3. THE PROBLEM
“How did a former corporal get unquestioning
obedience from field marshals? In a land filled
with talented intelligent individuals, how did
such a “zero” person whose only unquestionable
gift was appealing to the baser instincts of the
lower sorts of people, rise to the highest
office?” (Kershaw, p.xii)This course will look at
both Hitler and his adopted countrymen as we
try to solve this puzzle.
8. HITLER HISTORIOGRAPHY
HE WASN’T A DEMON
HE WASN’T MAD
”NOT ONLY THAT, HE HAD VERY
CONSIDERABLE INTELLECTUAL
TALENTS. HE WAS ALSO
COURAGEOUS, SELF-ASSURED, ON
MANY OCCASIONS STEADFAST,
LOYAL TO HIS FRIENDS & TO THOSE
WORKING FOR HIM, SELF-
DISCIPLINED & MODEST IN HIS
PHYSICAL WANTS...GOD GAVE
HITLER MANY TALENTS &
STRENGTHS; & THAT IS WHY HE IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR MISUSING
THEM”(LUKACS, P. 44)
9. SIR IAN KERSHAW
(1943-
LANCASHIRE, SON OF
AN R.A.F. MECHANIC
PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS
UNIV OF LIVERPOOL,
MEDIAVALIST
“Stunned by an aging
Nazi's remark that quot;the Jew
is a lousequot;, he decided to do
some research on the social
history of the Nazism.” BBC
10. quot;I can't tell you how happy I was when that bullet finally
went through that bloke's [Hitler’s]head,quot; he quipped.
There is no doubt that millions would agree with him
12. EARLY YEARS
1889-1914
BRAUNAU AM INN, 1889-92
PASSAU,, 1892-95 & LAMBACH, 1897-99
LINZ, 1899-1907
WIEN, FEB, 1908-MAY, 1913
MÜNCHEN, 1913-AUG, 1914
13.
14. “I HONORED MY FATHER BUT I LOVED MY MOTHER”--MEIN KAMPF
15. FÜHRERSGEBURTSTAG 20 APRIL
OF ALOIS & KLARA’S
SIX CHILDREN ONLY
ADOLF & PAULA
REACHED ADULTHOOD
HE HAD HALF SIBS,
ALOIS, JR & ANGELA
KLARA WAS THE 3RD
WIFE. ALOIS, 48, SHE,
25 & PROBABLY HIS
NIECE
19. LEONDING, A SUBURB OF LINZ,
WHERE HITLER LIVED FROM
AGE 9 TO 18, 1899-1907
3 JAN 03, ALOIS DIES OVER HIS
MORNING GLASS OF WINE AT
GASTHAUS WIESINGER
20. HITLER AS STUDENT
“THE HAPPY PLAYFUL YOUNGSTER OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL DAYS HAD GROWN INTO AN
IDLE,RESENTFUL,REBELLIOUS, SULLEN, STUBBORN & PURPOSELESS TEENAGER”
KERSHAW, P.18
21. HITLER’S HISTORY MASTER, DR. LEOPOLD
PÖTSCH WAS PROMINENT IN SEVERAL
NATIONALIST VEREINE AND ALSO
INTRODUCED HIS BOYS TO EPIC PERIODS OF
GERMAN HISTORY WITH MAGIC LANTERN
SHOWS ON THE NIEBELUNGS,
CHARLEMAGNE, BISMARCK, AND THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SECOND REICH
Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, p. 193
22. WAGNER AT THE LINZ OPER
HITLER’S FAVORITE ACCORDING TO HIS TEEN AGE
COMPANION,AUGUST KUBIZEK, WAS “RIENZI”
24. REALSCHULE DROPOUT
02-03--FAILS MATH FOR A 2ND TIME
03-04--FAILS FRENCH-->REALSCHULE AT STEYR
GOOD IN P.E. & DRAWING; AGAIN FLUNKS MATH &
GERMAN LANGUAGE!!
AUTUMN 05, AGE 16 “SICK”-->DROPS OUT
29. NADIR--1908-1913
TWICE REJECTED BY THE ACADEMY
UNABLE TO ENGAGE, LIVES ON FAMILY FUNDS
DOWN AND OUT BY SEPT 09, ASYLUM FÜR OBDACHLOSE
MÄNNERHEIM, 500 RESIDENTS, A STEP UP
PAINTS POSTCARDS TO EAT
HIS SHARE OF INHERITANCE ON 24TH BIRTHDAY, 20.IV.13
TO MUNICH
30. POSTCARDS TO EKE OUT A LIVING
SHÖNBRUNN PALACE
HITLER’S SIGNATURE CLEARLY VISIBLE
31. THE SAME IN MÜNCHEN
HOFFBRÄUHAUS, 1913
SCENE OF LATER TRIUMPHS
32. ANTI-SEMITISM
AUSTRIAN? GERMAN?
