The document discusses language and communication, defining language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to interact according to cultural rules. It examines the components of language including sounds, shapes, and meanings. Additionally, it explores related concepts such as linguistic relativity, extralinguistic communication systems, and proxemics.

1. LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION
Language, Thought, and Reality
Linguistics - The Science of Language
Language - -or“A system of communication using
Language System of arbitrary vocal symbols by
sounds gestures that are put together in
means of which human beings interact in terms of
meaningful ways according to a set of rules “
their culture.
(Haviland 2003:386).
The 3 S’s of language: Sound, Shape, Sense.
Signal - representation with obvious meaning
Sign - representation with suggested phonemics (phoneme)
Sound - phonology, phonetics, meaning
Symbol - representation with arbitrary meaning
Shape - morphology (morpheme), grammar, syntax

2. Language, Thought, and
Reality
Sense - All languages are equal in that they serve
the purposes of the people who use them.
(Nuer have over 400 terms to describe cattle….We have
many to refer to war.)
Ethnolinguistics
Linguistic relativity
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

3. Extralinguistic systems
InThein US is acultures, time is
many other sequence….a commodity
Time study of meanings, usage
Chronemics experiencedused, wasted….
to andspent, polychronically
be communication of time.
rather than sequentially.
Olfactics Concerned with systems of smell
Communication through the skin….i.e.
Haptics Touching by Ashley Montague
Kinesics Bodily movement, facial expression, etc.
Ray Birdwhistell is
pioneer….Choreometrics is a subset….
Oculesics Communication involving the eyes
Includes paralanguage…
Metalanguage/Vocalics It’s not what you say, it’s
the way you say it.
Proxemics Communication by use of space….
Edward T. Hall’s work, for example

4. Proxemics
Intimate - 0 - 1.5 ft.
Personal - 1.5 ft. - 3 ft.
Social - represents social distance
Public - similar to collective behavior