BAB 5 Lembaran kerja (1)

Bab 5
Lembaran Kerja (Spreadsheet)
&
Microsoft Excel
STID 1103 - Aplikasi Komputer
Dalam Pengurusan
Oleh :
Nama : MOHD TARMIZI BIN MUSA

Isi Kandungan - Bahagian 1
• Pengenalan
• Membina Lembaran Kerja Baru
• Memasukkan Data
• Memaparkan Lembaran Kerja
• Menyunting Lembaran Kerja
• Menukar Gaya Teks dan Nombor
• Menambah Bingkai dan Bayang
2

Pengenalan
3
1
Dikenali sebagai
aturcara
perancangan
kewangan
2
Sangat berguna
kepada sesiapa
yang melakukan
pengiraan yang
melibatkan angka-
angka yang disusun
dalam baris dan
lajur.
3
Aplikasi
Lembaran Kerja
yang digunakan
ialah Microsoft
Excel

Pengenalan
• Dibahagikan kepada baris (row) dan lajur (column)
– Baris dikenalpasti dengan judul bernombor (1, 2, 3…)
– Lajur dikenalpasti dengan judul berhuruf (A, B, C…)
• Sel – persilangan baris dan lajur
– rujukan sel unik mengenal pasti sel
• Terdiri daripada huruf lajur dan nombor baris
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Rows, Columns, and Cells
Cell referenced by
column, then number
Active cell surrounded
by heavy border
Column headings above
each column. Columns
designated with letters
Row headings to the left of
each row. Rows
designated with numbers2/19/2019
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Kelebihan Lembaran Kerja
6
Kelebihan
Pengiraan semula dapat
dilakukan dengan mudah dan
pantas
Data-data dapat dimasukkan
dengan cepat dan tepat
Dapat berkongsi
maklumat dengan
pengguna yang lain
Dapat menguruskan maklumat-
maklumat penting dengan lebih
teratur
Dapat melakukan
carta-carta dengan
mudah
Dapat menghasilkan
lembaran kerja yang baru
dengan mudah
1
3
5
2
4
6

Types of Cell Entries
• Constant – an entry that does not change
– Can be a numeric value or descriptive text
• Function – a predefined computational task
• Formula – a combination of numeric constants,
cell references, arithmetic operators, and
functions
– Usually begins with an equal sign
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MS Excel 2013
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/excel2013
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http://www.gcflearnfree.org/excel2010
MS Excel 2010

