11. Vascular cryptogams Division Psilotophyta Division Lycophyta – Selaginella and Lycopodium Division Pterophyta– ferns Division Sphenophyta– horsetails or Equisetum
12. Lycophyta erect stems as well as Stolons and Rhizomes can be epiphytic have Microphylls (leaves) and Roots Branching is Dichotomous for both organs
21. Division Pterophyta Rhizomatous, stolon Roots are adventitious Megaphyll predominate organizational pattern for fern leaves is Pinnate.
22.
23. Megaphyll produced complex stelar organization in some ferns Leafy stems have dissected steles while Rhizomes (produce few or no leaves) have relatively undissected steles.