2. How is civilization defined?
Distinguish civilization from “kabihasnan”.
What are the seven major first civilizations?
What are the different characteristics of civilization?
How are these characteristics exemplified in the oldest
civilization: Sumer (Mesopotamia)?
4. According to Beck, et al (2009), it is a complex culture with five
characteristics:
1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized workers
3. Complex institutions
4. Record keeping
5. Advanced technology
5. Cities were the birthplaces of civilizations.
Although Strayer & Nelson (2016) describes a city as having a
population in the tens of thousands, a city is more than a large
group of people living together.
It is a center of trade.
17. cuneiform – first system of writing invented by the Sumerians
around 3000 BCE
pictographs – symbols of the objects or what they represented
scribes – professional record keepers
33. According to CrashCourse (2012), it is a social order with four or
more of the following “symptoms”:
Surplus production
City
Specialization of labor
Trade
Social stratification
Centralized government
Shared values (religion)
Writing
34. surplus - agricultural produce or a quantity of food grown in
excess of one’s needs
35.
36. For our course, these are the characteristics of a civilization:
1. Advanced cities
2. Surplus production
3. Specialization
4. Social stratification
5. Government
6. Belief system
7. Economy
8. Record keeping
9. Advanced technology
10. Associated with a river
37.
38.
39. 1. Mesopotamian Civilization (Sumerian) – Tigris and Euphrates
2. Nile Valley Civilization (Old Kingdom) – Nile
3. Indus Valley Civilization – Indus
and Sarasvati (Ghaggar-Hakkar) River
1. Chinese Civilization (Shang dynasty) – Huang He
and Yangtze (Chiang Jiang)
These are known as the Four Great River Valley civilizations.
50. 5. Norte Chico Civilization – Supe River
6. Mesoamerican Civilization (Olmec) – Coatzacoalcos River
7. Oxus Civilization – Amu Darya
51.
52. In Filipino, “sibilisasyon” has a different meaning from
“kabihasnan”.
The word “kabihasnan” comes from the word “bihasa”
53. It is a society that has a high standard of living, an organized
government, religion, a system of labor, and social stratification
(Cruz, et al, 2015).
54. According to Cruz, et al (2015), there are five standards by
which by which the presence of a “kabihasnan” may be
measured:
1. Government
2. Economy
3. Religion
4. System of Writing
5. Advanced level of technology
57. Civilization is a reflection of who we are and what we value
(Osborne, 2006).
“Hindi sibilisado.”
“Taga-bundok”
“Barbarian” – anyone who did not speak ancient Greek
Civilization is an intellectual construct (CrashCourse, 2012).
58.
59.
60. Beck, R. et al (2009). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Boston,
MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, pages 14 – 25
CrashCourse. (2012, February 2). Indus Valley Civilization: Crash
Course World History #2 [Video File]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM
Cruz, A. et al (2015). World History. Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.,
pages 43 – 44
Strayer, R. & Nelson, E. (2016). Ways of the World: A Brief Global
History with Sources (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
pages 24 – 47