Getting Started Guide
• The Microsoft Office Excel 2013 is a member of the
Microsoft Office 2013 suite of programs.
• It is a spreadsheet program that allows
to store,organize, and analyze sharing, and
managing information help you make more informed
decisions.
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To start Excel 2013 from the Start Menu
• Click on the Start button, point to All Programs then Microsoft
Office and click on Microsoft Office Excel 2013.
• When you open Excel 2013 for the first time, the Excel Start
Screen will appear.
• From here, you'll be able to create a new workbook, choose
a template, and access your recently edited workbooks.
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Excel Start Screen
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Microsoft Excel 2013 Workbook and
Worksheet
• A worksheet is the grid of cells where you can type the data. The grid divides your
worksheet into rows and columns.
• Columns are identified with letters (A, B, C … ), while rows are identified with numbers (1,
2, 3 … ).
• A cell is identified by column and row. For example, B8 is the address of a cell in column B
(the second column), and row 8 (the eighth row).
• A worksheet in Excel 2013 consists of 16,384 columns and over 1 million rows. The
worksheets in turn are grouped together into a workbook.
• By default each workbook in Excel 2013 contains 1 blank worksheets, which are identified
by tabs displaying along the bottom of your screen. By default the first worksheet is
called Sheet1, the next is Sheet2 and so on as shown here.
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Excel 2013 screen elements
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Excel 2013 Ribbon
• Excel 2013 uses a tabbed Ribbon system instead of traditional menus. The Ribbon contains multiple tabs,
each with several groups of commands. You will use these tabs to perform the most common tasks in Excel.
• Ribbon: The whole bar, including all of the tabs.
• Tab: Excel's main tasks are brought together and display all the commands commonly needed. Clicking a tab name once
activates the tab.
• Group: A section of a tab that organizes related command buttons into subtasks. For example, the Home tab has the following
groups: Clipboard, Font, Alignment, Number, Styles, Cells, and Editing.
• Dialog box launcher: A small icon in the bottom-right corner of a group, from which you can open a dialog box related to that
group.
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Tabs on the Excel 2013 ribbon
• The Home tab gives you access to some of the most commonly used
commands for working with data in Excel 2013, including copy and
paste, formatting, and number styles. The Home tab is selected by default
whenever you open Excel.
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• The Insert tab allows you to insert charts, tables, sparklines, filters, and more,
which can help youvisualize and communicate your workbook
data graphically.
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• The Page Layout tab allows you to change the print formatting of your
workbook, including margin width, page orientation, and themes. These
commands will be especially helpful when preparing to print a workbook.
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• The Formulas tab gives you access to the most commonly
used functions and formulas in Excel. These commands will help
you calculate and analyze numerical data, like averages and percentages.
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• The Data tab makes it easy to sort and filter information in your workbook,
which can be especially helpful if your project contains a large amount of
data.
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• You can use the Review tab to access Excel's powerful editing features,
including comments and trackchanges. These features make it easy
to share and collaborate on workbooks.
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• The View tab allows you to switch between different views for your workbook
and freeze panes for easy viewing. These commands will also be helpful when
preparing to print a workbook.
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• Contextual tabs will appear on the Ribbon when working with certain items,
like tables and pictures. These tabs contain special command groups that can
help you format these items as needed.
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Excel 2013 Status Bar
• This bar keeps you informed of the program's current
mode and any special keys you engage, and enables you to
select a new worksheet view and to zoom in and out on
the worksheet.
• However, you also can customize the status bar!
• Customize the status bar in Excel 2013 and make the
overlooked status bar keep you up to date on the status of
certain items within your Excel spreadsheet.
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To add options to the Status Bar
• Right-click the Status Bar to
bring up the Customize Status
Bar menu.
• Click to select the options you
want, click again if you do not
want the item displayed.
• When finished, click anywhere
on the spreadsheet to close the
menu.
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To remove options from the Status Bar
• Right-click on the Excel status bar
and click on any option that you
wish to remove from the status
bar.
• The menu's options are enabled
(selected) when a check mark
appears next to them and vice-
versa.
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How to Enter Data into Excel 2013
Worksheet?
• To enter text into a worksheet
– Select the cell in which you want to enter the text.
– Type in the text/data into the cell.
– Press the Enter key. Text entries are left aligned by default.
• To enter numbers into a worksheet
– Select the cell in which you want to enter a number.
– Type in the number into the cell and press Enter.
– If you want to enter a negative number, type a minus sign in front
of it or enclose it in parentheses (bracket), e.g. -15 or (15).
– To indicate decimal places, you type a full stop such as 125.89.
– The numbers will be right aligned by default.
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How to Enter Data into Excel 2013
Worksheet? (cont…)
• To enter dates and times into a worksheet
– Select the cell in which you want to enter the date or time.
– Type in the date or time. Separate the date with either hyphens (-) or slashes (/).
– Press Enter.
– To enter the current date, press Ctrl+;
– To enter the current time, press Ctrl+:
• To speed up your data entry
– Enter key: Pressing the key will enters the data and moves the active cell highlight
down to the next cell in the current column.
– Tab key: Pressing the key will enters the data and moves the active cell highlight to
the next cell in the current row.
– Arrow keys: Pressing the key will enters the data and moves the active cell highlight
to the next cell in the direction of the specific arrow key pressed.
– Esc key: Pressing the key will will cancels the current data entry.
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Save a Workbook? And Backup Copy…
• You can either save the workbook in your computer hard
drive or other device such as diskette or handy/flash drive.
• If you never save the file, you will be unable to view the file
in the future. Once saved, you can re-open the file for
viewing or editing.
• Although Excel AutoRecover feature may recover your
unsaved file, you should never rely on Excel AutoRecover
feature. Saving your work frequently is a good idea.
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To save a workbook (first time)
• From Office Button, click Save
OR
• Click the Save button on the
Quick Access Toolbar.
• From the Save As dialog box
displayed, ensure that you
browse to the folder/disk drive
that you would like to save the
file.
• Enter the file name in the File
name: text box. The file name
can be up to 255 characters in
length.
• Click on the Save button.2/19/2019
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To save a backup copy (subsequent
times)
• From the Office Button, point to Save As and click Excel
Workbook.
• Enter a name in the File name: text box.
• Click on the Save button.
• Note: By default, Excel saves a copy of your work
automatically every ten minutes. To adjust this setting (or
turn if off), use the Save tab of the Excel Options dialog box
(Office Button - Excel Options).
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To close a file
• From the Office Button, click Close.
• You will be asked if you wish to save any changes you have
made to the file.
– Click Yes to save the workbook
– OR click No to ignore (without saving) the changes
– OR click Cancel to cancel the operation
• To conclude, you have two choices for saving a spreadsheet file:
– Save As - this choice allows you to save your spreadsheet
file with a new name and choose the location to save the
file.
– Save - this option updates the spreadsheet file with your
most recent changes. If you use Save on a new file that
hasn't been saved before, it has the same effect as Save As.
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Microsoft Excel 2013:
Start Exploring Excel
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The use of Excel pick list (Fill Color)
• Right-click on any cell
• Left-Click on fill color button
• Move your mouse over any of
the colors and the cells will
change automatically. You can
then see what the new color
looks like.
• Click with the left mouse
button to set the color you
want. If you don't like any of
the colors displayed, click on
More Colors option.
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To change the text color
• Highlight the text that you want to change color.
• From the Home tab, in the Font group, point to the Font
Color icon.
• Click the arrow just to the right of the Font Color icon.
You'll see some colors appear.
• Select a color just like you did for the background color
of the cell.
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Excel Navigation ~ How to move in an
Excel worksheet?
• To move to a particular cell using the mouse
– Place the mouse pointer on the particular cell and click.
• To move between worksheets using the mouse
– Click on the appropriate worksheet tab displayed along the
bottom of the worksheet.
• To move to a particular cell (quick way)
– Enter the cell that you wish to jump to into the Name Box (at
the top, left of the screen). In the example shown the cell
reference D12 has been entered. When you press the Enter key
you will jump to the cell you entered.
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To move from cell to cell using the
keyboard
• To move from cell to cell, use one of the following
methods:
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To move between worksheet tabs using
the keyboard
• To move one tab to the left, press Ctrl+Page Up.
• To move one tab to the right, press Ctrl+Page Down.
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Changing the Excel Cell Color
• To change the Excel cell color background
• To change the text color
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To change the Excel cell color
background
• Highlight the cells that you want to alter. We'll
start with the cells A2 to B5.
• From the Home tab, in the Font group, point to
the Fill Color icon.
• Click the arrow just to the right of the Fill Color
icon. You'll see some colors appear:
• Move your mouse over any of the colors and the
cells will change automatically. You can then see
what the new color looks like.
• Click with the left mouse button to set the color
you want. If you don't like any of the colors
displayed, click on More Colors option.
• From the Colors dialog box displayed, choose a
color and click OK.
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To change the text color
• Highlight the text that you want to change color.
• From the Home tab, in the Font group, point to
the Font Color icon.
• Click the arrow just to the right of the Font Color
icon. You'll see some colors appear.
• Select a color just like you did for the background
color of the cell.
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Excel 2013 Paste Special
• Paste Special
allows you to
specify that only
the entries be
copied (without
the formatting) or
that just the
formatting be
copied (without
the entries).
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To use the Paste Special dialog box
• Select the range of data
you wish to copy.
• On the Home tab, in the
Clipboard group, click Copy
icon.
• OR press Ctrl+C.
• Click the cell where you
want to paste the range.
Clipboard group, click the
down arrow of the Paste
icon and click the Paste
Special option.
• From the Paste Special
dialog box displayed, select
the necessary option from
the Paste section:
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To use the Paste Special dialog box
(cont…)
• In the Operation section, select the available
suitable option.
• For example, if you select the Add option, Excel
adds the corresponding values in the source
range and the destination range and replaces the
destination range with the new values.
• The Skip Blanks option prevents Excel from
overwriting cell contents in your paste area with
blank cells from the copied range. It is useful if
you're copying a range to another area but don't
want the blank cells in the copied range to
overwrite existing data.
• The Transpose option can change the orientation
of the pasted entries. For example, if the original
cells' entries run down the rows of a single
column of the worksheet, the transposed pasted
entries will run across the columns of a single
row (see steps below).
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To use the Transpose option
• The Transpose option can change the orientation of the pasted
entries. For example, if the original cells' entries run down the
rows of a single column of the worksheet, the transposed
pasted entries will run across the columns of a single row.
• Select the range of data you wish to copy and transpose.
• On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click Copy icon.
• OR press Ctrl+C.
• Click the cell where you want to place the range.
• On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the down arrow
of the Paste icon and click Transpose.
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Excel 2013 Help
• The Excel 2013 Help system is
an excellent source of
information that many users
tend to forget about it.
• This Help information is
available by clicking the
question mark icon in the
upper-right corner of Excel's
window. Or, just press F1 key to
displays Excel Help in a new
window.
• The Excel Help window is
displayed. Excel attempts to use
your Internet connection to
update its topics.
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Help Topics
• You can click on any topic to get
help.
• As an example, click on the
What's new link. You will see
the following.
• You can click on any link topics
and continue reading the
particular topic.
• When you have finished
experimenting, close the Excel
Help window.
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To search for help
• Press F1 to open the Excel Help
window.
• From the Excel Help window, type
in a keywords or words relating to
the help you need within the text
box near the top of the window.
• For instance, to display help about
printing, type in the word 'print'.
Click on the Search button next to
the text input box. You will see a
range of topics related to printing.
• Clicking on any of these topics will
display more information about
Excel printing.
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To display Help Table of Contents
• Press F1 to open the
Excel Help window.
• Click on the Table of
Contents icon (the one
with book icon).
• You will now see a Table
of Contents displayed
down the left side of the
Excel Help window.
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To print a help topic
• Display an item of interest within the Excel Help window.
• Click on the Print icon displayed within the Excel Help
toolbar. This will print the current page.
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Formatting and Customizing Data
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Excel: Formatting and Customizing Data
You need to cover topic:
Getting Started
☻ Discover The Excel Cell Alignment Options
☻ Mastering The Excel Number Formatting!
☻ Adding Header and Footer to the Excel 2013 Spreadsheets - Step-
by-step Guide
☻ How to Prevent the Cell Editing? Turn Off it!
☻ How to Merge and Unmerge Cells (Columns) in Microsoft Excel
2013?
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Excel alignment formatting
• The options allow you to change alignment of the text in
a cell or cells, text orientation, merge several cells
together and so on.
• For more alignment options, you can click on the
Alignment group dialog box launcher to display the
Format Cells dialog box.
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Data Alignment
• To align data between the left and right sides of a cell
– Select the cell, or cells, you wish to align.
– On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click the Align Text Left icon to align data
with the left edge of the cell.
– Click on the Center icon to center data in the cell.
– Click on the Align Text Right icon to align data with the right edge of the cell.
• To align data between the top and bottom of a cell
– Select the cell, or cells, you wish to align.
– On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click the Top Align icon to align data in
the top position of the cell.
– Click on the Middle Align icon to centralized data vertically in the cell.
– Click the Bottom Align icon to align data in the bottom position of the cell.
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To change the orientation of data cells
• Select the cell, or cells, you wish to
change.
• On the Home tab, in the Alignment
group, click the Orientation icon.
You will see a drop down menu
allowing you to format the cell
orientation.
• Select any one of the command.
Experiment with applying some of
the other orientation effects.
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To wrap multiple lines of data in a cell
• Type the text 'The Ultimate Guide
to Excel 2013' into the cell C5 and
press Enter.
• The entry will appear as one long
line that does not 'fit' into the cell.
• Select the cell C5 and then on the
Home tab, in the Alignment group,
click the Wrap Text icon.
• The text will wrap as follow:
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To merge several cells
• Select the cells that you wish to merge to become one
cell.
• On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click the
Merge & Center icon.
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To shrink the text into one cell
• Type the data you require into
the cell and press Enter.
• Right-click on the selected
cells, click Format Cells.
• From the Format Cells dialog
box displayed, click on the
Alignment tab.
• Under the Text control
section, tick the Shrink to fit
check box and click on OK.
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Number Formatting
• Number Formats help you to change the appearance of numbers or
values in a cell in the Excel spreadsheet.
• Formatting is done to improve the appearance of the spreadsheet and
to make the numbers easier to read and understand. Commonly used
number formats include adding commas ( , ), percent symbols ( % ),
decimal places, and dollar signs( $ ).
• In Excel 2013, the basic number formatting options are located on the
Home tab, Number group as shown here.
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To change the basic number formatting
• Select the cell containing
number that you wish to format.
• Click on the down arrow next to
the Number Format drop-down
list and select a suitable
command.
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To change number formatting using the
formatting icons
• You can quickly change the formatting of a cell or
selected range by using the following icons on the
Home tab, Number group.
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To format a number as a currency
• Select the cell or range of cells you
want to format.
• Right-click on the cell and choose
Format Cells from the pop-up menu.
• From the Format Cells dialog box
displayed, select the Number tab.
• Under the Category: section, select
Currency.
• Select the number of decimal places
you require by using the Decimal
places: spin box arrows.
• In the Symbol: drop down list, select
the type of currency.
• Click OK.
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Format a number as a percentage
/decimal places/numeric format
• To format a number as a percentage
– Select the cell or range of cells you wish to format.
– Right-click on the cell and choose Format Cells from the pop-up menu.
– From the Format Cells dialog box displayed, select the Number tab.
– Under the Category: section, select Percentage.
– Select the number of decimal places you require by using the Decimal places: spin box arrows.
– Click OK.
• To change the number of decimal places
– Select the cell or range of cells, you wish to change the number of decimal places.
– To increase a decimal place, click on the Increase Decimal icon on the Home tab, Number group. You can continue to
click to increase the decimals as required.
– To reduce a decimal place, click on the Decrease Decimal icon on the Home tab, Number group. You can continue to
click to reduce the decimals as required.
• To round numbers using a numeric format
– Select the cell or range of cells you wish to format.
– Right-click on the cell and choose Format Cells from the pop-up menu.
– From the Format Cells dialog box displayed, select the Number tab.
– In the Category: section, select Number.
– Select the number of decimal places you require by using the Decimal places spin box arrows.
– Click OK.
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To change colors based on the value in
the cells
• Select the cells you wish to change, which
contain numeric values.
• Right-click on the cell and choose Format Cells
from the pop-up menu.
• From the Format Cells dialog box displayed,
select the Number tab.
• Choose Custom from the Category: list box.
• Use the scroll bars in the Type: section of the
dialog box to view what custom number formats
are available.
• For example, to force all negative numbers to be
displayed in red, you would select the option
illustrated below.
• Click OK.
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Excel Header and Footer
• The Excel header and footer are lines of text that print at
the top (header) and bottom (footer) of each page in the
spreadsheet.
• Normally we type in descriptive text to add information
to a spreadsheet such as titles, dates, page numbers, etc.
• A header or footer can appear in three locations on the
page. It can be in the top/bottom left corner, the center,
and the right corner of the page.
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To insert header and footer
• Click the View tab.
• In the Workbook Views group, click
the Page Layout icon.
• Click in the area marked Click to
add header.
 Choose where you want the text to be, left, center or right aligned. In our example as
shown above, it's center align.
 Type the desired text in the appropriate box.
 You also can use the Header & Footer Tools Design Tab, Header & Footer Elements
group to insert the appropriate text.
 If you wish to go to the footer, click on Go to Footer icon in the Navigation group.
 Click the Home tab to apply formatting to the text (font, bold, underline, or color).
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To view/ edit header and footer
• To view header and footer
– Headers and footers are not visible in the normal worksheet view.
– You can use the Page Layout view to see the headers and footers.
– To view a header or footer before printing the spreadsheet, use the Print
Preview option (Office button - Print).
• To edit the excel header and footer
– From the View tab, in the Workbook Views group, click the Page Layout
icon.
– Edit or change the elements in the header or footer as you wish.
– When finish, just press the Esc key and save your work.
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How to Edit Cell or Turn Off Editing
• Excel 2013 allows you to specify if editing should be allowed
only in the Formula bar or also in cells.
• By default, Excel 2013 allows you to edit the cell information
either in the Formula bar or in the cell itself.
• However, in some cases, you may want to turn the in-cell editing
feature off because you want to protect your worksheet cells
data being modify!
• There are two easy ways to edit cell in a worksheet:
– Select the cell and press F2 key and start modifying
– simply double-click on a cell that you wish to modify; When finish, just
press Enter.
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To turn off the cell editing
• Click the Office Button
and then click Excel
Options button.
• From the Excel Options
dialog box displayed,
click the Advanced at the
left side of the dialog
box.
• Under the Editing
options section, clear
the Allow editing directly
in cells check box.
• Click on OK.
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Merging Cells in Excel 2013
• If you look at Row 2, you'll see that the "Items Price" heading stretches
across three cells.
• This is not three separate cells, with a color change for each individual cell.
• The B2, C2 and D2 cells were merged.
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To merge cells in Excel 2013
• Type the words "Items Price" into
cell B2 of a spreadsheet.
• Highlight the cells B2, C2 and D2.
Alignment group, locate the
Merge and Center icon.
• Click the down arrow to see the
following options:
• Click on Merge & Center. The
three cells will then become one -
B2, to be exact!
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To unmerge cells in Excel 2013
• Click on the cell B2 (the cell that merged before).
• On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click on the
down arrow next to the Merge and Center icon.
• Select Unmerge Cells. The cell B2 is now separated into
3 cells.
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Cell Ranges
• Range – a rectangular group of cells
– May be a single cell or the entire worksheet
– May consist of a row (or part of a row), a column (or part of a
column) or multiple rows and/or columns
• To select a range:
– Click left mouse button at the beginning of the range
– Hold left mouse button as you drag the mouse
– Release left mouse button at the end of the range

