ចរិតខ្មែរ [www.khmer mahanorkor.blogspot.com]

1
critExµr
rbs'
bußNöcnæ-mu"l
¨bFanBuTiìksmaKmmCÎmNëlsaFarNrd½Exµr
tMNagra¨s¶ mNëldUneBj
¨bFanKN:kmµkarvbºFmá nigFmµkar «nsPaCati
p§ayecjBI
eKhd½anelx 75 v^fé Ehm ecov
-P~MeBj-
eVHBumõelIkTI 1
Bùsù 2517 Kùsù 1973
-
rk§asiTiì

2
Garm¸kfa
enHCas~a«dTI 2 rbs'xÆ¬Mbnæab'BIerOg KukneyaVy(R)
. KMnit«nkarniBnìerOgKukneya-
Vy y"agNaenaH Gs'elakG~kswgVn¨CabsBÃ¨Kb'ehIy enAk~¬gesovePAenaH.
ÇcritExµrÈ s~a«dfµéenH k*manKMnitBuMxusq©aybu"nµan GMBIKukneyaVyEdr. xÆ¬MmanbMNgFM
cg'[exmrCn mansµartIPÆak'rlwkPÂWfÂa[kan'Etcºas'eLIg yl'bJúasgðmCati, yl'pl
¨beyaCn_rYm, yl'cMeNaTksagCati Tan'eBlevla.
ÇcritExµrÈ s¶ab'eTAdUcCaG~kniBnìmanKMnitriHKn' bn¶¬Hbgíab'EtExµrK~aäg bu"En¶tamkarBit
KWniyay[eXIjnUvTid½^manH erIseGIgrbs'ExµrmYyEp~k EdlbN¶al[ekItplGa¨kk'dl'
sgðmnigbk§. eyIg¨tèvEt¨by&t~nigGb'rMkuM[manTid^½rebobenaHeTot. eJlmYyEbbeTot KWfa
eqûIHykKnÂgGa¨kk'mklat¨tdagedémºI[eyIgsíb'exõIm ehIyecosvagBIKnÂgenaH rYc¨bkan'
yknUvKnÂgNaEdllí¨besIrmkv^j. niyay[xÂIeTAKWfa ÇcritExµrÈ CarUbmn¶ s¨mab'bgúaj
KuNv^bti¶EdlbN¶aleLIgedaymnus§mYyC÷BUk EdlKµanlkÅN:cit‘Camnus§esaH. KWBYk
TSgenaHägehIy EdlnS[bk§BYknigsgðmCatiGs'famBl ehIydl'nUvPaBhinehac
exÂacp§aenaH.
xÆ¬MKµanbMNgesaH k~¬gkarriHKn' Gs'elakvérCnbuBÃbursCatiExµr EdlelakVnbMeBj
ehIynUvBlikmµedémºICati xÂHdl'eTAhßanlHbg'Cév^tenaH. cMeJHGs'elakTSgenaH xÆ¬MVn
eKarBnamnigskmµPaBrbs'elakCa¨b¨ktI ehIyEtgykCabTerons¨mab'Cév^teTotpg.
xÆ¬MsuMriHKn' cMeJHEtBYkmnus§NaEdlmanxÂçndUcCastÃ KµanÓt¶mKti Kµanv^carN-
JïaNesaHenaHEtbu"eNöaH, ehIyedayKit karriHKn'enaHäg¨tèvEtsresrTuk ¨tèvEtniyay[
d·g e¨JHxÂçnxÆ¬MVnsegûtpæal' ¨BmTSgVneFÃIskmµPaBCamYypg dUcCaGMeBIrbs'BYk²s§r:Ca
edém EdleFÃI[xÆ¬MxUccit¶Gs'mYyCév^t bnæab'BIVnemIleXIjskmµPaB«¨B«p§«nBYkenaHk~¬g¨Ka
EdlxÆ¬Mrs'enACamYy.