KARL LUEGER, “THE GREATEST GERMAN MAYOR OF ALL
TIMES”
“OSTARA” & LANZ V. LIEBENFELS? PROBABLY NOT
“I SUDDENLY ENCOUNTERED AN APPARITION IN A BLACK
KAFTAN & BLACK HAIR LOCKS...” MEIN KAMPF
35. THE FIRST WORLD WAR MADE HITLER
POSSIBLE. WITHOUT THE EXPERIENCE OF WAR,
THE HUMILIATION OF DEFEAT, AND THE
UPHEAVAL OF REVOLUTION THE FAILED ARTIST
AND SOCIAL DROPOUT WOULD NOT HAVE
DISCOVERED WHAT TO DO WITH HIS LIFE BY
ENTERING POLITICS AND FINDING HIS METIER AS
A PROPAGANDIST AND BEER HALL DEMAGOGUE.
KERSHAW, P. 73
36. MUNICH, ODEONSPLATZ, 2 AUG 1914
AN EXUBERANT 25 YEAR OLD HITLER ENLISTS IN THE
BAVARIAN ARMY
38. TWICE WOUNDED, DECORATED
TURNED DOWN OFFER OF
PROMOTION ABOVE
CORPORAL (GEFREITER)
JEWISH COMPANY
OFFICER RECOMMENDED
HIM FOR THE E.K. (IRON
CROSS)1ST CLASS
GASSED &
HOSPITALIZED, OCT 1918
39. I CAME TO IN THE HOSPITAL IN PASEWALK IN
POMERANIA, AND THERE I WAS FATED TO
EXPERIENCE THE GREATEST VILLANY OF THE
CENTURY.
MEIN KAMPF, P.202
40. HAD THEY DIED FOR THIS, THE SOLDIERS OF
AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1914?...WAS IT FOR
THIS THAT THESE BOYS OF SEVENTEEN SANK
INTO THE EARTH OF FLANDERS? WAS THIS THE
MEANING OF THE SACRIFICE WHICH THE GERMAN
MOTHER MADE TO THE FATHERLAND...? DID ALL
THIS HAPPEN SO THAT A GANG OF WRETCHED
CRIMINALS COULD LAY HANDS ON THE
FATHERLAND?
MEIN KAMPF, P. 205
41. RETURN TO MUNICH, 1919
RÄTEREPUBLIK; NOV,18
-MAY,’19
WEIMAR--”THE ILL FATED
EXPERIMENT OF A
DEMOCRACY WITHOUT
DEMOCRATS”
REAL GAINERS--THE
RADICAL RIGHT
42. SUMMER ’19
MÜNCHEN UNDER MILITARY RULE
“ALMOST BY CHANCE
HE HAD STUMBLED
ACROSS HIS GREATEST
TALENT.”
KERSHAW, P. 124
43. SUMMER ’19
MÜNCHEN UNDER MILITARY RULE
“GRUKO”(BAYRISCHER
REICHSWEHR
“ALMOST BY CHANCE GRUPPENKOMMANDO)
HE HAD STUMBLED
PROPAGANDALEUTE
ACROSS HIS GREATEST
TALENT.” BILDUNGSOFFIZIER
KERSHAW, P. 124
LECHFELD TALKS END,
25 AUG-->BACK TO
MÜNCHEN
46. GOTTFRIED FEDER
(1883-1941)
TAUGHT ANTI-
BOLSHEVIK COURSE
FOR ARMY, JUNE,’19
H. HOFFMANN PHOTO, 1933
47. GOTTFRIED FEDER
(1883-1941)
TAUGHT ANTI-
BOLSHEVIK COURSE
FOR ARMY, JUNE,’19
HITLER ADMIRES HIS
TITLE: BREAKING
(JEWISH) INTEREST
SLAVERY”
H. HOFFMANN PHOTO, 1933
48. GOTTFRIED FEDER
(1883-1941)
TAUGHT ANTI-
BOLSHEVIK COURSE
FOR ARMY, JUNE,’19
HITLER ADMIRES HIS
TITLE: BREAKING
(JEWISH) INTEREST
SLAVERY”
LATER RECRUITS FOR
H. HOFFMANN PHOTO, 1933
DAP
49. GOTTFRIED FEDER
(1883-1941)
TAUGHT ANTI-
BOLSHEVIK COURSE
FOR ARMY, JUNE,’19
HITLER ADMIRES HIS
TITLE: BREAKING
(JEWISH) INTEREST
SLAVERY”
LATER RECRUITS FOR
H. HOFFMANN PHOTO, 1933
DAP
HITLER’S ECON “GURU”
