Talk delivered during the "Tulong-Dunong Lecture Series" organized by the Department of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños. CAS Annex 2, UP Los Baños, College, Laguna. 25 November 2017.

1. Galing ba tayo sa unggoy?
An Overview of Human Evolution
JESSIE G. VARQUEZ, JR. / Department of Social Sciences, UP Los Baños
Tulong-Dunong Lecture Series / 25 November 2017

2. Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0Sd-ORBg9M
“Nanggaling ba ang tao sa unggoy?”

3. OUTLINE
Evolution 101
Unggoy? The Primate Order
Tao? Extinct and Living Hominins
Galing nga ba ang tao sa unggoy?

4. Prefatory notes: Evolution 101
Evolution basically implies change, heritable in a population
over time.
Evolutionary mechanisms include natural selection, gene
flow, genetic drift, and mutation.
Evolution is not a linear process, rather a branching out.

5. Unggoy? The Primate Order

6. Primate taxonomic
classification.
This abbreviated taxonomy
illustrates how primates
are categorized from broader
groupings (e.g., the order
Primates) into increasingly
specific ones (species).
Only the more general
categories are shown, except
for the great apes and humans.

10. Unggoy?

12. Human-Ape
Differences
What Makes Us Human? Humans and
apes differ in a number of key ways. For
example, humans have and apes lack:
(a) bipedalism, (b) nonhoning chewing,
(c) dependence on material culture, (d)
speech, (e) hunting and cooperation, and
(f) domestication of plants and animals.
This suite of characteristics helps define
what it means to be human.

13. Tao? Living and
Extinct Hominins
HOMININS
humans and humanlike ancestors /
habitually bipedal primates

15. Why did we
become bipeds?

16. HOMININ
LINEAGES
The evolutionary
relationships among the
various Australopithecus
species suggest two
main lineages: one
leading to modern Homo
sapiens and the other
leading to a number of
australopithecines.
The ancestor to both
lineages is hypothesized
to be Au. afarensis,
which may be a
descendant of
Ardipithecus and Au.
anamensis.

19. Ano ang species ni Tabon ‘Man’?

20. Recap of key points
‘Unggoy’ refers to nonhuman primates (i.e., monkeys and apes) of which
humans share many anatomical and behavioral characteristics
‘Tao’ refers to not only modern humans (i.e., Homo sapiens) but also to
other extinct hominin species
'Unggoy' and 'Tao' share evolutionary lineages which account for their
shared biological constitution

21. Galing nga ba ang tao sa unggoy?
“Briefly, no one who studies evolution would ever say that humans evolved
from monkeys, because we didn’t. We didn’t evolve from chimpanzees either.
The earliest human ancestors evolved from a species that lived some 6 to 8
million years ago (mya). That ancestral species was the last commonancestor
we share with chimpanzees.” (Jurmain et al. 2013)

22. Final notes
Our current understanding of human evolution largely
depends on the evidence that we now have - e.g., from
archaeology, paleoanthropology, and genetics, among others.
Human evolution is very dynamic and exciting as new data
and findings emerge from the field, which may revise or even
overhaul some of the basic assumptions.

23. REFERENCES
Most texts and photos in this lecture were taken from:
(no copyright infringement intended)
Jurmain, R., L. Kilgore, & W. Trevathan (2013). Essentials of Physical
Anthropology (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Larsen, C.S. (2014). Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (3rd ed.).
New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Stanford, C., J.S. Allen, & S.C. Antón (2017). Biological Anthropology: The
Natural History of Humankind (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson.

24. Maraming salamat po!