75
To select a non-contiguous range
• Click left mouse button at the beginning of the
range
• Hold left mouse button as you drag the mouse
• Release left mouse button at the end of the range
• Hold Ctrl key, select additional range.

76
To select a non-contiguous range
Drag through cells
to select
destination range
Hold the Ctrl key,
then select
additional cells

77
Copying and Moving Cells
• Copy command – duplicates the contents of a cell or range of cells
– Source range – the cell(s) you are copying from
– Destination range – the cell(s) you are copying to
• You can copy to more than one destination ranges
• Move operation – transfers the contents of a cell or range to another cell
or range
• You must use both the Copy (or Cut) command and the Paste command

78
Copying using the Fill Handle
Select cells E2:H2. Dragging the
fill handle will copy all four cells to
lower rows.
Border around selected area.
Release the mouse and
formulas are copied

79
Cell Referencing
• Absolute reference: remains constant when copied
– Specified with dollar signs before the column and
row, i.e. $B$4
• Relative reference: adjusts during a copy operation
– Specified without dollar signs, i.e. B4
• Mixed reference: either the row or the column is
absolute; the other is relative
– Specified with a dollar sign before the absolute
part of the reference, i.e. B$4

80
Cell Referencing (cont…)
• Use relative and absolute references correctly
– Use relative cell references if the value will change when a cell is
copied
– Use absolute references if the value remains constant (typically
assumptions)
• Mixed references
– Use when either the row or the column will change
• Isolate your assumptions
– Formulas in cells refer to the assumptions area, not to the actual
values

81
Absolute and Relative References
Absolute references ($B$13) are used to refer to the weight of each exam.
These weights do not change for each student, so absolute references are
needed to keep those references constant as the formula is copied
Relative references (B9) are used to refer to each student’s exam scores. These
scores do change for each student, so relative references are needed to make sure
each student’s average reflects his/her scores

82
Mixed References
• Mixed references are most often used to create a
table, where one value in a formula remains the
same as the formula is copied over a column, but
changes as the formula is copied down a row, and
the other value in a formula does just the opposite.

83
Using Mixed References
Mixed references (C$5)
used for number of
payments, rate of return
Absolute reference used
for amount of contribution
When the formula in cell C6 is
copied to other columns, the
number of payments will always
come from column B, so that
column reference needs to be
absolute. When it is copied to
other rows, the number of
payments will come from the row
the formula is being copied to, so
the row reference needs to be
relative.
The reference for the expected
rate of return is just the opposite.
As the formula in cell C6 is
copied to other columns, the
expected rate of return will reflect
the column the cell is being copied
to, so the column reference needs
to be relative. As the cell is
copied to other rows, the rate of
return will always come from row
5, so the row reference needs to be
absolute.

