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THE 1950s: “ Conservatism, Complacency,Contentment and Teenagers”
[object Object],It seems to me that every other young housewife I see is pregnant.     -- British visitor to America, 1958 1957    1 baby born every 7 seconds
[object Object],Dr. Benjamin Spock   and the Anderson Quintuplets Notice the dramatic change in school enrollment after the 1950’s!
Federal Assistance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],$7,990 or $60/month with no down payment. Levittown, L. I.:  “The American Dream” 1949     William Levitt  produced    150 houses per week.
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By 1960    1/3 of the U. S. population in    the suburbs.
[object Object],SHIFTS IN POPULATION  DISTRIBUTION,  1940-1970   1940   1950   1960   1970 Central Cities   31.6%  32.3%   32.6%  32.0% Suburbs   19.5%  23.8%   30.7%  41.6% Rural Areas/   48.9%  43.9%   36.7%  26.4% Small Towns U. S. Bureau of the Census.
[object Object],The Donna Reed Show 1958-1966 Leave It  to Beaver 1957-1963 Father  Knows Best 1954-1958 The Ozzie & Harriet Show 1952-1966
[object Object],Embracing home life and consumer culture
[object Object],1950    Introduction of the Diner’s Card All babies were potential consumers who spearheaded a brand-new market for food, clothing, and shelter.     -- Life  Magazine (May, 1958)
[object Object]
[object Object],1952 1955 1956 1957 1954
4 A .  A Changing Workplace Automation : 1947-1957    factory workers decreased by   4.3%, eliminating 1.5 million   blue-collar jobs. By 1956    more white-collar than blue-collar    jobs in the U. S. Computers     Mark I  (1944). First IBM   mainframe computer (1951). Corporate Consolidation : By 1960    600 corporations (1/2% of all    U. S. companies) accounted for   53% of total corporate income.   WHY??   Cold War military buildup.
4 B .  A Changing Workplace New Corporate Culture :   “The Company Man” 1956     Sloan Wilson’s   The Man in    the Gray Flannel Suit
5 A .  The Culture of the Car Car registrations:  1945    25,000,000   1960    60,000,000 2-family cars doubles from 1951-1958 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1959 Chevy Corvette 1958 Pink Cadillac
5 B .  The Culture of the Car First McDonald’s (1955) America became a more homogeneous nation because of the automobile. Drive-In Movies Howard Johnson’s
5 C .  The Culture of the Car The U. S. population was on the move in the 1950s. NE & Mid-W    S & SW  (“Sunbelt” states) 1955    Disneyland opened in Southern California.   (40% of the guests came from outside   California, most by car.) Frontier Land Main Street Tomorrow Land
6 A .  Television 1946     7,000 TV sets in the U. S. 1950     50,000,000 TV sets in the U. S. Mass Audience    TV celebrated traditional American values.  Television is a vast wasteland.     Newton Minnow, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, 1961 Truth, Justice, and the American way!
6B.  Television – The Western Davy Crockett King of the Wild Frontier The Lone Ranger (and his faithful sidekick, Tonto):  Who is that masked man?? Sheriff Matt Dillon,  Gunsmoke
6C.  Television - Family Shows I Love Lucy The Honeymooners Glossy view of mostly  middle-class suburban life.   But... Social Winners?...  AND…  Loosers?
7 A .  Teen Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],1951     “race music”     “ROCK ‘N ROLL” Elvis Presley     “The King” Elvis became a parents nightmare!
7 B .  Teen Culture “ Juvenile Delinquency”  ??? Marlon Brando  in The Wild One  (1953) James Dean  in R ebel Without a Cause  (1955) 1951     J. D. Salinger’s   A Catcher in the Rye
7 C .  Teen Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Beatnik” “ Clean” Teen
7 D .  Teen Culture Behavioral Rules of the 1950s: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8 A .  Religious Revival ,[object Object],Church membership :  1940     64,000,000   1960     114,000,000 Television Preachers :  1.  Catholic  Bishop Fulton J. Sheen     “Life is    Worth Living” 2.  Methodist Minister  Norman Vincent Peale        The Power of Positive Thinking 3.  Reverend Billy Graham     ecumenical message;   warned against the evils of Communism.