dUec~HehIy xÆ¬MVTsUmGP&yeTasCamunGMBIsMNak'Gs'mit¶G~kGan E¨kgelamanJk´
¨tg'NaBuMsmrm´ b"HJl'dl'rUbnamGs'elak sUmGs'elakemt¶axn¶IGP&yeTas BIe¨JHkar
BiBNánaenAk~¬genH manPaBTUeTAeBk.
bMNgrbs'xÆ¬M KWcg'Et[manKMnitriHKn'sÄabnaekIteLIg p§ayCaesovePACalay
lkÅN_Gk§redémºICYyrMlwkK~a[yl' nUvmaKáalíGa¨kk'¨Kb'y"ag mincUlcit¶niyayEcb"E¨b
lblak'bUjmat'bt'du÷«d G~kenHGuIecH G~kenaHGIucuHesaHeLIy. xÆ¬MVnKiteXIjdl'cas'@brm
ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
(R) elakG~kcg'GanerOg KukneyaVy enH sUmemt¶acUleTA amekhmer.free.fr rYccuc¨tg' Khmerbooks

3
buraNrbs'eyIg EdlelakmanKMnit¨bEd¨bedAkUnecA[Vnsðal'esck¶IsuxcMerInk~¬gCév^t
m~ak'@ rhUtdl'sgðmCati edayelakB´ayamcg¨kgJk´TUnµanCae¨cIn ekIteTACabTsik§a
Gk§rsaås¶ExµrsBÃ«f©enH dUcCacºab'ekrkal, Jk´cas', Caedém. eyIgcas'sm&yenH yl'
ehtuply"agNak~¬gd÷eNIrCév^t EdleyIgVnluyqÂgkat'mkehIy KYrEtnSd÷eNIrenaHmkd÷-
Nalpg [ekµg¨skre¨kayK~ad·g K~a¨bugsµartIecosvagGMeBIGa¨kk'Camun kuM[tamKnÂg
cas'. enATIbJÍb' xÆ¬MsUm¨bkaseb¶CÆaCaÓLarikfa: KMnitxÆ¬M suMekItCaExµr rs'CaExµr sÂab'CaExµr
xÆ¬MsUmbUCaCév^tcMeJHEtbuKðlNaEdlesµaHnwgCatiExµr, xÆ¬MsMueb¶CÆacit¶faBuM¨BmbMerIbuKðlNa
EdlKµancit¶esµaH¨tg'nwgCati, ¨bkan'Gatµaniym bk§BYkniym p¶ac'karniym nigmanKMnitj¬H
jg'bMEbkbMVk'samKðICati edémºIBYk¨kum¨tçt¨taenaHesaHeLIy.
¨bkarmYyeTot tamC÷enO¨BHBuTìsasna zansYKá zan¨BHniJÃn manEmnsMrab'buKðl
G~ksagkuslVrmIGs'GEgÃgkbºklº man¨BHBuTìCaedém CaTIEdlKYr¨CHfÂa ¨Vf~aeTAekIt
Nas' bu"En¶xÆ¬MBuMmansMNUmsm¨Vf~afanwgeTAekItTIenaHesaH eTaHbIÓbmafa xÆ¬Mmankuslfanwg
VneTAekItTIenaHdUc¨Vf~ak¶I. drabNa ¨beTsExµrenAEtmanlMVkevTnaEhlk~¬gfÂ¬kQam
EdlekItmkGMBIkarkab'cak'K~adUcsBÃ«f© xÆ¬MsÂab'eTA sUmkuslplbuN´bJØènxÆ¬M[mkekItCa
ExµrenHeTotelITwkdéenH Gs'kbºklºGEgÃgCati kuM[xÆ¬MXÂatxÍat'¨Jt'vegÃgeTAekItTINaep§g
eLIy edémºICYyCatiExµr CYy¨beTsExµr CalMdab'CatierograbdrabeTA! enHCascÍvaTrbs'xÆ¬M!
- sUm[¨beTsExµr sÄitenAEtCarbs'ExµrCanicÍ!
- sUmBiPBelak manyuti¶FmácMeJHmnus§CatiTUeTA!