84
Assumptions
• Base your formulas on cell references, not values.
• The cells containing the values (assumptions) should
be clearly labeled and set apart.
• Change the assumptions in the worksheet and see
the effects instantly
– Also minimizes the chance for error: you change
the assumptions in one place
• Usually it uses absolute references

85
The Assumptions
Enter new exam
weights in row 13
New student averages are
automatically recalculated

86
Comments
• Comments provide explanation for values
and/or descriptions of formulas.
• Comments are indicated by a small triangle
in the upper right corner of a cell.

87
To Insert Comments
• To create a comment, select
cell and go to Review Tab.
• Select New Comment inside
the comments group, or
(shift+F2).
• Enter the comments inside
the box, when finish click
outside the box.
• To hide/show the
comments, click show all
comments
• To delete a comments, click
delete icon on the
comments group.

88
Conditional Formatting
• It is a very useful feature for quickly identifying cells
where the values fall within a given range.
• As an example, given the exercise, all students with
averages above 90 could be formatted in one color
and all students with averages below 70 could be
formatted in another color.
• This would allow the professor to easily identify
those students who were doing very well and those
that needed assistance.

89
To use the Conditional Formatting
• Select the range
that contains
values
• Go to Home tab,
and select the
Conditional
Formatting inside
the Styles group.
• Choose the
styles/rules which
are favourable.

Creating and Formatting Tables
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Excel: Creating and Formatting Tables
Getting Started
☻ How to insert a Table in Excel 2013?
☻ Formatting the Excel 2013 Table As You Needs!
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Excel 2013 Table
• The Excel 2013 table is simply a rectangular range of structured
data.
• It consists of several rows and columns and is a great way to
organize little bits of data into a meaningful picture.
• By using the table features, you can then manage the data in the
table rows and columns independently from the data in other rows
and columns on the worksheet.
• There are three ways to create a table in Excel 2013, and each
method has its purpose.
• 1) Use Insert Table dialog box
• 2) Use Table icon
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To create a table with Insert Table
dialog box
• Open a new worksheet or workbook.
• On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click
on the Table icon.
• OR press Ctrl + T or CTRL+L.
• From the Create Table dialog box displayed,
Excel tries to guess the range, and whether
the table has a header row.
• Most of the time, it guesses correctly. .
• If not, make your corrections by click and
drag the ranges to create the table.
• Click OK.
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To add text to a Excel 2013 table
• When the table first appears on the worksheet, the
insertion point is place in the first cell of the table.
• To insert the data to the table, just start typing.
• To moves between cells, you can use the mouse to click
the particular cell or use the following keystrokes:
• Tab - Move to the next cell.
• Shift + Tab - Move to the previous cell.
• Down Arrow - Move to the next row.
• Up Arrow - Move to the previous row.
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To select a row/column in a Table
• To select a row
– Move the mouse to the left of a cell in the first column, and the
mouse pointer changes to a right-pointing arrow. Click to select
the entire table row.
– OR press Shift + Space.
• To select a column
– Move the mouse to the top of a cell in the header row, and the
mouse pointer changes to a down-pointing arrow. Click to select
the data in the column.
– Click a second time to select the entire table column (including
the header).
– OR press Ctrl + Space (once or twice)
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To select the entire Excel 2013 table
• Move the mouse to the upper-left part of the upper-left
cell.
• When the mouse pointer turns into a diagonal arrow,
click to select the data area of the table.
• Click a second time to select the entire table OR press
Ctrl + A (once or twice)
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Formatting the Excel Table
• To change columns width and row height
• To add rows or columns
• To delete column or row
• To move a table within the worksheet
• To move a table to a different worksheet
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To change columns width and row
height
• Position the mouse pointer on the border below the row
or to the right of the column that you want to resize. The
mouse pointer turns into a line with arrows on each side
of it.
• Hold down the mouse button as you drag the row or
column to a new height or width. A dotted line appears
showing where it will go.
• Release the mouse button.
• You can have a column automatically resize to fit the
contents of column by double-clicking on the column
edge.
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To add rows or columns
• Click within the row where you want to insert a new row
or column.
• Right-click and point to Insert from the shortcut menu
and choose one of the options.
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To delete column or row
• Click within the column or row where you want to delete.
• Right-click and point to Delete from the shortcut menu
and choose one of the options.
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Moving a table
• To move a table within the worksheet
– Move the mouse pointer to any of the table borders.
– When the mouse pointer turns into a cross with four arrows, click
and drag the table to its new location.
• To move a table to a different worksheet
– Press Alt + A twice to select the entire table.
– Press Ctrl + X to cut the selected cells.
– Activate the new worksheet and select the upper-left cell for the
table.
– Press Ctrl + V to paste the table.
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Pivot Tables
• Present data in summary/repot format.
– Divides the records in a list into categories
– Computes summary statistics for those categories
– Can be refreshed when the underlying list is changed
• The idea is that you can click drop down lists and change the data
that is being displayed.
• For example, choose just one student from a drop down list and
view only his or her scores.

