1. Ketones Carbon-Oxygen Double bond Both R groups contain at least one carbon

2. Carboxylic Acids Has a Carbon-Oxygen double bond and an alcohol group on the same Carbon R group can be any organic structure

3. Esters A Carboxylic acid structure with the acidic Hydrogen replaced with an organic structure

4. Amines Any organic structure containing Nitrogen Each R group can be any organic structure

5. Amides A Carboxylic Acid with the Alcohol group replaced by an Amine structure R groups can be any organic structure

6. Important Biological Organic Molecules Vitamins Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

8. Important fat soluble vitamins include: A,D,E, & K

9. Aid in :vision, calcium absorption, blood clotting, and serves as an antioxidant

10. Important water soluble vitamins include: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, C

13. Important for quick sources of energy sucrose Monosaccharides Disaccharide

14. Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units (either mono- or di-saccharides) joined together by glycosidic bonds Important for storage and structure

15. Useful for structure and energy storage…. Starch Important for energy storage in plants Chitin found in the exoskeleton in insects, spiders and crustaceans

16. Lipids Large group of naturally occurring organic compounds that are related by their solubility in nonpolar organic solvents Contain cholesterols and fatty acids Important for energy and for transporting nutrients to various parts of the body

17. Proteins Made of amino acids arranged in long linear chains which are then folded into macromolecules Present in nearly every process within the cell

18. Nucleic Acids… …are linear unbranched polymers of nucleotides Include DNA and RNA, which are essential for life Found in all living things

19. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living things (except a few viruses) Shaped in a double helix which is stabilized by hydrogen bonding

21. Like DNA is a long strand of components called nucleotides

22. Except RNA:

23. is only one strand instead two

24. has uracil instead of the thymine base in the backbone

25. Is composed of ribose instead of deoxyribose

26. There is no hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2’ position.