Lesson for National 5 Modern Studies.

1. RESPONSES TO TERRORISM

2. learning objectives
• describe the counter-terrorism policy
in the uk
• explain how the international community has
responded to terrorism

3. THE UK’S RESPONSE TO TERRORISM

4. airport security
in 2010 full body scanners were introduced at
Heathrow and manchester airports following an
attempted terrorist attack on a flight from
Amsterdam to Detroit.

5. airport security
at the same time the government has introduced
targeted passenger profiling. this method is used
to predict whether a person is likely to commit a
terrorist attack.

6. airport security
under the Terrorism Act 2000 police officers have
the power to stop and search members of the
public without any reasonable suspicion.

7. airport security
the government operates ‘no fly’ list in the uk.
this special security measure includes enhanced
screening prior to boarding flights bound for the
UK.

8. airport security
Explosive trace detection equipment can detect
small particles of explosives. the rationale for
introducing this measure was to prevent
potential bombers from carrying explosive
components onto aircrafts.

9. airport security
in 2006 the european union has introduced
no-liquids policy. Liquids are limited to 100ml per
container and no more containers than would fit
in a one-litre plastic bag.

10. airport security
following paris attacks David cameron made
provisions for 1,900 extra security and
intelligence staff and doubling funds for aviation
security.

11. airport security
The government can ban flights to other
countries. last year it temporarily banned all UK
flights in and out of Sharm el-Sheikh airport in
Egypt in the wake of the bombing of a Russian
passenger plane.

12. counter-terrorism in the UK
CONTEST is the name of the United Kingdom's
counter-terrorism strategy, which was
introduced in 2006. CONTEST is split into four
work streams: Prevent, Pursue, Protect, and
Prepare.

13. counter-terrorism in the UK
The purpose of Pursue is to stop terrorist attacks
in the uk by detecting and investigating terrorist
threats. as well as to cancel or refuse British
passports to individuals who seek to travel to
engage in terrorism-related activity.

14. counter-terrorism in the UK
the aim of prevent is to respond to the ideology of
extremism and terrorism and the threats we face
from those who promote it. as well as to prevent
people from being drawn into terrorism.

15. counter-terrorism in the UK
protect aims to strengthen our border security
to deter and disrupt terrorist activity and to
protect the public from terrorist attacks.

16. counter-terrorism in the UK
PREPARE objectives are to respond to and recover
from a wide range of terrorist and other civil
emergencies. it’s aim is also to improve the ability
of the emergency services to work together
during a terrorist attack.

17. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY ACT 2015
new legislation was introduced in 2015 to ensure
that the police, and security and intelligence
agencies, have the appropriate legal powers and to
tackle terrorist threats, including the ability to
stop people travelling to fight in the region.

18. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY ACT 2015
Temporary Passport Seizure provides the police with
a new power to seize temporarily the passports and
other travel documents of outbound individuals
suspected of intending to travel to engage in
terrorist-related activity.

19. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY ACT 2015
Temporary Exclusion Order allows to temporarily
disrupt the return of a British citizen suspected of
involvement in terrorist activity abroad, ensuring
that their return is managed by the police.

20. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY ACT 2015
Internet Protocol Resolution brings improvement to
law enforcement agencies’ ability to identify which
individual is responsible for sending a communication
on the internet.

21. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY ACT 2015
Changes have been made to border Security by
enhancing aviation, shipping and international rail
security, with provisions relating to passenger data,
‘no fly’ scheme and security and screening measures.

22. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY ACT 2015
Changes have been introduced to government’s
prevent strategy by creating a duty on a range of
Government organisations working with the public,
including the police, local authorities, prisons,
schools and universities, to prevent people being
drawn into terrorism.

23. COUNTER-TERRORISM AND SECURITY ACT 2015
introduced channel programme, a voluntary
programme for people at risk of radicalisation and
ensuring that it is delivered consistently nationwide.

24. mi5
joint terrorism analysis centre was established
at mi5, the british security service, in 2003. this
department works to gather and access all
information related to terrorism at home and
overseas.

25. mi5
is also responsible for setting the uk terrorist
threat level. there are five levels of threat:
critical, severe, substantial, moderate and low.
currently the threat level in the uk is severe
meaning an attack is highly likely.

26. detention of suspected terrorists
Anyone arrested under the Terrorism Act 2000
is subject to a special regime for pre-charge
detention. The maximum period of detention was
originally set at seven days in 2000. However, this was
amended by the Criminal Justice Act 2003 to 14 days.

27. detention of suspected terrorists
Following the 7 July 2005 bombings in London the
government announced proposals to extend this to
90 days. These were defeated in the House of Commons
in late 2005, but an alternative measure was passed
under the Terrorism Act 2006 to extend it to 28 days.