51. •VÖLKISH POET &
PUBLICIST
DIETRICH ECKHARDT (1868-1923) • HIS 1918 WEEKLY, AUF GUT DEUTSCH
52. •VÖLKISH POET &
PUBLICIST
•ANTI-SEMITE
DIETRICH ECKHARDT (1868-1923) • HIS 1918 WEEKLY, AUF GUT DEUTSCH
53. •VÖLKISH POET &
PUBLICIST
•ANTI-SEMITE
•PUBLISHED ARTICLES BY
FEDER & ALFRED
ROSENBERG
DIETRICH ECKHARDT (1868-1923) • HIS 1918 WEEKLY, AUF GUT DEUTSCH
54. •VÖLKISH POET &
PUBLICIST
•ANTI-SEMITE
•PUBLISHED ARTICLES BY
FEDER & ALFRED
ROSENBERG
•SPOKE AT DAP MEETINGS
DIETRICH ECKHARDT (1868-1923) • HIS 1918 WEEKLY, AUF GUT DEUTSCH
55. •VÖLKISH POET &
PUBLICIST
•ANTI-SEMITE
•PUBLISHED ARTICLES BY
FEDER & ALFRED
ROSENBERG
•SPOKE AT DAP MEETINGS
•HITLER USED HIM TO
GAIN ACCESS TO VÖLKISH
CIRCLES
DIETRICH ECKHARDT (1868-1923) • HIS 1918 WEEKLY, AUF GUT DEUTSCH
56. ALFRED ROSENBERG
(TALINN, ESTONIA,1893-HANGED,1946)
GRADUATED MOSCOW
UNIVERSITY, 1917 IN
ARCHITECTURE
FLED REVOLUTION TO
PARIS, THEN MUNICH
JOINED DAP, JAN,’19
IDEOLOGUE
MEMBER, THULE
SOCIETY
57. MILITARY POLICE SPY
SURVEILANCE OF THE
MORE THAN 50 PARTIES,
LEFT TO RIGHT
12 SEPT, SENT TO DAP
MEETING, FEDER THE
SPEAKER.
7TH OR 555TH? ANTON
DREXLER LETTER, 1940
58. THE BEERHALL AGITATOR
“ABOVE ALL, WHAT CAME NATURALLY TO
HITLER WAS TO STOKE UP THE HATRED OF
OTHERS BY POURING OUT TO THEM THE
HATRED THAT WAS SO DEEPLY EMBEDDED IN
HIMSELF”
________________________________________________________
KERSHAW, P. 132
60. UNVARYING ESSENTIAL DRIVING-POINTS
NATIONALIZATION OF THE MASSES
REVERSAL OF THE “GREAT BETRAYAL” OF 1918
DESTRUCTION OF GERMANY’S INTERNAL ENEMIES
(ABOVE ALL, THE ‘REMOVAL’ OF THE JEWS)
MATERIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REBUILDING AS THE
PREREQUISITE FOR EXTERNAL STRUGGLE &
ATTAINMENT OF A POSITION OF WORLD POWER
61. VÖLKISH PARTIES
DAP ONE OF 73
VÖLKISH PARTIES
IN MÜNCHEN ALONE, 15
LARGEST
DEUTSCHVÖLKISCHER
SCHUTZ-UND-TRUTZ
BUND (HAMBURG)
THULE SOCIETY
62. RUDOLF FREIHERR VON SEBOTTENDORFF
(1875-1945)
ALIAS OF ADAM ALFRED
RUDOLF GLAUER
FOUGHT IN BALKAN WARS
AS AN OTTOMAN CITIZEN
SUFI, THEOSOPHIST,
ROSICRUCIAN, TURKISH
MASON, GERMANENORDEN
FOUNDER OF THE THULE
GESELLSCHAFT
64. THE PARTY ORGAN
• V SEBOTTENDORFF LAUNCHED IT IN 1919 AS THE
MÜNCHENER BEOBACHTER (OBSERVER);
65. THE PARTY ORGAN
• V SEBOTTENDORFF LAUNCHED IT IN 1919 AS THE
MÜNCHENER BEOBACHTER (OBSERVER);
• RENAMED IN AUG’19 VÖLKISCHER;
66. THE PARTY ORGAN
• V SEBOTTENDORFF LAUNCHED IT IN 1919 AS THE
MÜNCHENER BEOBACHTER (OBSERVER);
• RENAMED IN AUG’19 VÖLKISCHER;
•BOUGHT BY NAZIS IN DEC’20
67. FROM SMALL BEGINNINGS
1ST MASS MEETING,
HOFBRÄUHAUS 24.FEB.