- sUm¨bCaBlelak VncMerInk~¬gpÂèvsn¶iPaB!
eFÃIenAP~MeBj«f©TI 28 emsa 2517/1973
bußNöcnæ-mu"l

4
esck¶Iep¶ém
eyIgTSgGs'K~a EdlmaneQµaHfaCaG~ktsUß ehIyEdleTIbEtrYcecjmkGMBIKuk
¨cvak' k*VnmkenACYbCu÷K~aenAnwgP~MeBjenH. Cb"unEdlCaG~kÓbtÄm¸nUvneyaVy eyIgk*enAEt
CYuyp¶l'nUvKMnitdl'¨kumbd^vt¶n_eyIgdEdl. Cbu"nBuMTan'caj'kmÂSg¨kumsmõnìmit¶enAeLIyeT fÃé
tºitEt¨kugP~MeBj¨tèvrg¨Kab'Ebkrbs'kgT&Bsmõnìmit¶ (kalBI«f©TI 5 kum¸: 1945) k*eday.
minEtbu"eNöaH enA«f©TI 9 mIna 1945 Cbu"n EfmTSgVneLamB&Tìcab'VrSgenAP~MeBjTSgGs'
eTotpg.
elak sWg g"ukfaj' Edlrt'eTAkan'¨beTsCbu"n tSgBIVrSgcab'elakGacar´ Ehm
ecov enaH k*Vn¨tèvCbu"nCYy[mkv^j enAExÓsPa1945. BIra¨tITI 8 eTATI 9 ExsIha 1945
yuvCnExµr nigTahan k*eFÃIbd^vt¶n_rMlMrd½aPiVlelak Gwug GIu EdlenAe¨kamGaNaB´aVl
VrSg rYcenA«f©TI 14 ExsIha q~SdEdl elak sWg gu"kfaj' k*¨tèvVncat'tSgCanaykrd½aPi
VleLIg.
k~¬gsÄanPaBenH eyIgral'K~aCaG~kneyaVy ehIyEdlmanCbu"nCYyÓbtÄm¸enaH KYr
Nas'EtVnsbºayePÂItePÂInk~¬gcit¶ bu"En¶pæ¬uyeTAv^j eyIgBuMVnnwkKitdUec~aHeLIy eyIgral'
K~anwkeXIjfa kmÂSgBYksmõnìmit¶¨bEhlCanwgbEnÄmeLIg edémºIp¶çllMnwgeyIgenHeTAv^jVn
enA«f©NamYy e¨JHeKkMBugerobcMsMebImNas' edémºIbnæc'GanuPaBCbu"n ÉfaeK¨tèvkar¨tçt¨ta
²Nëècindac'mux.
kalebIKiteXIjdUec~aH eyIgral'K~ak*KitrkpÂèvCae¨scfa nwgeKc[putBIkN¶ab'«d
VrSg ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"nv^jenaH eyIg¨tèvecj[puteTAe¨kA edémºIriHrkmeF´aVyrMedaH¨suk
teTAeTot.
«f©mYyCYbCuMK~a k*Bie¨KaH¨Bme¨BogK~afa ebIVrSgQ~HCbu"n eyIg¨tèvecjeTA¨sukesom
nig¨sukyYn.
dUcEdleyIgVnpðg¨BçyenaHEmn «f©TI 16 tula 1945 BYkVrSgk*lºçgcab'elak
nayk sWg gu"kfaj' eTA ehIy¨BmTSgrkcab'CnCa«deCégeTot (manBYkeyIgG~ktsUßenHäg).
dUcEdlVn¨JgTuk BYkG~ktsUßEckbMEbkK~aecjCaBIr¨kum. mYy¨kummanelak V"c
QWn, elak ecA EsnkuslQuM (kaleNaHCaecAhÃayext¶kMBg'cam), elak¨sI sWg gu"k
faj' namedém LS FIGßuk nigCnCae¨cIneTot VneTAenAVsak' (kmõ¬Cae¨kam). äcMENkxÆ¬M

5
bußNöcnæ-mu"l xÆ¬Mmanmam~ak'eQµaH bu"k KuN ehA ¨tLac enAext¶Vt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH
esom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom. ¨BM¨bTl'Exµr-esomkaleNaHenA¨tg'sÃaydUnEkv.
