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ELECTRIC CURRENT A flow of charge from one place to another. The unit is  Ampere , which equal to a flow of 1 coulomb per second.
Moving charges as a current ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When moving charges is not a current ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Electric current in a conductor ,[object Object],Isolated conductor charges
continuation: ,[object Object],Battery + - Conductor Charges Direction of charges
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
continuation: - - - - - - t = t 0 t = t 0  + 1 s plane plane
continuation: ,[object Object],a b c a’ b’ c’ I I
Sample problem: ,[object Object]
Current is a scalar quantity ,[object Object],[object Object]
continuation: I 0 I 1 I 2 I 0  = I 1  + I 2
DIRECTION OF CURRENT ,[object Object],[object Object]
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Drift Speed ,[object Object],Where: I = electric current (A) n = charge concentration v d  = drift velocity (m/s) e  = charge of electron A = cross-sectional area  of conductor(m 2 ) ,[object Object],I in I in A
Current Density ,[object Object],[object Object],Where: I  = electric current (A) J  = current density (A/m 2 ) n = charge concentration v d  = drift velocity (m/s) e  = charge of electron A = cross-sectional area  of conductor(m 2 )
Sample Problem: ,[object Object]
Types of Current ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Current ,[object Object],Alternating Current I (A) t (s) I (A) t (s)
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
Electric Resistance ,[object Object],[object Object],Where: R = Resistance (Ohm,  Ω ) ρ  = resistivity ( Ω m) L   = Length of the wire (m) A = cross-sectional area  of a wire(m 2 )
Sample Problem: ,[object Object],ρ L A
Resistivity & Conductivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conducting material Electric field
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],Where: ρ   = resistivity ( Ω m) E  = electric field (N/c) J  = current density (A/m 2 )
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],continuation:
Variation of  Resistivity with Temperature ,[object Object],400 200 0 1200 1400 2 8 0 4 6 10 600 800 1000 Resistivity 10 -8   Ω m Room temperature Temperature (Kelvin)
Variation of Resistivity with Temperature ,[object Object],Where: ρ   = resistivity ( Ω m) ρ 0  = resistivity at room temperature ( Ω m) T  = temperature (Kelvin,K) T 0  = room temperature (K) α   = coefficient of resistivity (K -1 )
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Problem: ,[object Object]
Ohm’s Law ,[object Object]
continuation:  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Current Potential Difference graph of a  1000 W resistor , an  Ohmic  device. -4 -2 0 +2 +4 -2 +2 0 Current (mA) Potential Difference (V)
Current vs Potential Difference graph of a  pn junction diode , a  non-ohmic  device. -4 -2 0 +2 +4 -2 +2 0 Current (mA) Potential Difference (V)
Single Loop Circuit ,[object Object],[object Object],EMF Device Maintain potential difference. Provides steady flow of charge. EMF stand for  Electromotive force . R EMF I + - + - I
The Resistor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Electromotive Force ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EMF
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],continuation: EMF r i
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Problem: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resistors in Single Loop Circuit
[object Object],Resistors in Series Circuit. R 3 V T I T + - + R 2 + R 1 + - - - R T
Equivalent resistance in a Series Circuit
Sample problem: ,[object Object]
[object Object],R 3 V T I T + - + R 2 + R 1 + - - - R T I 3 I 2 I 1
Equivalent resistance in a Parallel Circuit
Sample problem: ,[object Object]
Resistors in Single Loop Circuit ,[object Object],R 3 V T I T + - + R 2 + R 1 + - - - R T
POWER IN  CIRCUITS
The Power in the Circuits ,[object Object]
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Q
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
continuation: ,[object Object]
Sample Problem: ,[object Object]
MULTILOOP CIRCUIT ,[object Object],[object Object]
What happen when one component in a series circuit was cut-off?
What happen when one component in a multiloop circuit was cut-off?
continuation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Junction current
GUSTAV KIRCHHOFF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],KIRCHHOFF’S LAW R 2 + Emf 1 + - R 1 + Emf 2 + - R 3 + Loop 1 Loop 2 I 1 I 2 I 3 -
[object Object],KIRCHHOFF’S LAW R 2 + ε 1 + - R 1 + ε 2 + - R 3 Junction point I 1 I 3 I 2 +
Sample Problem: ,[object Object],10 Ω + 9v + - 15 Ω + 12v + - 5 Ω I 1 I 3 I 2 +
RC CIRCUIT (Resistor and Capacitor in a circuit)
[object Object],R + - C S 1 S 2 ε + - Where:  ε   = Batteries (Emf)   S 1  &  S 2  = Switches   R  = Resistor   C  = Capacitor Open Close
Charging a capacitor R + - C S 1 S 2 ε + - I I I I I closed open Where: V R  = Potential difference across the resistor. V C  = Potential difference across the capacitor. I
continuation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
continuation ,[object Object]
continuation ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],continuation
Sample Problem: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Electric Current