20
STRIKING RED POSTERS
25 POINTS
“UNALTERABLE” BUT
LARGELY IGNORED
PRESS IGNORED DAP
BECOMES NSDAP
68. RUDOLF HEß
(ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT, 1894-SPANDAU PRISON, 1987)
FAMILY RETURNED TO
GERMANY, 1908
WWI, INFANTRY, WOUNDED,
E.K.,2ER KLASS; LT IN
IMPERIAL AIR CORPS
FK, VOLKSWEHR
REGENSBURG, LIBERATED
“RED” MUNICH, MAY’19
HEARD HITLER, MAY’20
69. MASS MEETINGS > MEMBERS
BY THE END OF ’20, >30 MASS MEETINGS , 800-2,500 &
MANY SMALLER GATHERINGS
EARLY FEB ’21, CIRCUS KRONE, >6 THOUSAND
PARTY MEMBERSHIP: JAN ‘20=190, END OF YEAR=2,000,
AUG ‘21=3,300
JAN,’22=6,000, AFTER COBURG MEETING, OCT’22, WITH
STREICHER’S FOLLOWERS, ALMOST 20,000
70. HITLER’S AUDIENCE AT CIRCUS KRONE
3 FEB 21
MUNICH’S LARGEST INDOOR VENUE, BUILT IN 1919
71. ERICH FRIEDRICH WM LUDENDORFF
(1865-1937)
VICTOR OF LIEGE &
TANNENBERG, 1914
WITH HINDENBURG,
MILITARY CO-
DICTATORS, 1916-18
RUDOLF HEß
INTRODUCES TO
HITLER, MAY, 1921
INITIALLY VERY
IMPRESSED
1918
74. “LET’S PLAY HARDBALL!”
CAPT ERNST RÖHM’S “IRON
FIST CLUB” ’20
BAVARIAN PARA-MILITARY
POLITICS; EINWOHNERWEHR
75. “LET’S PLAY HARDBALL!”
CAPT ERNST RÖHM’S “IRON
FIST CLUB” ’20
BAVARIAN PARA-MILITARY
POLITICS; EINWOHNERWEHR
SAALSCHUTZ(HALL
PROTECTION)>NOV’20 TURN
UND SPORT ABTEILUNG
(GYM & SPORT SECTION)
76. “LET’S PLAY HARDBALL!”
CAPT ERNST RÖHM’S “IRON
FIST CLUB” ’20
BAVARIAN PARA-MILITARY
POLITICS; EINWOHNERWEHR
SAALSCHUTZ(HALL
PROTECTION)>NOV’20 TURN
UND SPORT ABTEILUNG
(GYM & SPORT SECTION)
OCT’21 -- SA
STURMABTEILUNG (STORM
SECTION)
77. “LET’S PLAY HARDBALL!”