teTAmux Gs'elakG~knwgVn¨CabGMBId÷eNIrrbs'xÆ¬Mpæal'eTAkan'ext¶Vt'd÷bg nigGMBI
kMeNItExµr²s§r:¨BmTSgskmµPaBGÃIxÂH«n¨kumenaH. skmµPaBBYkenaH eXIjfapæ¬yBIeKal
bMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati, pæ¬yBIKMnitrbs'eyIgEdlCaG~kbegûétBYkenaH.
skmµPaBBYkenaH KWCaKuNv^bti¶m´a"gEdlp¶l'[xÆ¬MkMhkcit¶y"agFMdrabsBÃ«f©.
ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxÆ¬MniyayriHKn'GÃI@ xÆ¬McUlcit¶fa ÇenHehIycritExµrÈ ral'dgdUec~H
äg.
v&ycas'bu"eNöHehIy xÆ¬MsUmcg«dGnuCnC÷nan'e¨kaynUvs~a«denH edémºICabTBicarNa
riHrkpl¨beyaCn_CUnbgbíènrYmCatik~¬gsaFarNrd½ExµrteTAeTotpg edayecosvagnUvGMeBI
eXareXA kab'smÂab'K~aägeday«¨B«p§enaHteTAeTot.
sUm[manyuti¶Fmák~¬gsgðm edémºIvDónPaBnigsuPmgðlrbs'saFarNrd½Exµr.
P~MeBj«f©TI 20 kum¸: 1973
bußNöcnæ-mu"l

6
karePosxÂçnrbs'xÆ¬M
enA«f©TI 16 tula 1945 evlaem"ag 11 knÂH«f© BYksmõnìmit¶Vnmk¨beLamcab'
elaknayk sWg gu"kfaj' enAv^manrd½aPiVlykeTA. Vnd÷NwgenHPÂam xÆ¬MCaG~kmanxÂçn¨sab'
k*¨tèvEtePoscenÂ¿sxÂçnecjeTAe¨kAdUcVn¨JgTuk. xÆ¬MC÷nuMnwg¨KçsareXIjfa¨tèvePoseTAenA
nwgma¨tLacrbs'xÆ¬MäVt'd÷bg EdlkaleNaH ext¶Vt'd÷bgesomenA¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom.
äkarEdleFÃId÷eNIr KW¨tèvBgÃagpÂèvkuM[eKtamcab'Vn. KWfamin¨tèvecjeTAtampÂèvxageCégP~M-
eBj¨tg'eTAEtm¶geT e¨JHBYkb"UlIsnigKijVrSge¨tob¨taenApÂèvenH cScab'BYkG~kePosxÂçn
ecjeTAesom. xÆ¬M¨tèvbEgÃgpÂèv eTAxagTenÂFMkMBg'cam rYcswmbkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j vagBYkKij
enAm¶¬MKILèelx 6 P~MeBjpg nigbMVt'danpg. m´a"geTot karecjd÷eNIrtamdgTenÂFMenH xÆ¬Mk*
nwgGacVnCYbnwgmit¶Pki¶G~kbd^vt¶n_e¨cInK~aeTot enAtamdgTenÂFM xÆ¬MnwgVnC¨mabmit¶TSgenaH
[¨CabBI¨Bwt¶ikarN_fµé@ rYcnwglaeKeTAe¨kA¨sukpg. ¨KçsarxÆ¬MVn¨Bme¨BogtamenH eday
Nat'K~aeTotfa xÆ¬MeTAdl'TenÂbiT[sMNak'enAnwgpæHbg¨busxÆ¬MeQµaH bußNöcnæ-fat' eFÃIkarenA
hagsSgEsúlTenÂbiT äeKenAäP~MeBjäeNH nwgykLanmYyecjeTAkMBg'cam cSTTYlxÆ¬M
EdlmkBITenÂbiT nSykmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j rYcswmbn¶d÷eNIreTAVt'd÷bg.