The use of Pivot Table
• Create a spreadsheet as follow:
• Highlight the data that will be
going in to your Pivot Table (cells
A1 to D37).
• On the Excel 2013 menu bar, click
Insert.
• From the Insert menu, locate the
Tables Panel.
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The use of Pivot Table (cont…)
• On the Tables panel
click Pivot Tables.
• The Create Pivot Tables
dialogue box appears.
• In the dialogue box
above, the data that we
highlighted is in the
Table/Range textbox.
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• When you click OK,
Excel 2013 present you
with a rather complex
layout.
• The area on the right
should look something
like this.
• Tick all four boxes in the
field list:
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• For the Report Filter, we want the name
of a Student.
• For the Column Labels, we want the
Subject.
• For the Row Labels, we'll just have the
Month.
• The Values will be the Average scores.
• Your Field areas will then look like this.
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• The Pivot Table on your spreadsheet will look a lot different, too.
• It should be looking like this.
• Our Pivot Table is coming along, but the scores are all wrong, and it
needs tidying up a bit.
• The reason why the scores from our Pivot Table are so strange is
because Excel 2013 is using the wrong formula. It's using a Sum total
when we want it to use an Average.
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• To change the formula, click on Sum of Score under the Values field
area:
• Select, Field Settings to see the following dialogue box:
• Change the Formula from Sum to Average, and then click OK.
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• Your Average formula won't be formatted to any decimal places. So highlight you data.
• On the Home menu in Excel 2013, locate the Number panel.
• Format your Averages so that it has no decimal places.
• Your Pivot Table will then look like this:
• Rename row labels and column labels to your own headings.
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• You can change the styles of your pivot table according to your taste.
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Formulas and Functions
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Excel: Formulas and Functions
Getting Started
☻ How to Write an Excel Formula?
☻ Do You Really Know the Excel 2013 Functions?
☻ Using the Excel NOW Function
☻ Example Using the Excel 2013 PRODUCT Function
☻ Learn the Excel IF Function: Real-live Example!
☻ Using the Excel MAX Function to find…
☻ Introducing: Excel 2013 CELL Function
☻ The RADIANS Function: Convert Degrees to Radians
☻ Excel 2013 DATE Function: An Easy Way to Insert a Date into a
Formula
☻ Count...Count...Count... What You Can Do with Excel 2013 COUNT
Function
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Excel 2013 Formula
• A formula is an equation that performs operations on worksheet data. You can
use an Excel 2013 formula to perform mathematical operations, such as addition
and multiplication, or they can compare worksheet values, join text, averaging a
student's test results, etc.
• Formulas can refer to other cells on the same worksheet, cells on other sheets in
the same workbook, or cells on sheets in other workbooks. In addition, if you
change the data in your spreadsheet, Excel will automatically recalculate the
answer without you having to re-enter the formula.
• A basic formula format will start with an equals sign (=) followed by one or more
operands, separated by one or more operators. Operands can be values, text,
cell references, ranges, defined names, or function names. Operators are
symbols used to represent the various arithmetic and comparison operations
you can perform on the operands.
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Excel 2013 Formula (cont…)
• In Microsoft Excel 2013, operators are executed in this order:
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To enter a formula
• Place the cursor in the cell where the formula will appear, i.e.E5.
• Enter an = sign. All Excel formulas start with the 'equal' sign.
• Enter the expression that will produce the result you want. This can
consist of operands, values, variables, and symbols which represent
mathematical procedures such as + or - to add and subtract, e.g.
A5+C5.
• When the formula is complete, press Enter. The result of the formula
will be calculated and displayed in the cell E5.
• You can see the formula in the Formula bar at the top of the screen
by placing the cell pointer on the cell E5.
• If there is an error in a formula, an error message is displayed which
will begin with a # sign.
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To know the Excel 2013 formula error
messages
• When writing formulas it is easy to make a mistake. Here are some
common mistakes:
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To enter a cell or range reference by
pointing
• Place the cursor in the cell where the formula will appear.
• Enter the formula up to the point of the cell or range reference, e.g.
to enter the formula =E2+E5, only enter the = sign.
• Using the arrow keys, move the cell pointer to the first cell
reference, in this case E2. The formula will track your progress and
enter the current address into the formula.
• Enter the operand, + sign.
• Using the arrow keys, move the cell pointer to the second cell
reference, in this case E5. If you are calculating a range of cells, hold
down the Shift key while using the arrow keys to move to the
intended cells.
• Press Enter to complete the formula when you have reached the cell
you require.
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Excel 2013 Functions
• Excel 2013 Functions are build-in, special commands that
incorporated into the formulas to perform mathematical
calculations. It can be used to make complex operations simple.
• Excel 2013 contains a build-in list of worksheet functions, which are
categorised to make it easy to search for the ones you need.
• Excel has over 300 built-in functions divided into various function
categories, including:
– Financial, Logical, Text, Date & Time, Lookup & Reference, Math & Trigonometry,
Information, Database, Statistical, Engineering, Cube.
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Excel 2013 Functions (cont…)
• Here are some commonly used functions:
– AVERAGE: Used to determine the average value of the selected cells contents.
– COLUMNS: Used to return the number of columns within a reference.
– COUNT: Used to count how many numbers are in the list.
– MAX: Used to return the maximum number from a list.
– MIN: Used to return the minimum number from a list.
– ROUND: Used to round off numbers to a specified number of decimal points.
– SUM: Used to add the contents of selected cells.
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To display all the available functions
• Open a blank Excel workbook.
• Click on the Formulas tab and
within the Function Library
group click on the Insert
Function icon.
• From the Insert Function dialog
box displayed, under Or select
a category: section, select a
particular category function,
the related functions will
displayed.
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To enter functions directly into the
worksheet cell
• Select the cell into which the formula will be entered.
• Insert an equal (=) sign to begin the formula. The formula
toolbar buttons will appear.
• Enter the name of the function [e.g. SUM], followed by an
opening parenthesis [(], any arguments required for the
function [e.g. E2:E5], and closing parenthesis[)].
• Press Enter. If there are no errors in the formula, the result
of the function will be entered in the cell. If you activate
the cell again, the function will be displayed in the formula
bar.
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Excel NOW Function
• The Excel NOW function is one of Excel's date and time
functions. It is used to add the current date and time to a
worksheet/spreadsheet.
• The syntax for the NOW function is:
= NOW ( )
• The NOW function takes no arguments.
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To use the Excel 2013 NOW Function
• Click on cell C5 - the location
where the results will be
displayed.
• Click on the Formulas tab.
• In the Function Library group, click
the Date & Time icon to open the
function drop down list.
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To use the Excel 2013 NOW Function
(cont…)
• Click on NOW in the list to bring
up the Function Arguments dialog
box. You will see the =NOW( )
displayed in the cell C5 as well as
in the formula bar.
• Click OK.
• The current time and date should
appear in cell C5.
• When you click on cell C5 the
complete function =NOW( )
appears in the formula bar.
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The Excel 2013 PRODUCT Function
Guide
• The Excel 2013 PRODUCT function provides a quick way to multiple
numbers and returns the product (result).
• The advantage of using this function becomes apparent if you have
several numbers to multiply together. It is easier then building a long
formula.
• The syntax for the PRODUCT function is:
=PRODUCT (Number1, Number2, ... Number255)
• Number1, Number2, … is numbers that enter into the Excel
spreadsheet. Up to 255 numbers can be entered into the function.
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To use the PRODUCT function
• Enter the following data into cells C1 to C3:
• Click on cell C5 - the location where the results will be displayed.
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To use the PRODUCT function (cont…)
• Click on the Excel 2013
Formulas tab.
• Choose Math & Trig from the
ribbon to open the function
drop down list.
• Click on PRODUCT in the list to
bring up the function's dialog
box. Enter the following data
into cells C1 to C3:
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To use the PRODUCT function (cont…)
• From the Function
Arguments dialog box
displayed, enter C1 for
Number1 and C2 for
Number2.
• Click OK. The result will
display on cell C5 that is 80 in
this case.
 From the Function Arguments dialog box displayed, enter C1 for Number1 and C2 for
Number2.
 Click OK. The result will display on cell C5 that is 80 in this case.
 The results you will get:
 =Product(C1, C2) would return 80.
 =Product(C1, C2, C3) would return 720.
 =Product(C1, C2, C3, -2) would return -1440.
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Excel 2013 IF Function
• The Excel 2013 IF function, one of Excel's logical functions, tests to see if
a certain condition in a spreadsheet is true or false.
• You can use the IF Function for various purposes. For example, you can
use the function to grade student exam scores. If the student has above
85, award an A grade; if the student has below 40, award a fail grade.
• The syntax for the IF function is:
=IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
– logical_test - a value or expression that is tested to see if it is true or false.
– value_if_true - the value that is displayed if logical_test is true.
– value_if_false - the value that is displayed if logical_test is false.
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To use the Excel 2013 IF function
• Enter the following data in an Excel worksheet as illustrated.
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(cont…)
• Let say the student scores are based on the following:
– A If the student scores 85 or above
– B If the student scores 70 to 84
– C If the student scores 55 to 69
– D If the student scores 40 to 54
– FAIL If the student scores below 40
• Now, click on cell C3 - the location where one of the results
will be displayed.
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(cont…)
• Click on the Formulas tab and choose Logical function from
the ribbon to open the drop down list.
• Click on IF in the list to bring up the function's dialog box.
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(cont…)
• From the If Function Arguments dialog box displayed, click on the icon with red
color pointing upwards behind the Logical_test.
• Then, type in the following formula and click on the red color icon pointing down.
B3>=85; "A“; IF(B3>=70; "B“; IF(B3>=55; "C“; IF(B3>=40; "D”; "Fail“ )))
• Click OK.
• If you want to see the full formula, click on the cell C3 and the formula will be
display on the Formula Bar.
• Note: Some of the conditional operator you need to know:
< Less Than
>= Greater than Or Equal To
<= Less than Or Equal To
<> Not Equal To
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(result)
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Excel 2013 MAX Function
• The Excel 2013 MAX function, one of Excel's statistical
functions, is used to find the largest value in a given list of
arguments.
• The syntax for the MAX function is:
=MAX(argument1, argument2, ... argument30)
• Argument1, argument 2, ... argument 30 can be numbers,
named ranges, arrays, or cell references. Up to 30
arguments can be entered.
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To use the Excel 2013 MAX Function
• Enter the following data into the Excel spreadsheet.
• Click on cell C8 or any other cells where the results will be
displayed.
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(cont…)
• From the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click
the More Functions icon and point to Statistical to open the
function drop down list.
• Click on MAX in the list to bring up the function's dialog box.
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(cont…)
• From the Max Function
Arguments dialog box displayed,
type C1:C6 or you can drag the
mouse from cell C1 to C6.
• Click OK. The result will display
on the cell C8.
 If you choose the different ranges, the following result will display.
=Max(C1, C2) would return 632.
=Max(C3, C5, 896) would return 896.
=Max(C2:C6) would return 808.
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Excel 2013 CELL Function
• CELL function's job is to give out information about a cell such as its
formatting, the type of data it contains, and whether or not the cell is
locked or protected. For example, if you want to verify that a cell
contains a numeric value instead of text before you perform a
calculation on it, you can use the CELL function.
• The syntax for the CELL function is:
= CELL (info_type, [reference])
– info_type - the type of cell information you want to return. It's a text value.
– reference (optional) - the cell reference that is being checked. If omitted, the
information specified in the info_type argument is returned.
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To use the Excel 2013 CELL function
• Open an Excel spreadsheet and
enter a number, such as " 88 ",
into cell C2.
• Click on cell D2 - the location
where the results will be
displayed.
• Click on the Formulas tab.
• From the Function Library
group, click the More Functions
icon, then point to Information
and click on CELL in the list to
bring up that function's dialog
box.
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To use the Excel 2013 CELL function
(cont…)
• On the Info_type line, enter the word
"type".
• On the Reference line, click on cell C2 in
the spreadsheet to enter the cell
reference into the dialog box.
• Click OK.
• The letter " v " should appear in cell D2 to
indicate that the data in the cell is a value.
• When you click on cell D2, the complete
function = CELL("type",D2) appears in the
formula bar.
 Note:
 If cell C2 contained a word of text, the letter " l " would appear in cell D2 to indicate that the cell contained a label.
 If cell C2 contained a date, the letter " v " would appear in cell D2 to indicate that the cell contained a value - dates
are often considered to be values in Excel.
 If cell C2 was empty, the letter " b " would appear in cell D2 to indicate that the cell was blank.2/19/2019
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Excel 2013 RADIANS Function
• The Excel 2013 Radians function is one of the Math & Trig
functions. It's use to convert angles measured in degrees to
radians.
• The syntax for the RADIANS function is:
=RADIANS(Angle)
• Angle - the angle in degrees to be converted to radians.
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To use the Excel 2013 RADIANS function
• Enter 180 into the cell C2.
• Click on cell D2 in the
spreadsheet - where the
result will be displayed.
• Click on the Formulas tab of
the ribbon menu.
• From the Function Library
group, click the Math & Trig
icon and from the function
drop down list, drag down
and click on RADIANS to
bring up the function's dialog
box.
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To use the Excel 2013 RADIANS function
(cont…)
• From the Function
Arguments dialog box
displayed, click on the Angle
line.
• Click on cell C2 in the
spreadsheet (the degrees to
convert to radians).
• Click OK.
• The result 3.141593 should
appear in cell D2.
• When you click on cell D2 the
complete function
=RADIANS(C2) appears in the
formula bar.
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Excel 2013 Date Function
• The Excel 2013 Date function allows us to display the
current date and time in our worksheet.
• The TODAY( ) function automatically retrieves the current
date. It is useful for creating spreadsheets that continuously
update themselves such as to determines the number of
days a payment is overdue.
• The NOW( ) function is similar to the TODAY( ) function,
except it retrieves the current date along with the current
time.
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Date and Time Functions: TODAY
• Click on the cell B3, where the answer will appear.
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Date and Time Functions: TODAY
(cont…)
• From the Formula tab, in the
Function Library group, click the
Date & Time icon and from the drop
down menu, click the TODAY
command.
• From the Function Arguments
dialog box displayed, click OK.
• The today date will display on the
cell B3.
 Note: If you directly type =TODAY( ) to the cell B3, the same result will appear. The
following day, month and year functions are based on this date.
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Date and Time Functions: DAY /
MONTH / YEAR
• To demonstrate the use of Date and Time Functions: DAY
– Click on cell B4 and enter the following function:
=DAY(B3)
– Press the Enter key. You will notice that the current day of the month is displayed on the cell
B4.
• To demonstrate the use of Date and Time Functions: MONTH
=MONTH(B3)
B5.
• To demonstrate the use of Date and Time Functions: YEAR
=YEAR(B3)
B6.
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Date and Time Functions: DATE
• The Excel 2013 DATE function is a quick and easy way to insert
a date into a formula. DATE( ) accepts three numbers, each of
which represents a different component of the date. Here's
what it looks like:
• DATE(year, month, day)
• So, if you enter this formula into a cell:
=DATE(2010, 1, 1)
• Excel displays the date 1/1/2010.Press the Enter key. You will
notice that the current day of the month is displayed on the
cell B6.
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Excel 2013 Count Function
• Excel 2013 Count function is to calculate the number of entries in
a range of cells (list of arguments). It counts only the numeric
values and excludes the text values, dates, and logical values.
• The syntax for the Count function:
=COUNT (value1[,value2,...]) whereby
• value1, value2,... is one or more ranges, arrays, function results,
expressions, or literal values of which you want the count.
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The use of the Count function
• Click on the cell C9.
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The use of the Count function (cont…)
• From the Formula tab, in the
Function Library group, click the
More Functions icon and point to
Statistical from the drop down
menu, click the COUNT
command.
• From the Function Arguments
dialog box displayed, enter C4:C8
in the Value1 entry. The Count
function will calculate the
number of occurrences in the
range from C4 to C8.
• Click OK.
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The use of the Count function (cont…)
• Repeat the above process for the cells D9 and D10 to get the results.
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154
The PMT Function
• Calculates a periodic payment for a loan
based on constant payments and a constant
interest rate, such as a car or mortgage
payment.
• Based on:
– Amount financed
– Interest rate
– Number of periods

