The document discusses key concepts related to database management including: 1. It defines databases as collections of organized data that can be accessed, retrieved, and used via database management software. 2. Databases contain fields, records, files, and data types which are the basic units that make up a database. 3. Maintaining accurate and up-to-date data is important, and database management systems help ensure data integrity through validation, adding/editing/deleting records, and reducing redundancy. 4. Database systems improve upon file processing systems by allowing many users and programs to securely share centralized data.

1. INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATABASE MANAGEMENT (PART 1) Prepared by: Jan Wong

2. The Learning Outcomes Understand what are DATABASES Identify the components of a database Explain why data is importantto an organization Understand file maintenance techniques File processing System VS Database System

4. Data Integrity

5. GIGO

6. Data Hierarchy

7. Data Types

8. Validation

9. File Processing System

10. Database Processing System

11. Procedure

12. Data Dictionary

14. Data & Information What is Data Integrity? Degree of which data is correct Garbage in, Garbage out (GIGO) - cannot create correct information from incorrect data

15. Data & Information What are the qualities of Valuable Information? 6 Qualities: Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized Meaningful Cost Effective + 1: Accessible

17. Add, Change (edit) & Delete Data

18. Sort & Retrieve Data

19. Create Forms & ReportsDATABASE

20. Data Hierarchy FIELDS RECORDS U C FILES D 1 F CHARACTERS DATABASE 1 1

21. In other words… DATABASE

23. Smallest unit of data a user can access to

24. Field Name: Uniquely identifies each field

25. Field Size: Defines the maximum number of characters the field can contain

26. Data Type: Specifies what kind of data the field containsFIELDS

28. Letters, numbers & special characters

33. How to uniquely differentiate records?Primary Key RECORD

34. Data Hierarchy What is are data files? Collection of related records stored on disk FILE

36. Lecturer Management System

37. Ticket Reservation System (e.g. Cinema)

41. File Processing System Each department has it’s own set of files Records in one file may not relate to records in another file e.g. HR dept & other depts Possible weaknesses: Data redundancy: Same fields / records stored in different files Isolated data: Data stored in different files therefore difficult to access

42. DatabaseProcessing System Many programs and users can share data in database Secures data so only authorized users can access certain data Strengths: Reduced data redundancy Improved data integrity Shared data Faster / Centralized Access Reduced development time

43. “Assists organizations / ‘people’ in creating and managing databases” Database ManagementSystems (DBMS)

44. “Data Dictionary - Contains data about each file in database and each field within those files” Database ManagementSystems (DBMS)

45. “Report Generator - Allows user to design a report on screen, retrieve data into report design, then display or print reports” Database ManagementSystems (DBMS)

47. Actual Change

48. After ImageDatabase ManagementSystems (DBMS)

49. Questions, anyone?

50. Chapter 2: Database Management (Part 2)