Infographics for Health: Best Practices

INFOGRAPHICS
FOR HEALTH:
Best Practices
Iris Thiele Isip Tan, MD, MSc
@endocrine_witch
Director, UP Manila Interactive Learning Center
Chief, UP Medical Informatics Unit
Professor, UP College of Medicine

NOTHING TO DISCLOSE
I give consent for the audience to tweet this talk and
give me feedback (@endocrine_witch).
Feel free take pictures of my slides (though the deck will
be at www.slideshare.net/isiptan).

INFOGRAPHIC
AS VISUAL
NARRATIVE
TO DISSEMINATE
RESEARCH
TO POPULARIZE
RESEARCH

Art does not reproduce
the visible; rather,it
makes visible.
“
Red Balloon by Paul Kleewww.PaulKlee.net
Paul Klee, Creative Confession

DR. JOHN SNOW
MAP OF CHOLERA CASES IN 1850’S LONDON

INFOGRAPHIC = INFORMATION GRAPHIC
http://infographiclist.com/tag/diabetes/
Figurative
graphics
Nonﬁgurative
graphics
Written text

VISUAL DATA STORY Includes a set of story pieces
(specific facts backed up by data)
Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, Petra Isenberg, Sheelagh Carpendale, "More Than Telling a Story: Transforming Data into Visually Shared
Stories", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 35, no. , pp. 84-90, Sept.-Oct. 2015, doi:10.1109/MCG.2015.99

VISUAL DATA STORY
Story pieces are visualized to support
one or more intended messages

VISUAL DATA STORY
Story pieces are in meaningful order
or with connection between them to support goal

Stories package information into a structure
that is easily remembered. R Kosara, J Mackinlay. Computer 46 (5), 44-50

Picture credit: http://www.wadeharman.com/the-attention-economy-why-trigger-response-is-vital-marketing/
The ATTENTION ECONOMY is not
growing, which means we have to grab the
attention that someone else has today.
- Brent Leary, CRM Essentials Co-founder

INFOGRAPHIC VS CRITICAL APPRAISAL FORMAT
Preference for summarizing results from systematic reviews
Crick K, Hartling L (2015) Preferences of Knowledge Users for Two Formats of Summarizing Results from Systematic
Reviews: Infographics and Critical Appraisals. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0140029. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140029

INFOGRAPHIC VS CRITICAL APPRAISAL FORMAT
Preference for summarizing results from systematic reviews
Crick K, Hartling L (2015) Preferences of Knowledge Users for Two Formats of Summarizing Results from Systematic
Reviews: Infographics and Critical Appraisals. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0140029. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140029
51% preferred infographic
n = 59
67% (8/12) nurses
68% (15/22) physicians
Rated higher for clarity
Rated higher for aesthetic appeal
No difference between
formats for comprehensibility
Most useful for patients/caregivers
Most useful for professional roles

http://www.surgeryredesign.com/resources/
#VISUALABSTRACT
@andrewmibrahim
Visual summary of the information contained within an abstract

Understand the purposes of and potential uses for
infographics
Cultivate creative visual communication skills
Disseminate a complex health topic to diverse audiences

Brainstorming: Familiarized themselves the infographic genre, selected a
topic, identified sources of information, drafted infographic
Developing: Used Piktochart or other software to develop infographic
Designing: Selected fonts and colors for their infographic
Finalizing: Tested infographic with friends, family, peers and faculty

VISUAL
NARRATIVE
TO DISSEMINATE
RESEARCH
TO POPULARIZE
RESEARCH

Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2019.1599683

Iterative participatory design of
infographics for engagement of
community members with varying
levels of health literacy
Arcia A, et al. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2016;23:174–183. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv079, Research and Applications
Preferred language
(English, Spanish)
Age group
(18–30, 31–60, >60 years)
Level of health literacy
(adequate, marginal,
inadequate).

RIGID LITERAL INTERPRETATIONS
Monotony in eating only fruits in icons
A whole pineapple?!

ICONS (to represent a
general class of things)
reduced comprehension
Running or jogging ONLY
instead of exercise in
general
Stars nearly universally
understood to represent
abstract gradations

FAMILIAR ANALOGY
Simpler and more
universally understood
Not favored because
information-poor

FAMILIAR ANALOGY
Picture of BP measurement & figure illustrating risks
provide context for the viewer

SYMBOLIC & COLOR ANALOGIES
Stoplight color meanings where universally understood

ITERATIVE PARTICIPATORY DESIGN
Identify imagery: meaningful,
culturally relevant and actionable
Visualizations based on
assumptions
May lead to wasted effort
Or be unintentionally
misleading

WHICH DESIGN COMPONENTS
of nutrition infographics make them
memorable and compelling?
Wansink B & Robbins R. Am J Health Behav. 2016;40(6):779-787 
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.40.6.10
Healthy eating behavior for young adults
Focus group discussions
Randomly assigned to ACTIVE vs
PASSIVE processing of infographics

Wansink B & Robbins R. Am J Health Behav. 2016;40(6):779-787 
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.40.6.10
WHAT MAKES AN INFOGRAPHIC MEMORABLE?
An action-oriented title
Not humor or bright colors

What role did information
visualization play in the
popularization of the
technical-biomedical aspects
of the Ebola epidemic?
Miguel Alcíbar. Information visualisation as a
resource for popularising the technical-biomedical
aspects of the last Ebola virus epidemic: The case of
the Spanish reference press. Public Understanding
of Science 2017:1-17

What technical-biomedical-related content
associated with Ebola is visually represented?
Miguel Alcíbar. Information visualisation as a resource for popularising the technical-biomedical aspects of the last Ebola virus
epidemic: The case of the Spanish reference press. Public Understanding of Science 2017:1-17
%
0 25 50 75 100
Epidemiological data56%
Prevention and control measures16.3%
12.4% Injurious effects
Therapies and treatments
Causes of infection
Viral life cycle
Viral load in body fluids
Molecular structure of the virus

Information on
ongoing Ebola epidemic
77.8%
Miguel Alcíbar. Information visualisation as a resource for popularising the technical-biomedical aspects of the last
Ebola virus epidemic: The case of the Spanish reference press. Public Understanding of Science 2017:1-17
SCENARIOS CREATED BY WRITTEN PRESS
to contextualize epidemiological information
Compare current
with previous Ebola
outbreaks
18.8%
Compare Ebola
outbreak with different
previous viral epidemics
3.4%

Two newspapers paid less attention to information
on control & prevention measures.

SOURCES CITED BY JOURNALISTS
for their visual representations
Most frequently cited
71.8%
49.2% as sole source
79.4% with other sources

”
“
— Miguel Alcibar
… explore how visual representations affect
public awareness and understanding of science.
Empirical studies of science literacy have
neglected, to a great extent, the visual aspect
of the public communication of science.

Infographics for Health: Best Practices

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