U J I A N M E R U P A K A N
B A G I A N D A R I P E N G U K U R A N Y A N G D I L A N J U T K A N D E NG A N
K E G I A T A N P E N I L A I A N. S E C A R A U M U M D A P A T D I K A T A K A N
B A H W A P E N G U K U R A N A D A L A H S U A T U P R O S E S P E M B E R I A N
A N G K A P A D A S E S U A T U A T A U S E S E O R A NG B E R D A S A R K A N
A T U R A N - A T U R A N T E R T E NT U . H A S I L NY A H A N Y A L A H A N G K A -
A N G K A ( S K O R ) . P E N G U K U R A N T I D A K M E M B U A H K A N N I L A I
A T A U B A I K - B U R U K N Y A S E S U A T U , T E T A P I H A S I L
P E N G U K U R A N D A P A T D I P A K A I U N T U K M E M B U A T P E N I L A I A N
D A N E V A L U A SI .
HUBUNGAN PENGUKURAN,
PENILAIAN DAN EVALUASI
7. Dalam dunia pendidikan mereka tidak dapat dipisahakan
sebab memiliki keterkaitan yang erat antara satu dengan yang lainnya, antara
lain sebagai berikut : (Ratnawulan dan Rosdiana, 2005)
- Pengukuran dan penilaian merupakan dua proses yang berkesinambungan.
- Pengukuran dilaksanakan terlebih dahulu, yang menghasilkan skor dan dari
hasil pengukuran dapat dilaksanakan penilaian.
- Antara penilaian dan evaluasi sebenarnya memiliki persamaan, yaitu keduanya
mempunyai pengertian menilai atau menentukan nilai sesuatu. Disamping itu,
keduanya merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data
- Evaluasi dan penilaian lebih bersifat kualitatif. Hakikat keduanya merupakan
proses membuat keputusan tentang nilai suatu objek. Ruang lingkup penilaian
lebih sempit dan hanya terbatas pada salah satu komponen atau aspek, seperti
prestasi belajar. Pelaksanaan penilaian dilakukan dalam konteks internal. Ruang
lingkup evaluasi lebih luas, dalam pelaksanaannya mencakup semua komponen
dalam suatu sistem dan dapat dilakukan tidak hanya oleh pihak internal, tetapi
juga pihak eksternal.
8. P E R B E D A A N A N T A R A E V A L U A S I D E N G A N P E N I L A I A N A D A L A H T E R L E T A K
P A D A S C O P E ( R U A N G L I N G K U P ) D A N P E L A K S A N A N Y A . R U A N G L I N G K U P
P E N I L A I A N L E B I H S E M P I T D A N B I A S A N Y A H A N Y A T E R B A T A S P A D A
S A L A H A T A U K O M P O N E N A T A U A S P E K S A J A , S E P E R T I P R E S T A S I
B E L A J A R P E S E R T A D I D I K . P E L A K S A N A A N P E N I L A I A N B I A S A N Y A
D I L A K S A N A K A N P A D A K O N T E K S I N T E R N A L , Y A K N I O R A N G - O R A N G Y A N G
M E N J A D I B A G I A N A T A U T E R L I B A T D A L A M S I S T E M P E M B E L A J A R A N Y A N G
B E R S A N G K U T A N .
E V A L U A S I D A N P E N I L A I A N L E B I H B E R S I F A T K O M P R E H E N S I F Y A N G
M E L I P U T I P E N G U K U R A N , S E D A N G K A N T E S M E R U P A K A N S A L A H S A T U
A L A T ( I N S T R U M E N ) P E N G U K U R A N . P E N G U K U R A N L E B I H M E M B A T A S I
K E P A D A G A M B A R A N Y A N G B E R S I F A T K U A N T I T A T I F ( A N G K A A N G K A )
T E N T A N G K E M A J U A N B E L A J A R P E S E R T A D I D I K ( L E A R N I N G P R O G R E S ) ,
S E D A N G K A N E V A L U A S I D A N P E N I L A I A N L E B I H B E R S I F A T K U A L I T A T I F .
D I S A M P I N G I T U , E V A L U A S I D A N P E N I L A I A N P A D A H A K I K A T N Y A
M E R U P A K A N S U A T U P R O S E S M E M B U A T K E P U T U S A N T E N T A N G N I L A I
S U A T U O B J E K . K E P U T U S A N P E N I L A I A N ( V A L U E J U D G E M E N ) T I D A K
H A N Y A D I D A S A R K A N K E P A D A H A S I L P E N G U K U R A N ( Q U A N T I T A T I V
D E S C R I P T I O N ) , T E T A P I D A P A T P U L A D I D A S A R K A N K E P A D A H A S I L
P E N G A M A T A N D A N W A W A N C A R A ( Q U Q L I T A T I F D E S C R I P T I O N )
Perbedaaan Pengukuran.
Penilaian, Evaluasi
9. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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