CAPT ERNST RÖHM’S “IRON
FIST CLUB” ’20
BAVARIAN PARA-MILITARY
POLITICS; EINWOHNERWEHR
SAALSCHUTZ(HALL
PROTECTION)>NOV’20 TURN
UND SPORT ABTEILUNG
(GYM & SPORT SECTION)
OCT’21 -- SA
STURMABTEILUNG (STORM
SECTION)
80. FÜHRERPARTEI
PERPETUALLY SHORT OF MONEY, DREXLER PROPOSES
MERGER WITH DSP (NORTH GERMAN BASED)
HITLER FEARS LOSING HIS SUPREMACY, TANTRUMS,
RESIGNS 11 JUL
81. FÜHRERPARTEI
PERPETUALLY SHORT OF MONEY, DREXLER PROPOSES
MERGER WITH DSP (NORTH GERMAN BASED)
HITLER FEARS LOSING HIS SUPREMACY, TANTRUMS,
RESIGNS 11 JUL
ECKHARDT & DREXLER ASK HIS TERMS TO REJOIN
82. FÜHRERPARTEI
PERPETUALLY SHORT OF MONEY, DREXLER PROPOSES
MERGER WITH DSP (NORTH GERMAN BASED)
HITLER FEARS LOSING HIS SUPREMACY, TANTRUMS,
RESIGNS 11 JUL
ECKHARDT & DREXLER ASK HIS TERMS TO REJOIN
“POST OF CHAIRMAN WITH DICTATORIAL POWERS”
83. FÜHRERPARTEI
PERPETUALLY SHORT OF MONEY, DREXLER PROPOSES
MERGER WITH DSP (NORTH GERMAN BASED)
HITLER FEARS LOSING HIS SUPREMACY, TANTRUMS,
RESIGNS 11 JUL
ECKHARDT & DREXLER ASK HIS TERMS TO REJOIN
“POST OF CHAIRMAN WITH DICTATORIAL POWERS”
REJOINS 26 JUL 21 AS MEMBER # 3680
84. FÜHRERPARTEI
PERPETUALLY SHORT OF MONEY, DREXLER PROPOSES
MERGER WITH DSP (NORTH GERMAN BASED)
HITLER FEARS LOSING HIS SUPREMACY, TANTRUMS,
RESIGNS 11 JUL
ECKHARDT & DREXLER ASK HIS TERMS TO REJOIN
“POST OF CHAIRMAN WITH DICTATORIAL POWERS”
REJOINS 26 JUL 21 AS MEMBER # 3680
NEW-STYLE PARTY, A FÜHRERPARTEI
89. ERNST “PUTZI” HANFSTENGL
(MUNICH, 1887-1975)
GERMAN FATHER, WEALTHY &
FAMOUS ART PUBLISHER
AMERICAN MOTHER, DESCENDED
FROM TWO CIVIL WAR GENERALS
HARVARD, ’09
ASKED TO SPY ON HITLER, FELL
UNDER HIS SPELL
IMPORTANT SOCIAL ENTRE FOR
HITLER
90. THE “DRUMMER”
ICH BIN NICHTS ALS TROMMLER UND SAMMLER (I AM
NOTHING BUT A DRUMMER AND RALLIER) -- HITLER, 1922
“OUR TASK IS TO GIVE THE DICTATOR, WHEN HE COMES,
A PEOPLE READY FOR HIM!” -- SPEECH 4 MAY 23
“NOT FROM MODESTY, DID I WANT AT THAT TIME TO BE
THE DRUMMER. THAT IS THE HIGHEST THERE IS. THE
REST IS UNIMPORTANT.” --HITLER, AT HIS TRIAL, 27.III.24
93. BAVARIA
“READINESS TO TOLERATE VIOLENCE PARADOXICALLY
SEEN TO BE SERVING THE INTERESTS OF A RETURN TO
ORDER AND NORMALITY”
HAVEN FOR VEHME MURDERERS (CAPT. H. EHRHARDT’S
ORGANIZATION CONSUL --354 MURDERS, 1919-22)
“BLUE-WHITE” PARTICULARISM VS “RED” JEW BERLIN/
WEIMAR
“THE MISSION OF SAVING THE REICH FROM SOCIALISM”
95. GERMANY WAS NOT THE ONLY
COUNTRY AFFLICTED WITH
PARAMILITARY GROUPS.
HITLER AND THE OTHER
EXTREMISTS TOOK NOTE OF
THE EASE WITH WHICH
MUSSOLINI OVERTHREW THE
CONSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT OF ITALY.
FASCISTI “MARCH ON ROME”, OCTOBER 28, 1922
96. FRENCH OCCUPY THE RUHR
1ST OCCUPATION; MAY,
1920
2ND; MÄRZ, ’21
3RD; JAN 11, 1923
GOVT CALLS FOR
PASSIVE RESISTANCE
SENDS IN “BLACK
REICHSWEHR”
97. NSDAP’S 1ST
MARTYR
ALBERT LEO SCHLAGETER, E.K., 2ER & 1ER KLASS, (1894-1923)
99. • RUHR STRIKES FEED HYPERINFLATION
•GOVERNMENT ORDERS END TO PASSIVE
RESISTANCE, 26 SEPTEMBER
• CENTRIST CHANCELLOR CUNO RESIGNS
• CONSERVATIVE, THOUGH DEMOCRATIC
GUSTAV STRESEMANN REPLACES HIM
WOMAN FUELS FURNACE WITH
WORTHLESS PAPER MONEY
102. BEER HALL, FELDHERRNHALLE,
OR HITLER-PUTSCH?