VnNat'K~ae¨scVc'dUec~aHehIy l©acenaHxÆ¬MykmasBIrdu÷Carbs'pæal'xÂçn mUrnwgcegûH
exaTuksMrab'dUrcayenA¨sukeKeBlNaKµan¨Vk' rYcykkSePÂIgxÂItUcmYyesotcegûH rYceLIg

7
kg'¨bNSg (course)
(1)
rbs'xÆ¬M¨bjab'¨bjal'eTAkan'cMkarcºarGMeBA xÆ¬MBYnenATIenaHeTA. sUm
C÷rabfa m¶ayÒBukxÆ¬MmancMkarFMmYyenAcºarGMeBAenH. xÆ¬MsMrakenATIenaHmYyyb' ¨BwkeLIgm~Im~a
Fak'kg'tampÂèvP~MeBj«¨BnKr kat'valsºèvE¨BkägeTAdl'¨sukKKIr eTIbcuHBIpÂèvCati kat'eTA
eCég rYcqÂgTUkeTAeLIge¨tIylÃaäm. mkdl'e¨tIyenH xÆ¬MeLIgkg'eFÃId÷eNIrtammat'TenÂ eqõaH
eTAkan'E¨BkhÂçg. dl'E¨BkhÂçgem"ag 13 Cag xÆ¬Mk*Qb'sMrakrkGaharTTYlTan. bnæab'mkxÆ¬M
k*eTArkpæHmit¶m~ak'eQµaHxan' mit¶xan'¨bjab'¨bjal'sYrxÆ¬MGMBI¨Bwti¶karN_enAP~MeBj Edlfa
VrSgcab'elak sWg-gu"kfaj'. KiteTAmit¶xan' Camnus§tamdanerOg¨sukeTsxÂSgNas'Edr
KYrsresIr. xÆ¬MeqÂIy¨Vb'hUrEheTAv^jfa: BitEmnehIy, elak sWg-g"ukfaj' ¨tèvVrSgcab'
ehIy, ehIyG~käeTotCabk§BYkk*¨tèvVrSgrkcab'Edr, äxÆ¬MenHk*¨tèvePosxÂçn edémºIrkpÂèvtsUß
eTAmuxeTot xÆ¬M¨tèveTAkan'Vt'd÷bg Et¨tèvbEgÃgmktampÂèvenH rYceTAsMNak'enAnwgTenÂbiT eTIb
bkmkE¨Bkk¶amv^j. mit¶xan'yl'erOgKat'gk'kºal rYcXat'xÆ¬Mfa: ²LèvbíènägeTAtamkV"l'
vijeTA¨sYlCag e¨JHC^Hkg'tampÂèveKakBiVkNas', yb'enHsMrakenApæHxÆ¬MehIy, ¨BwkEsík
em"ag 6 knÂHswmcuHkV"l'! xÆ¬Mk*yl'¨Bm. yb'enaHxÆ¬MsMNak'enAnwgpæHmit¶xan'edaysux¨sçl.
¨BlwmeLIgmit¶xan'CUnxÆ¬Mmkkan'EpkV"l' rg'cSkV"l'eLIg
(2)
. kV"l'mkdl' mit¶xan'Vn[Br
xÆ¬My"age¨cInsuM[eTAenA¨sukeKVnsuxsbºay edémºIeFÃIkarrMedaH¨beTsCatiteTAeTot. xÆ¬MelIk
«dTTYlBrmit¶xan'edayesµaH rYck*elIkkg'dak'elIsµa lamit¶xan'cuHkV"l'TSgGal&y.
kV"l'ecjBIEp XÂatq©aymkeTIbxÆ¬MGgð¬ycuH EtxÆ¬MenAEtsmÂwgmit¶xan'Tal'Etq©ayemIlElg
eXIj.
