2. Neoclassicism
• is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature,
theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of
Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome.The main Neoclassical movement coincided with the
18th century Age of Enlightenment, and continued into the early 19th century, latterly
competing with Romanticism. In architecture the style continued throughout the 19th and
20th centuries and into the 21st.
5. • An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of
the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800
to 1850 Partly reaction to Industrial revolution, using human emotion as the primary
means, often featuring the sublimity of forces of nature
Romanticism
10. Realism
• Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848
Revolution. [1] Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and
art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and
exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement. Instead it sought to
portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and
not avoiding unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. Realist works depicted people of all
classes in situations that arise in ordinary life, and often reflected the changes wrought by
the Industrial and Commercial Revolutions.
• defined as the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality, and
avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.
15. Impressionism
• a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists.Their
independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s, in spite
of harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France.The name of the style
derives from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, Sunrise.
19. Claude Monet, On the Bank of the River Scene at Bennecourt, 1886
20. Post -
Impressionism
• A term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the
development of French art since Manet. Fry used the term when he organized
the 1910 exhibition Manet and the Post-Impressionists. Post-Impressionists
extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid
colours, thick application of paint, distinctive brush strokes, and real-life subject
matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort
form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour.
29. Art Nouveau
• is an international art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that
were most popular during 1890–1910.The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art".
A reaction to academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and
structures, not only in flowers and plants but also in curved lines.
• Art Nouveau is now considered a 'total' style, meaning that it includes a hierarchy of scales
in design—architecture; interior design; decorative arts including jewellery, furniture,
textiles, household silver and other utensils and lighting; and the visual arts (see Hierarchy
of genres.) According to the philosophy of the style, art should be a way of life. For many
Europeans, it was possible to live in an art nouveau-inspired house with art nouveau
furniture, silverware, crockery, jewellery, cigarette cases, etc.Artists desired to combine the
fine arts and applied arts, even for utilitarian objects.[3]
37. Expressionism
• a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the
beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a
subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke
moods or ideas. Expressionist artists sought to express meaning or emotional
experience rather than physical reality. Expressionism was developed as an avant-garde
style before the First World War
40. Fauvism
• Les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), were a loose group of early twentieth-century
Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the
representational or realistic values retained by Impressionism.While Fauvism as a style
began around 1900 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as such lasted only a few
years, 1904–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the movement were Henri
Matisse and André Derain.
49. • Die Brüke (The Bridge) was a group of German expressionist artists formed in
Dresden in 1905. The seminal group had a major impact on the evolution of modern
art in the 20th century and the creation of expressionism.
• This group is sometimes compared to the Fauves. Both movements shared interests in
primitivist art. Both shared an interest in the expressing of extreme emotion through
high-keyed color that was very often non-naturalistic. Both movements employed a
drawing technique that was crude, and both groups shared an antipathy to complete
abstraction.
• Die Brücke aimed to eschew the prevalent traditional academic style and find a new
mode of artistic expression, which would form a bridge (hence the name) between the
past and the present.
Die Brüke
52. • Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) was founded by a number of Russian emigrants and
native German artists. Der Blaue Reiter was a movement lasting from 1911 to 1914,
fundamental to Expressionism,
Der Blaue Reiter
56. Cubism
• is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement pioneered by Georges Braque and
Pablo Picasso, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related
movements in music, literature and architecture. Cubism has been considered the most
influential art movement of the 20th century. Variants such as Futurism and
Constructivism developed in other countries. A primary influence that led to Cubism
was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne. In
Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—
instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a
multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context.
62. Futurism
• Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th
century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the
future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the
airplane and the industrial city.
68. Vorticism was a short-lived modernist movement in British art and poetry of the early
20th century. It was partly inspired by Cubism.The movement was announced in
1914 in the first issue of BLAST, which contained its manifesto and the movement's
rejection of landscape and nudes in favour of a geometric style tending towards
abstraction. Ultimately, it was their witnessing of unfolding human disaster in World
War I that drained these artists of theirVorticist zeal. Vorticism was based in London but
international in make-up and ambition.
Vorticism
74. The Armory Show
• The Armory Show refers to the 1913 International Exhibition of Modern Art, the first
large exhibition of modern art in America. The three-city exhibition started in New
York City's 69th Regiment Armory, from February 17 until March 15, 1913. The
show became an important event in the history of American art, introducing
astonished Americans, who were accustomed to realistic art, to the experimental
styles of the European vanguard, including Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism. The
show served as a catalyst for American artists, who became more independent and
created their own "artistic language."
76. • World War I (WWI) was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and
lasted until 11 November 1918. It was predominantly called the World War or the Great
War from its occurrence until the start of World War II in 1939, and the First World War or
World War I thereafter.
WW1
77. Dada
• Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th
century. Many claim Dada began in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916, spreading to Berlin and
NewYork shortly thereafter.
