This document describes the design and implementation of a GPS-based device for navigation. It begins with an introduction to GPS basics like how GPS works via trilateration of signals from multiple satellites. It then details the hardware components of the device including the GPS module, microcontroller, and display. The document explains how the device determines location by receiving GPS signals and processing them with the microcontroller. It also discusses ways to improve accuracy through differential GPS and lists several real-world applications like vehicle tracking, navigation, and timing where GPS is currently used. In conclusion, it envisions potential future upgrades and broader uses of the technology.

1. GPS Based Device for Navigation By- SujayCharania(07EC002) KevalThakker(07EC043) Guided by- Assi. Prof. Hardik Bhatt Head of EC Dept. 1 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

2. Why this project? Understand GPS hardware, Interface microcontroller circuit & associated software. Keen interest in the field of Satellite Network technology. Handy technology which can be used for human welfare. Implement the Satellite network technology for common use. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 2

4. GPS Basics

5. Trilateration

6. Block diagram

7. Circuit diagram

8. Working

9. GPS – Made better

10. Real time applications

11. Future scopes3 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

13. It can determine the location of a vehicle (trains, trucks, cars etc.) to which it is attached and deliver the exact position of the same at regular predefined time intervals.4 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

14. GPS Basics Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation and position determination service. The U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite network as a military navigation system, but later made the network available for general public. It is a constellation of 27 Earth-orbiting Satellites (24 in operation and three spare in case one fails). Photo courtesy U.S. Department of Defense The GPS satellite constellation Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 5

15. (cntd…) GPS Basics Each of these solar powered satellites(MEO satellites) encircles the globe at about 12,000 miles (19,300 km), making two complete rotations every day. The satellites of GPS system utilises 6 orbits separated by 60° with 4 satellites in each orbit. The inclination of each orbit is 55°. The orbits are arranged such that, at any time anywhere on Earth, there are at least four satellites "visible" in the sky. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 6

16. (cntd…) GPS Basics Each satellite transmits its own positional information in L band (1 – 2 GHz). A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use received information to determine its own location. This facility is provided free of cost. That means once the receiver is purchased, the technology is free to use. The operation of determining / calculating of its own position is based on a simple mathematical principle called trilateration. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 7

17. How GPS works? Step 4 : Once one know distance to a satellite, then he/she needs to know where the satellite is in the space. Step 3 : To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate clocks. Step 5 : As the GPS signal travels through the Earth’s atmosphere, it gets delayed. Step 2 : To triangulate, GPS measures distance using the travel time of a radio message. Step 1 :Triangulation from satellites is the basis of the GPS system. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 8

18. Measurements of distance:how it works Distance measurement 12,000 mi end: 0.06 s start: 0.00 s Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 9

19. 2-D Trilateration Geometric Principle: You can find one location if you know its distance from other, already-known locations. 30 Km Ahmedabad GIT can be anywhere on the - - circle centered at Ahmedabad. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 10

20. 2-D Trilateration 15 Km Kalol 30 Km Ahmedabad GIT can be either at one of two intersection points. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 11

21. 2-D Trilateration 15 Km Kalol 30 Km Ahmedabad Confirmed location of GIT at intersection of 3 circles. 1 Km Khatraj Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 12

22. Trilateration Given 1 satellite … 13 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

23. …Trilateration We can locate our position on the surface of a sphere Gandhinagar Institute of Technology- ECE 2011 14

24. …Trilateration Given 2 satellites … Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 15

25. …Trilateration Given 2 satellites … Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 16

26. …Trilateration We can locate our position on the intersection of 2 spheres (i.e. a circle) Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 17

27. …Trilateration Given 3 satellites … Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 18

28. …Trilateration We can locate our position on the intersection of 3 spheres (i.e. 2 points) Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 19

29. …Trilateration Given 4 satellites we can locate our position on the intersection of 4 spheres (i.e. 1 point) Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 20

30. …Trilateration The point should be located on the earth’s surface Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 21

31. …Trilateration The precise location is determined. Giving variables like Longitude, Altitude, Height and Time, etc. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 22

32. 3-D Trilateration 1 Satellite 2 Satellites 3 Satellites 23 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

34. 15 meters : ???

35. 5 meters : ???

36. 3 meters : ???Is it ? Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

37. Block Diagram: GPS Module Regulated Power Supply LCD Display Memory Keypad Micro-Controller unit 25 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

38. GPS MODULE: TOP VIEW BOTTOMVIEW 26 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

39. Circuit Diagram: 27 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

40. Working: The GPS equipment can be for on-line tracking or off-line tracking. It can be of “Logger” or “Pusher” or ”Puller” type. Suitable operating mode of GPS will be selected. The GPS module receives the information 28 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

42. The controller extracts the required information and makes a packet out of it that consists of geographical data and other information.

43. This data, being in coded form, is converted in the human understandable form.29 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

44. Continued.. The coded form is nothing but the latitude, longitude, azimuth, elevation, Tilt, etc., wise location description of the vehicle being tracked, as per the selected mode. The controller will decode the information available from GPS module. At the end user gets the information by interfacing the GPS device to the PC or can display it on the LCD connected along with. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 30

46. $GPGGA,035238.000,2307.1219,N,12016.4423,E,1,9,0.89,23.6,M,17.8,M,,*69

47. By extracting UTC , Longitude, and latitude one can have the exact position of himself.31 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

48. GPS - MADE BETTER: Differential GPS is a technique that allows overcoming the effects of environmental errors and SA in the GPS signals to produce highly accurate position fix. This consists of a number of ground reference stations that monitor GPS satellite data. Master stations collect data from reference stations and creates a GPS correction message. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 32

49. Continued.. The corrected differential message is then broadcast through one of the two geostationary satellites Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 33

51. EGNOS  Europe

52. MTSAT  Japan

53. GAGAN  IndiaGandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 34

54. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 35

55. POSSIBLE UPGRADATIONS: This on-line tracker can be upgraded to a real time off-line “Logger” type equipment by adding some external memory unit. It can also be transformed into a partial off-line “Puller” type or an advanced on-line “Pusher” type device by allow it to communicate with the controller. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011 36

57. Commerce and industry

58. Agriculture and forestry

59. Tourism/sport Military

60. Time measurement

61. Tracking of any object

62. Survey of land

63. Communications Technology 37 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

66. Pet tracking.

67. Many more…39 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011

68. That’s all THANK YOU.!! QURIES.?? (If Any) 40 Gandhinagar Institute of Technology - ECE 2011