Excel 2013 PMT Function
• The syntax for the PMT function:
= PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)
– Rate is the interest rate for the loan.
– Nper is the total number of payments for the loan.
– Pv is the present value, or the total amount that a series of future
payments is worth now; also known as the principal.
– Fv is the future value, or a cash balance you want to attain after
the last payment is made. If fv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0 (zero), that
is, the future value of a loan is 0.
– Type is the number 0 ((at the end of the period) or 1 (at the
beginning of the period) and indicates when payments are due. If type is
omitted, it is assumed to be 0 (zero).
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The use of the PMT function
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Interest rate
divided by 12
Number of
payments
multiplied by 12
Amount
financed

157
The FV function
• Returns the future value of an investment based on periodic,
constant payments and a constant interest rate.
– For example, contributions to your pensions.
Based on:
– Number of periods
– Expected rate of return
– Amount invested each period

Excel 2013 FV Function
• The syntax for the FV function:
= FV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,type)
– Rate is the interest rate per period.
– Nper is the total number of payment periods in an annuity.
– Pmt is the payment made each period; it cannot change over the life of the annuity.
Typically, pmt contains principal and interest but no other fees or taxes. If pmt is
omitted, you must include the pv argument.
– Pv is the present value, or the lump-sum amount that a series of future payments is
worth right now. If pv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0 (zero), and you must include
the pmt argument.
– Type is the number 0 (at the end of the period) or 1 (at the beginning of the period)
and indicates when payments are due. If type is omitted, it is assumed to be 0.
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The use of the PV function
• Note: The annual interest rate is divided by 12 because it is
compounded monthly.
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160
The Goal Seek Command
• To find the result you want by adjusting an input value
• Allows you to set an end result and vary the inputs (assumptions)
to produce that result
– Only one input can be varied at a time
• All other assumptions remain constant
– For example, set a desired monthly car payment
• Vary the amount financed
• Interest rate and number of months remain the same

161
Using the Goal Seek Command

162
The VLOOKUP function
• To search the first column of a range of cells, and then
return a value from any cell on the same row of the
range.
• Allows Excel to look up a value in a table and return a
related value.
• V = vertical
• Requires three arguments:
– the numeric value (or cell) to look up
– the range of the table
– the column number containing the value you want to
return

Excel 2013 VLOOKUP Function
• The syntax for the VLOOKUP function:
= VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
– lookup_value ~ Required. The value to search in the first column of the
table or range. The lookup_value argument can be a value or a reference.
– table_array ~ Required. The range of cells that contains the data.
– col_index_num ~ Required. The column number in the table_array
argument from which the matching value must be returned.
– range_lookup ~ Optional. A logical value that specifies whether you want
VLOOKUP to find an exact match or an approximate match.
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164
Using the VLOOKUP Function

165
The Sort Command
• Arranges records in a list according to the value in designated fields
– Can sort on values (text, numeric, or date fields) and colors.
– Can sort in ascending or descending order.
– Can sort many fields
• When sorting on more than one field, choose most important field
as the primary sort key
• If you sort, then add names to the list, you need to re-sort the list

167
To use the Sort Command (table)

168
The Filter Command
• Allows you to display a selected set of rows within a worksheet
– Displays rows that meet selected criteria
– Other rows are hidden, not deleted
• You may set criteria on multiple fields
– If you set criteria on multiple fields, a row must meet all the
criteria to be displayed
• On the Data Tab , select Filter.
• On the dropdown, select the criteria that you want, i.e. Students
who fail the course.