• The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature, poetry, art manifestoes, art theory,
theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti-war politics through a rejection of
the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works. In addition to being anti-
war, Dada was also anti-bourgeois and had political affinities with the radical left.
• Dada activities included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary
journals; passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture were topics often discussed in a
variety of media.
78. Hugo Ball (German), performing
sound piece at Cabaret Voltaire in
Switzerland, 1916
83. Suprematism
• Suprematism was an art movement, focused on basic geometric forms, such as circles,
squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors. It was founded by
Kazimir Malevich in Russia, in 1915.The term suprematism refers to an art based upon
“the supremacy of pure artistic feeling” rather than on visual depiction of objects.
88. Constructivism
• Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia
beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art.The movement
was in favour of art as a practice for social purposes. Constructivism had a great effect on
modern art movements of the 20th century. Its influence was pervasive, with major
impacts upon architecture, graphic and industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and to
some extent music.
91. • De Stijl, Dutch for "The Style", also known as neoplasticism, was a Dutch artistic movement
founded in 1917. In a narrower sense, the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work
from 1917 to 1931 founded in the Netherlands. De Stijl is also the name of a journal that
was published by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, and critic Theo van Doesburg,
propagating the group's theories. The artistic philosophy that formed a basis for the
group's work is known as neoplasticism — the new plastic art.
De Stijl
96. Surrealism
• Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most
important center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s onward, the movement
spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of
many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and
social theory.
• Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non
sequitur; however, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression
of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artefact.
Leader André Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a
revolutionary movement.
100. Lyrical abstraction
• Lyrical abstraction was opposed not only to Cubist and Surrealist movements that
preceded it, but also to geometric abstraction (or "cold abstraction"). Lyrical abstraction
was in some ways the first to apply the lessons of Kandinsky, considered one of the
fathers of abstraction. For the artists in France, lyrical abstraction represented an
opening to personal expression.
105. • Abstract expressionism was an American post–World War II art movement. It was the
first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put NewYork
City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris.
Abstract Expressionism
111. Color Field
• Color Field painting is a style of abstract painting that emerged in NewYork City during the
1940s and 1950s. It was inspired by European modernism and closely related to Abstract
Expressionism, while many of its notable early proponents were among the pioneering
Abstract Expressionists. Color Field is characterized primarily by large fields of flat, solid
color spread across or stained into the canvas creating areas of unbroken surface and a flat
picture plane.The movement places less emphasis on gesture, brushstrokes and action in
favour of an overall consistency of form and process. In color field painting, color is freed
from objective context and becomes the subject in itself.
118. Pop Art
• Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and in the late
1950s in the United States. Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by
including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. It is widely
interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, as well as
an expansion upon them. And due to its utilization of found objects and images it is
similar to Dada. Pop art is aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist
culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture, most often
through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of
reproduction or rendering techniques.
124. Minimalism
• Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art
and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence or identity of a subject
through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. Minimalism is any
design or style in which the simplest and fewest elements are used to create the
maximum effect.
• As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World
War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early
1970s. It is rooted in the reductive aspects of Modernism, and is often interpreted as a
reaction against Abstract expressionism and a bridge to Postminimal art practices.
130. Photorealism
• Photorealism is the genre of painting based on using cameras and photographs to gather
visual information and then from this creating a painting that appears to be photographic.
The term is primarily applied to paintings from the United States art movement that began
in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
137. Land Art, Earthworks
• Land art, Earthworks is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are
inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials.
Sculptures are not placed in the landscape, rather, the landscape is the means of their
creation. The works frequently exist in the open, located well away from civilization, left
to change and erode under natural conditions. Many of the first works, created in the
deserts of Nevada, New Mexico, Utah or Arizona were ephemeral in nature and now
only exist as video recordings or photographic documents.They also pioneered a
category of art called site-specific sculpture, designed for a particular outdoor location.
140. Performance Art
• The meaning of the term in the narrower sense is related to postmodernist traditions in
Western culture. From about the mid-1960s into the 1970s, performance art tended to
be defined as an antithesis to theatre, challenging orthodox art forms and cultural norms.
The ideal had been an ephemeral and authentic experience for performer and audience
in an event that could not be repeated, captured or purchased.
143. Young British Artists
• TheYoung British Artists, orYBAs also referred to as Brit artists and Britart — is the
name given to a loose group of visual artists who first began to exhibit together in
London, in 1988. Many of the artists graduated from the BA Fine Art course at
Goldsmiths, in the late 1980s.
144. Damien Hirst (English), The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone
Living, 1991
146. Hyperrealism
• Hyperrealism is a genre of painting and sculpture resembling a high-resolution
photograph. Hyperrealism is considered an advancement of Photorealism by the methods
used to create the resulting paintings or sculptures.The term is primarily applied to an
independent art movement and art style in the United States and Europe that has
developed since the early 2000s
147. Agustin Reche Mora (Granadian), Calle Sevilla desde al cafeteria Hontanares, 2003