THREE MAJOR PLAYERS
G. V. KAHR’S OFFICIAL STATE FORCES
H. EHRHARDT’S WIKINGER BUND
103. BEER HALL, FELDHERRNHALLE,
OR HITLER-PUTSCH?
THREE MAJOR PLAYERS
G. V. KAHR’S OFFICIAL STATE FORCES
H. EHRHARDT’S WIKINGER BUND
HITLER’S KAMPFBUND (LUDENDORFF, KNEBEL, RÖHM)
110. PUTSCH LEADERS AWAITING TRIAL
LT TO RT: HEINZ PERNET, FRIEDRICH WEBER, WILHELM FRICK, HERMANN KREHBIEL,
LUDENDORFF, HITLER, WILHELM BRÜCKNER, RÖHM, ROBT H WAGNER
• this is when the “explanations” of demon or madman develop
• describe his organization of the text
• compare to my experience with the Webers
• Again, from the BBC website announcing his knighthood
• evaluate what Hitler’s role was --Great Man vs Blind Forces
• what are the lessons?
• H was three when he moved from Braunau, several homes not mentioned
•Alice Miller, “For Your Own Good”
• Adolf = Edel + Wolf = noble wolf later nickname for intimates only Wulf
• Again, G-C “...said to have been happy, taking an active part in the ceremonial & pageantry of the church which again dominated the life of the town.”
• Bish St Adalbero, founder, ca. 1040 •town coat of arms • choir lessons in abbey
• Goodrick-Clarke writes “...dominant baroque Catholic culture...ubiquitous clergy & the rich liturgical festivals....this ambiance may have instilled a religious-millenerian awareness in the infant Hitler.”
• “... early fixation on mother Germany across the border”
• The opera concerns the life of Cola di Rienzi, a medieval Italian populist figure who succeeds in outwitting and then defeating the nobles and their followers and in raising the power of the people. Magnanimous at first, he is forced by events to crush the nobles' rebellion against the people's power, but popular opinion changes and even the Church, which has earlier urged him to assert himself, turns against him. In the end the populace burns the Capitol, in which Rienzi and a few adherents have made a last stand.
• Hitler like his peers devoured the Wild West adventures of Karl May (1842-1912)
• 2 yr “parasitic idleness--funded, provided for, looked after & cosseted by a doting mother...even bought him a grand piano” Kershaw, p. 20
• 1st 2 trips to Wien, took exams, roomed with younger sycophant, August Kubizek, “Gustl”
• “A’s lifestyle--the drifting existence in an egotistical fantasy-world--remained unchanged’’
Kershaw, p. 26
• returned to Wien for 3rd time
• homeless shelter
• Men’s Home=SRO hotel
• Ostara--probably read, certainly experienced second hand if not but never became an occultist
• note the little boy with pelas
• from FAILED artist to SUCCESSFUL soldier!
•sailors arrived in trucks & proclaimed the revolution; a few Jewish youths were the “leaders” in this struggle for the”freedom, beauty, & dignity” of our nat’l existence...I could not imagine that the madness would break out in Munich too...the Fatherland had become a “republic.”...everything went black before my eyes...Since the day when I had stood at my mother’s grave, I had not wept. When in my youth Fate seized me with merciless hardness, my defiance mounted. When in the long war years Death snatched many a dear comrade from our ranks, it would have seemed to me almost a sin to complain--after all, were they not dying for Germany? And when at length the creeping gas--in the last days of the dreadful struggle--attacked me too, and began to gnaw at my eyes, and beneath the fear of going blind forever, I nearly lost heart for a moment, the voice of my conscience thundered at me: Miserable wretch, are you going to cry!...But now I could not help it.
• “I could ‘speak’...I led many 100s, indeed Ks, of comrades back to the people & fatherland”
• He could do for a living the only thing he was good at doing: speaking...Politics came to him in the Munich barracks.” Kershaw, p. 128
• nothing new in content--already advanced in all their essentials by pre-war Bav. Gers. “unoriginal ideas advanced in an original way” p. 133
• needed theatrical setting, crowds adulation, offered comp. for emptiness of pers. relations
• not what he said but how he said it--”Man, he’s got a mouth, we could really use him!” A Drexler at 1st meeting
•völkisch club of a few hundred well-heeled members, run like a masonic lodge, publisher Lehmann, G. Feder, Dietrich Eckhart, Karl Harrer,editor, M Beob Rudolf Hess, Alf Rosenberg. Rich chief, Rudolf Freiherr v. Sebottendorff--occultist, complained rank-and-file only anti-Sem.s