171
Database Concepts
• Lists can be used as simple databases
• Record: individual information contained in a row
– First row contains field names
• Field: unique information contained in a column
for a record
– Fields are the same for each record (row)
• Key is used to determine the sequence in which
the rows appear

172
List and Data Management
• List: an area of a worksheet that contains similar rows of data
• Need valid input to produce valid output
– Verify spelling of field names and records (use the Spell Check)
• Edit the list through Insert Row and Columns command and
Delete command

173
Creating a List
Field Names
Record
Field
Key

174
The Data Form Command
• Data form: provides easy way to add, edit, and
delete records in a list
• Select the Form command on the quick access
toolbar.
– Displays a dialog box based on the fields in the list
– You need to enter the field names and one row
manually to use the form

Printing
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Excel: Printing
Getting Started
☻ Excel 2013 Print Preview Feature, Preview Worksheets Before
Printing
☻ Excel 2013 Printing - Discover How Printing in Excel 2013 Can be
Easy!
☻ How to Print Excel Worksheet and Print Multiple Areas of a
Workbook?
☻ Guide on Printing Multiple Worksheets from a Workbook in
Microsoft Excel?
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Excel 2013 Print Preview
• Print Preview shows you exactly how the worksheet data
will be paged when printed and you can make last
minute changes to the page settings or even the
spreadsheet contents before sending it to the printer
when everything looks okay.
• Note: The keyboard shortcut for Print Preview: Ctrl + F2.
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To switch to print preview
• Click the Office Button and then point to Print and click
on the Print Preview command.
• Excel displays the first page of the report in a separate
window with its own Print Preview contextual tab.
• When finished previewing, click Close Print Preview.
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Excel 2013 Print Preview Commands
• The print preview window contains several icons:
– Print - Opens the Print dialog box. Clicking this icon while in Print Preview will
returns to the Normal view.
– Page Setup - Opens the Page Setup dialog box.
– Zoom - Changes the size at which your worksheet is previewed.
– Next Page - Previews the next page of your worksheet.
– Previous Page - Previews the previous page of your worksheet.
– Show Margins - Displays or hides sheet margins.
– Close Print Preview - Returns to Normal view.
• When Excel displays a full page in the Print Preview window, you
can barely read its contents; so you can increase the view to actual
size if you need to verify some of the information.
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To zoom on Excel 2013 print preview
• Click the Zoom icon in the Print Preview tab can zoom up to 100% (actual size) or
• Click once on the previewed page with the magnifying-glass mouse pointer.
• Press the keyboard PgUp and PgDn keys to scroll up or down the page, respectively
• Press Ctrl + PgUp and Ctrl + PgDn to scroll left and right, respectively.
• Click the Zoom icon in the Print Preview tab can zoom up to 100% (actual size) or
• Click once on the previewed page with the magnifying-glass mouse pointer.
• Press the keyboard PgUp and PgDn keys to scroll up or down the page, respectively
• Press Ctrl + PgUp and Ctrl + PgDn to scroll left and right, respectively.
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Print in Excel 2013
• To print using the Print dialog box
• From the Office Button, click on Print or press the
keyboard shortcut: Ctrl + P.
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Print in Excel 2013 (cont…)
• From the Print dialog box displayed, there are several options:
– All - Selecting this option will print all the pages in the document.
– Page(s) - Allow you to choose range of pages to print. To reprint a single page,
enter its page number in both the From and To text boxes (same).
– Selection - Print the cells that are currently selected in the workbook.
– Active Sheet(s) - If you select to print multiple worksheets, use this option.
– Entire Workbook - Print all the data in each of the worksheets in your workbook.
– Table - Print only the data range that is formatted as a table.
– Number of Copies - enter the number of copies you want to print in this box.
• After finish choosing all the options, just click the OK or press Enter will send the job
to the printer for printing.
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Printing Multiple Areas of a Workbook
• You can print noncontiguous areas of your worksheet, and this just involves
little more than selecting the cells you want to print. Why you may want to
print noncontiguous areas of your worksheet?
• Take an example, if you have sales data for several products, that each of
them is in a worksheet column, you can choose and print only the columns
that are of interest to you. How to do that?
• Simple. Pressing and holding down the Ctrl key as you click and drag the
intended areas you wish to print. After you select areas, you set them as the
print area. If you need, you can preview the worksheet before hit the print
button.
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To print Excel worksheet - Multiple
areas of a workbook
• Press and hold the Ctrl key as you click and drag to select each area you want
to print.
• Click the Page Layout tab.
• In the Page Setup group, click Print Area icon and from the menu appears click
the Set Print Area.
• In the Page Setup group, click the Print Titles icon.
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areas of a workbook
• From the Page Setup dialog box
displayed, click the Sheet tab.
• The areas you selected in the first
step are shown in the Print area:
column.
• Click and drag the columns or rows
you want to repeat or type the
range.
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areas of a workbook
• Click the Print Preview button.
• The Print Preview window shows the first page of the printout
containing an area you selected in the first step.
• Click the Next Page or Previous Page icons to view subsequent or
previous pages.
• The Print Preview window shows the next or previous page of the
printout containing an area you selected in the first step above.
• Click Print icon when you are satisfied with the layout.
• Excel prints the selected multiple areas of a workbook.
• Click Close Print Preview icon to finish.
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To add or clear the print areas
• You can add to the print area by selecting a range and
clicking the Print Area icon in the Page Layout group and
then click Add to Print Area option from the menu appears.
• In the Page Setup group, click Print Area icon and from the
menu appears click the Clear Print Area. Print Areas stay in
effect until you clear them.
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Printing Multiple Worksheets from a
Workbook
• You can select and print multiple worksheets at the same
time.
• To select two or more adjacent sheets for printing, hold
down the Shift key and click the tab (such as Sheet 1,
Sheet2, etc) for each sheet you want to print.
• To select several nonadjacent worksheets, hold down the
Ctrl key and click the tab for each sheet you want to print.
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To print multiple worksheets
• Press and hold down the Ctrl key.
• Click to select the individual tabs
you want to print (for example
Sheet 1 and Sheet 3). You can click
Chart tabs, Sheet tabs, and tabs you
have renamed.
 Release the Ctrl key. You will notices that the selected tabs appear white.
 From the Page Layout tab, click the Page Setup group launcher.
 From the Page Setup dialog box displayed, select the Sheet tab and click Print Preview.
Each worksheet appears on its own page. The first worksheet you selected will appears
first.
 You can click the Previous Page and Next Page icons to review the selected sheets.
 Click Print icon when you are ready to print. Excel prints the selected worksheets.
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To print all worksheet in the workbook
• Right-click any tab.
• From the menu appears, click Select All Sheets.
• From the Page Layout tab, click the Page Setup group
launcher to open the Page Setup dialog box.
• Do the necessary changes and hit the Print icon/button.
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The Page Setup dialog box Sheet tab
options
• From the Page Layout tab, click the Page
Setup group launcher will open the Page
Setup dialog box.
• Check the Gridlines option will print the
worksheet gridlines. Black and white
option will turn your colorful page to the
black and white.
• Check the Row and column headings
option enable you to print row numbers
and column letters on every page.
• To print comments, select an option in
the Comments field. You can print
comments adjacent to their cells or
gather them at the end of the report.
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Review
• Introduction
• Basic functions, process and types of word
processor
• Comparison of word processor
• Word 2013: Basic understanding
• Word 2013: Formatting
• Word 2013: Using Table
• Word 2013: Working with Graphics
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Summary
• A spreadsheet is often used as a decision-making
tool
• Use Scenario Manager to test a spreadsheet with
different sets of assumptions
• Use a style to set formatting
– Apply conditional formatting
• Use the Formula Auditing toolbar to trace
dependencies between cells
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Summary (continued)
• Use the Data Validation command to restrict data
that can be entered into the cells
• Build a template to create other workbooks
• Protect the worksheet
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Isi Kandungan - Bahagian 4
• Membina Carta
• Kaedah Mengedit Carta
• Mengubahsuai Jenis Carta
• Menambah Data Dalam Carta
196

Membina Carta
197
1
Excel
membenarkan
sesuatu data
mentah
dipersembahkan
dalam bentuk
carta
2
Persembahan
melalui carta ini
kelihatan lebih
menarik dan
mudah untuk
ditafsirkan
3
Pilih data tertentu
untuk
menghasilkan
sebuah carta

Pemilihan Carta Dan Graf Yang Bersesuaian
Tujuan Jenis carta
Perbandingan data
mengikut kategori
Column Chart; Bar Chart, Radar Chart
Perbandingan siri data
berdasarkan masa
Area Chart, Line Chart, Column Chart
(stacked), High-Low Chart
Peratus keseluruhan data Pie Chart, Donut Chart, Stacked Bar or
Column chart
Perhubungan di antara dua
pembolehubah
Scatter Plot
Perhubungan di antara tiga
pembolehubah
3-Dimension Surface Plot
2/19/2019 1:19:13 AM 199

