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Jennifer McBrayer

Formation Technologie

Ten Arguments for Testing from NCLB Supporters: What are your thoughts on these arguments presented by Nichols and Berliner (2007, pages 9-16)? Nichols, Sharon L. & Berliner, David C. (2007). Collateral Damage: How High-Stakes Testing Corrupts America’s Schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

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Abstract: Numerous indicators of crucial role exist for improvements of the students' performance during the learning process in classrooms, to include the level of teaching and learning, teachers’ performance, students’ motivation and teaching methods. However, the class size has its impact over the successful performance of students, which is the main topic of this scientific research. Regarding the impact of class size, or more precisely, the number of students in the classroom, in student performance, has developed an empirical research which results are reflected in this paper. The survey was conducted in several schools of higher education in some Kosovo municipalities. by the outcomes introduced it is intended to prove a dilemma that has existed for a long time for classes with smaller number of students which tend to be more successful compared to the classes with higher number of students. Furthermore, the review of the literature, is an important part of the paper, where intertwine various theories regarding this issue, bringing different experiences of OECD countries regarding the impact of class size on student performance. Finally, the performance of the students was tested in different class sizes at the end of the school year to see if there is a difference in their outcome.

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Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts, and respond with a minimum 150 words to at least two who discussed an advantage or disadvantage different from your own. Elaborate on the relevance of their findings to the context of the standards movement. Challenge your classmates by asking a question that may cause them to reevaluate or add components to their initial response By: Steven “National standards are intended to serve as frameworks that will assist state departments of education and local districts in organizing knowledge and skills into curricula. National standards do not define a national curriculum per se. They do, however, specify broad areas of agreement on content that all students are expected to be exposed to.” Hall, G.E., Quinn, L.F., & Gollnick, D.M. (2014). The advantages of national standards are all the student in the country are being taught the same information and teacher are being held accountable to ensure that the student knows the information by testing done. This information is kept up with by benchmarks that this is a necessary checkpoint for when the students have learned certain subject matter. The testing can determine how many benchmarks are needed for that school. The disadvantages are import to consider with the test teacher sometimes focus only on testing and no other important skills that should be developed throughout a child’s education. The other common issue is students do not always take the test seriously and do not put forth their full effort and as a result, the test result is not accurate. The field I am entering into is not tested but is required in most states to complete high school. Physical Education is required for in the state of Florida for the purpose of educating the student on nutrition and general health. This is the area I want to teach not only are you taking the time to educate the student but you are promoting a healthy lifestyle for them as well. Reference Hall, G.E., Quinn, L.F., & Gollnick, D.M. (2014). Introduction to Teaching: Making a difference in student learning. Los Angeles: Sage Publishing. By: Hanan Standards and assessments are a way to understand where the strengths and weaknesses are in education. It also helps the parent understand their child’s progress in specific subjects, and the rating of schools. The scores of theses tests help teachers identify weaknesses and holds them accountable for the education of the children. “Performance based standards are designed to assure accountability and improve schools through exerting top down control by holding students, teachers, schools, and districts accountable for the results of student achievement” (Hall, Quinn & Gollnick, 2014). An advantage of the standards movement is providing a reference for the parents and teachers in identifying where the focus needs to be in regards to each child. This helps the school and the families assist the children in the areas t.

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6 Standardized Testing Standardized tests can be defined as any form of test that is administered and “scored in a standard and consistent manner”, that makes it possible to compare the performance of individual and group of students. Standardized testing was first used in China to select candidates for the province bureaucracy. The UK adopted this form of testing in the early 19th century, and it spread from the UK to Europe and then America. Its spread was fueled by the industrial revolution. Standardized testing involves different types of testing. Some of the most common are “aptitude tests”, “achievement tests”, “college-admission tests”, “international comparison tests”, and “psychological tests”. Achievement test is a type of tests that is intended to assess the knowledge and skills that students have learned in school and determine their academic progress. They can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructors and the schools. (Education Glossary, 2015). There have been debates about standardized testing. Some are against the system while others are for the system. Standardized testing is responsible for narrowing of the education standard and curriculum. It reduces the growth of the students and does not focus on the social sciences, arts and talents of the students and thus it is a major killer of the student’s educational growth in terms of arts and social sciences. This does not help the student develop as an individual as much effort is put into passing the tests rather than build character of an individual. In this paper, we will look into the advantages and disadvantages of standardized tests. Pro and Cons of Standardized Tests The debate on the standardized tests ranges on several key issues. Some of these issues of contention are: firstly, the numerical scores on a standardized testing accurate, objective and useful evidence of performance? Secondly, are the standardized tests fair to all students? The other one is the use of standardized tests providing valuable information to improve instructional quality? Then do the advantages of standardized testing outweigh the costs or time spent in taking the tests? Lastly, do standardized tests focus too narrowly on few academic subjects? The benefit of the standardized tests is that the tests are reliable and objective measures of student achievement. Policymakers use the test to determine whether the laws and policies are working or not and to compare educational performance within the state. Multiple-choice tests are graded by machine, and thus, they are not subject to bias or subjectivity. Also, standardized tests are inclusive because their content is equal for all students. Using alternate tests for the minorities would be unfair and alienating them, according to former Washington DC, schools Chancellor Michelle Rhee. Thus, the use of standardized tests to assess the students is an equal measure of all students (ProCon.org, 2015). More importantly, .

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1. Ten Arguments for Testing from NCLB Supporters: What are your thoughts on these arguments presented by Nichols and Berliner (2007, pages 9-16)? Nichols, Sharon L. & Berliner, David C. (2007). Collateral Damage: How High-Stakes Testing Corrupts America’s Schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

2.

3.