8B.  Religious Revival Hollywood :  apex of the biblical epics. It’s un-American to be un-religious!     --  The Christian Century , 1954 The Robe  The Ten Commandments  Ben Hur   1953  1956  1959
9 A .  Well-Defined Gender Roles The  ideal modern woman  married, cooked and  cared for her family, and kept herself busy by joining the local PTA and leading a troop of Campfire Girls.  She entertained guests in her family’s suburban house and worked out on the trampoline to keep her size 12 figure.   --  Life  magazine, 1956 Marilyn Monroe The  ideal 1950s man  was the provider, protector,  and the boss of the house.  - -  Life  magazine, 1955 ,[object Object],[object Object]
9 B .  Well-Defined Gender Roles Changing Sexual Behavior :   Alfred Kinsey:   1948     Sexual Behavior in the Human   Male   1953     Sexual Behavior in the Human    Female ,[object Object],[object Object],Kinsey’s results are an assault on the family  as a basic unit of society, a negation of moral law, and a celebration of licentiousness.     --  Life  magazine, early 1950s
[object Object],1951 --  First IBM Mainframe Computer 1952 --  Hydrogen Bomb  Test 1953 --  DNA  Structure Discovered 1954 --  Salk Vaccine  Tested for Polio 1957 -- First Commercial  U. S. Nuclear   Power Plant 1958 --  NASA  Created 1958 -- First Plastic  Coke  bottle 1959 -- Press Conference of the  First 7   American Astronauts
[object Object],1957    Russians launch  SPUTNIK I 1958     National Defense    Education Act
[object Object],UFO Sightings  skyrocketed in the 1950s. War of the Worlds Hollywood used aliens as a metaphor  for whom  ??
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],1959    Nixon-Khrushchev    “Kitchen Debate” Cold War  ----->   Tensions <----- Technology    & Affluence
[object Object],[object Object],Class Discussion Topic:
Comparison ,[object Object],[object Object]

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1950s American Culture

  • 1. THE 1950s: “ Conservatism, Complacency,Contentment and Teenagers”
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.  
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. 4 A . A Changing Workplace Automation : 1947-1957  factory workers decreased by 4.3%, eliminating 1.5 million blue-collar jobs. By 1956  more white-collar than blue-collar jobs in the U. S. Computers  Mark I (1944). First IBM mainframe computer (1951). Corporate Consolidation : By 1960  600 corporations (1/2% of all U. S. companies) accounted for 53% of total corporate income. WHY?? Cold War military buildup.
  • 15. 4 B . A Changing Workplace New Corporate Culture : “The Company Man” 1956  Sloan Wilson’s The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit
  • 16.
  • 17. 5 B . The Culture of the Car First McDonald’s (1955) America became a more homogeneous nation because of the automobile. Drive-In Movies Howard Johnson’s
  • 18. 5 C . The Culture of the Car The U. S. population was on the move in the 1950s. NE & Mid-W  S & SW (“Sunbelt” states) 1955  Disneyland opened in Southern California. (40% of the guests came from outside California, most by car.) Frontier Land Main Street Tomorrow Land
  • 19. 6 A . Television 1946  7,000 TV sets in the U. S. 1950  50,000,000 TV sets in the U. S. Mass Audience  TV celebrated traditional American values. Television is a vast wasteland.  Newton Minnow, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, 1961 Truth, Justice, and the American way!
  • 20. 6B. Television – The Western Davy Crockett King of the Wild Frontier The Lone Ranger (and his faithful sidekick, Tonto): Who is that masked man?? Sheriff Matt Dillon, Gunsmoke
  • 21. 6C. Television - Family Shows I Love Lucy The Honeymooners Glossy view of mostly middle-class suburban life. But... Social Winners?... AND… Loosers?
  • 22.
  • 23. 7 B . Teen Culture “ Juvenile Delinquency” ??? Marlon Brando in The Wild One (1953) James Dean in R ebel Without a Cause (1955) 1951  J. D. Salinger’s A Catcher in the Rye
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. 8B. Religious Revival Hollywood : apex of the biblical epics. It’s un-American to be un-religious! -- The Christian Century , 1954 The Robe The Ten Commandments Ben Hur 1953 1956 1959
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.