28. detention of suspected terrorists
The government argues that terrorism cases require
longer periods of detention because of the complexity
of investigating terrorism cases, the difficulty in
obtaining admissible evidence, and the importance of
protecting the public from terrorist attacks.

29. deportation of suspected terrorists
Under the Immigration Act 1971 the government
has power to deport any foreign national who is
deemed to be a threat to the national security of
the UK.

30. deportation of suspected terrorists
the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006
has also greatly expanded the power of the
government to strip dual nationals of their UK
citizenship, which would leave them open to being
deported.

31. deportation of suspected terrorists
The government maintains that deportation is an
effective way of disrupting the activities of suspected
terrorists in the UK. However, Concerns have been
raised about deporting suspects to countries in which
they may face death penalty and torture.

32. the role of the police
the role of police has changed with the threat of
terrorism. in 2015 Scotland Yard has created an
SAS-style unit of armed officers to counter the
threat of a terrorist gun attack in Britain.

33. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

34. the war on terror
the war on terror was launched in 2001 in the
aftermath of 9/11 and in response to the
increasing threat of terrorism. it was started by
the USA with the support of Britain and other
countries.

35. the war on terror
the war on terror involved an international
military campaign to eliminate al-qaeda and other
terrorist organisations, beginning with the
invasion of Afghanistan in search of osama bin
laden.

36. the war on terror
The number of Nato forces peaked at about
140,000 in 2011, but decreased in subsequent
years as Nato countries wound down combat
operations, handing over control to local
security forces.

37. the war on terror
Nato ended its combat mission in Afghanistan in
December 2014, leaving a 13,000-strong residual
force used for training and counter-terrorism
operations, including 9,800 US troops.

38. Guantanamo bay
guantanamo bay is a detention camp run by the
united states in cuba. it was opened in 2002 by
gorge w. bush to hold detainees suspected of
terrorist-related activity or crimes.

39. Guantanamo bay
the prison is highly controversial as it detains
suspects without trail and has been accused of
torturing detainees.

40. Guantanamo bay
775 detainees have been brought to Guantanamo.
Although most of these have been released
without charge. As of february 2016, 91 detainees
remain at Guantanamo.

41. FRANCE

42. response to paris attacks
following paris attacks president François
Hollande declared France at ‘war against
terrorism, against jihadism, against radical
Islamism’.

43. response to paris attacks
The french government declared a state of
emergency within hours of the first shots by
gunmen on 13 November 2015. the state of
emergency was recently extended until
26 may 2016.

44. response to paris attacks
The state of emergency allows police to conduct
house raids and searches without a warrant or
judicial oversight, including at night, and gives
extra powers to officials to place people under
house arrest outside the normal judicial process.

45. response to paris attacks
Of the thousands of raids carried out, four
judicial proceedings linked to terrorism have
been opened, and one person had been charged in
connection to terrorism. this has led to criticism
from human rights organisation, including the UN.

46. response to paris attacks
following paris attacks France launched series
of airstrikes on isis strongholds in Syria.
it also called for world leaders for tighter
co-operation in the wake of the attacks At a G20
summit in Turkey in November 2015.

47. THE UNITED NATIONS

48. the united nations
as well as countries individually fighting
terrorism, there are a number of international
organisations that try to help prevent and stop
terrorist attacks.

49. the united nations
almost every country in the world is a member of
the Un. in joining the un, countries sign up to a
collective aim of working together to maintain
peace and security throughout the world.

50. the united nations
through the un the international community has
agreed on a global strategy to combat terrorism.
This is the first time that all Member States have
agreed to a common strategic approach to fight
terrorism.

51. NATO

52. NATO
like the un, nato was created after the second
world war with the aim of avoiding any future
wars. it is made up of 28 countries that have a
military and political alliance with each other.

53. NATO
the idea is that countries that are part of nato
will defend each other against attacks and work
together to increase security and peace.

54. NATO
since 9/11 nato has a new role in fighting
terrorism around the world. Alongside us-led
military campaign in afganistan, nato has been
leading the international security assistance
force (ISAF).

55. NATO
the isaf represents nato’s determination to help
the people of Afghanistan build a stable, secure
and democratic state free from the threat of
terrorism.

56. THE EUROPEAN UNION

57. the european union
the european union works to reduce the threat of
terrorism in EU countries. Cooperation between
states is key, as is the sharing of terrorist
related intelligence.

58. the european union
when a terrorist attack happens in an eu country,
other member nations work to assist with the
response. an eu database lists the resources and
assists that nations could mobilise in the case of
a terrorist attack.

59. the european union
europol (the european law-enforcement agency)
works to make europe safer by assisting the
member nations in the fight against serious crime
and terrorism.