Elemen dalam carta
1. The chart area of the chart. (chart area: Seluruh
carta dan semua elemen
2. The plot area of the chart. (plot area Dalam
carta 2-D, kawasan yang disempadani oleh
paksi, termasuk semua siri data. Dalam carta 3-
D, kawasan yang disempadani oleh paksi,
termasuk siri data, nama-nama kategori, label
tanda-tanda, dan tajuk-tajuk paksi.)
3. The data points of the data series that are plotted in the chart. (data points: Nilai-nilai
individu diplotkan di dalam carta dan diwakili oleh jenis carta (cth pai atau Bar etc)
donat, titik, dan pelbagai bentuk lain yang dikenali sebagai penanda data. Data penanda
warna yang sama membentuk satu siri data.) (data series: Data berkaitan yang
diplotkan di dalam carta. Setiap siri data dalam carta mempunyai warna yang unik atau
corak dan diwakili dalam legend carta. Anda boleh merancang satu atau lebih siri data
dalam carta. Carta pai hanya mempunyai satu siri data.)
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200

4. The horizontal (category) and vertical (value) axis
along which the data is plotted in the chart. (axis:
Satu barisan yang bersempadan dengan kawasan
plot carta digunakan sebagai rangka rujukan untuk
mengukur. Paksi y biasanya paksi menegak dan
mengandungi data. Paksi-x biasanya paksi mendatar
dan mengandungi kategori.)
5. The legend of the chart. (legend: kotak yang
mengenal pasti corak atau warna yang diberikan
kepada siri data atau kategori dalam carta
6. A chart and axis title that you can use in the chart. (titles in charts: Teks deskriptif yang
secara automatik sejajar dengan paksi atau tertumpu di bahagian atas carta
7. A data label that you can use to identify the details of a data point in a data series. (data
label: Satu label yang menyediakan maklumat tambahan mengenai penanda data, yang
merupakan titik data tunggal atau nilai yang berasal dari sel lembaran kerja.)
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201
Elemen dalam carta

Carta dan graf
• Column
• Line
• Pie
• Bar
• Area
• X Y (Scatter)
 Stock
 Surface
 Doughnut
 Bubble
 Radar
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202

Kaedah Menghasilkan Carta
203
• Pilih sel yang mempunyai data (Highlight)
• Klik pada tab Insert dan pilih jenis carta yang dikehendaki

Kaedah Menghasilkan Carta (samb.)
204
• Contoh menggunakan jenis Carta Bar > Stacked Bar

205
Tiada nama
Tiada label paksi x
Tiada label
paksi y
Tiada tajuk carta

206
• Klik pada tab Layout untuk memasukkan data yang berkaitan
• Chart Title - Tajuk carta
• Axis Title - Nama paksi
• Legend - Nama nilai dalam carta
• Data Label - Nilai dalam carta
• Data Table - Untuk masukkan table bersama carta
• Axes - Paksi
• Gridlines - Garisan grid

207
• Tajuk carta, label paksi x dan paksi y dimasukkan

208
• Data yang dimasukkan diberikan nama
Masih belum
ditukar

209
• Nama siri nilai dalam carta juga boleh ditukar
• Klik pada tab Design > Select Data
• Pilih nilai siri dan klik button Edit
Klik sini

210
• Hasil akhir carta

Gaya Carta
211
• Klik tab Design > Chart Style

Format Carta
212
• Mengubah warna carta
• Klik kanan di carta >
Format Chart Area > Fill
• Contoh : Solid Fill >
Hitam
• Lain-lain pilihan seperti
Border color, Border
styles, Shadow, Glow
and Soft Edges, 3-D
Format, Size, Properties
dan Alt Text adalah
mengikut kesesuaian

Format Bar
213
• Mengubah warna bar
• Klik kanan pada bar >
Format Data Series >
Fill
• Contoh : Solid Fill > Biru
• Lain-lain pilihan seperti
Series Option, Border
Color, Border Styles,
Shadow, Glow and Soft
Edges dan 3-D Format
adalah mengikut
kesesuaian

Lain-Lain Format
214
• Kesemua bahagian di dalam carta boleh di edit
• Contoh : Mengubah warna Font

Lain-Lain Format (samb.)
215

Mengubahsuai Jenis Carta
216
• Jenis carta boleh diubahsuai.
• Klik tab Design > Change Chart Type

Mengubahsuai Jenis Carta (samb.)
217

Menambah Data Dalam Carta
218
• Jika data ditambah didalam jadual yang digunakan untuk
membuat carta, data tambahan tidak akan wujud dalam carta
secara automatik
• Untuk data terbaru wujud dalam carta, sedikit ubahsuai perlu
dilakukan
Column Terbaru

Menambah Data Dalam Carta (samb.)
219
• Klik pada carta yang telah
terhasil
• Letakkan tetikus di
bahagian yang
ditunjukkan disebelah
• Klik kiri dan drag ke
column yang baru seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam
rajah
• Data yang ditambah akan
timbul di dalam carta

Menambah Data Dalam Carta (samb.)
220

Column chart
• Data that is arranged in columns or rows
on a worksheet can be plotted in a
column chart. Column charts are useful
for showing data changes over a period
of time or for illustrating comparisons
among items.
• In column charts, categories are
typically organized along the horizontal
axis and values along the vertical axis.
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221

Line chart
• Line charts can display continuous data over time, set
against a common scale, and ideal for showing trends
in data at equal intervals. In a line chart, category data
is distributed evenly along the horizontal axis, and all
value data is distributed evenly along the vertical axis.
• Use a line chart if your category labels are text, and are
representing evenly spaced values such as months,
quarters, or fiscal years. This is especially true if there
are multiple series—for one series, you should consider
using a category chart. You should also use a line chart
if you have several evenly spaced numeric labels,
especially years. If you have more than ten numeric
labels, use a scatter chart instead.
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222

Pie charts
• Data that is arranged in one column or row only on a worksheet can be plotted in a pie
chart.
• Pie charts show the size of items in one data, proportional to the sum of the items.
• The data points in a pie chart are displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.
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223

Bar chart
• Data that is arranged in columns
or rows on a worksheet can be
plotted in a bar chart.
• Bar charts illustrate comparisons
among individual items.
• Consider using a bar chart when:
– The axis labels are long.
– The values that are shown
are durations.
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224

Area charts
• Data that is arranged in columns or rows on a worksheet can be plotted in an area chart.
Area charts emphasize the magnitude of change over time, and can be used to draw
attention to the total value across a trend. For example, data that represents profit over
time can be plotted in an area chart to emphasize the total profit.
• By displaying the sum of the plotted values, an area chart also shows the relationship of
parts to a whole.
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225

X Y (scatter) charts / plots
• Data that is arranged in columns and
rows on a worksheet can be plotted in
an xy (scatter) chart.
• Scatter charts show the relationships
among the numeric values in several
data series, or plots two groups of
numbers as one series of xy
coordinates.
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226

Stock charts
• Data that is arranged in columns or rows in a specific
order on a worksheet can be plotted in a stock chart. As
its name implies, a stock chart is most often used to
illustrate the fluctuation of stock prices. However, this
chart may also be used for scientific data. For example,
you could use a stock chart to indicate the fluctuation
of daily or annual temperatures. You must organize
your data in the correct order to create stock charts.
• The way stock chart data is organized in the worksheet
is very important. For example, to create a simple high-
low-close stock chart, you should arrange your data
with High, Low, and Close entered as column headings,
in that order.
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227

Surface charts
• Data that is arranged in
columns or rows on a
worksheet can be plotted in a
surface chart. A surface chart
is useful when you want to
find optimum combinations
between two sets of data. As
in a topographic map, colors
and patterns indicate areas
that are in the same range of
values.
• You can use a surface chart
when both categories and data
series are numeric values.
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228

Doughnut charts
• Data that is arranged in columns or rows
only on a worksheet can be plotted in a
doughnut chart.
• Like a pie chart, a doughnut chart shows
the relationship of parts to a whole, but it
can contain more than one data series.
• Note: Doughnut charts are not easy to
read. You may want to use a stacked
column or stacked bar chart instead.
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229

Bubble charts
on a worksheet so that x values
are listed in the first column and
corresponding y values and
bubble size values are listed in
adjacent columns, can be plotted
in a bubble chart.
• For example, you would organize
your data as shown in the
following example.
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230

Radar charts
or rows on a worksheet can be
plotted in a radar chart. Radar
charts compare the aggregate
values of several data series.
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STID 1103 - Aplikasi Komputer
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