kV"l'dutÓsEm"¨t rlak'xÂçntic@ dUceKG¨gçn emIleTAe¨kayEKmrlkxÍayrt'eTA
e¨kay, yUr@ m¶g va[sIuepÂcUlEp¨BH¨bsb' rkaekag E¨BkeJFi_, JmCékg .l. rYcem"ag
¨bmaNCa 13 eTIbVnmkdl'TenÂbiT. xÆ¬MelIkkg'cuHBIkV"l' rYcrUtrH¨bjab'eLIgeKak xÆ¬MC^H
kg'eTArkpæHbg bßuNöcnæ-fat' rbs'xÆ¬M. xÆ¬Mniyayrayrab'¨Vb'bgxÆ¬Mtamd÷eNIrerOg. bg
bußNöcnæ-fat' k*TTYl[xÆ¬Ms~ak'enAeday¨bug¨by&t~. xÆ¬Ms~ak'enAnwgpæHbgxÆ¬MVnmYyyb' ¨Bwk
eLIg k*¨tèvbgenHCUnd÷eNIrqÂgmk¨kugkMBg'cam edémºICYbnwgbgbíènEdlNat'K~aBIP~MeBj.
eBlmkdl'¨kugkMBg'cam xÆ¬Mk*VnCYbnwgbgbíèn¨BmTSgkµçy@ xÆ¬MCae¨cInnak'EdlmkBIP~MeBj
KWbíèn b"ugga" (¨sI), bíèn lU (¨bus) kµçy CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-¨bsiTì Edlykrfyn¶sIu¨tè
eGn 15 esHrbs'bg¨sIxÆ¬MenAP~MeBjmkTTYlxÆ¬MtamNat'. xÆ¬Mykkg'eTATuknwgk¶itLan. xÆ¬Mnig
G~kTSgGs'K~alabg bßuNöcnæ-fat' eLIgLanbt'kºalmkTisxaglicv^j. enAk~¬gLan TSg
Gs'K~aniyay¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa: l©acmijBYk¨ksYgsm©at' 3-4 nak' VneTArkxÆ¬MenAäpæHmuxvt¶ ÓNöa
ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
(1)- kg'EdlxÆ¬Me¨bI¨Vs'k~¬geBlenaH xÆ¬Mrk§aTukrhUtsBÃ«f©CaGnus§avrIy_[kUnxÆ¬MVneXIjekr¶i_dMENlÒBuktsUßk~¬g
sm&yenaH.
(2)- Jk´e¨bIsMrab'd÷eNIrtamTenÂemKgð kV"l'eLIg KWkV"l'EdlebIkeLIgBIP~MeBjeTAkMBg'cam ¨kecH, kV"l'cuH KW
kV"l'EdlebIkcuHBIenaHeTAP~MeBjv^j. niyaytamd÷eNIrTwkhUr EdlhUrBI¨kecHeTAkMBg'camcuHeTAP~MeBj.

8
elam EtbgbíènxÆ¬MeqÂIyfa minVneXIjxÆ¬MmkpæHeT enaHBYkenaHk*¨tLb'eTAv^jeTA. xÆ¬MnwkeXIj
faEmn BYkVrSgtamrUbxÆ¬MEmn ebIminVneKcmkeT ¨bEhlCaxÆ¬Mmane¨KaHFM Cab'eTaseTAekaH
¨tLacÉy"agNa@ eTotBuMxan. xÆ¬MnwkeXIjeTot Jk´G~kes~h_s~iTìVrSgEdlfa [EtVrSg
Q~HCbu"nnwgGal¨Vb'VrSg[cab'BYkxÆ¬M BYkGacar´ Ehm ecov dak'KukCafµéeTot. Jk´enHeK
VneJleBlEdlxÆ¬Mrt'rYcBIekaH¨tLacmkenAP~MeBjv^jenaH. {! ExµreGIy ebIrvl'EtykKab'
KYrnwgCatieK ehIysuxcit¶smÂab'ExµrK~aägy"agh~wg etInwg[¨sukeTsedéreTAmuxem"cnwgrYc?
enAeBlEdlrfyn¶C^tnwgdl'E¨Bkk¶am xÆ¬M[rfyn¶Qb'dak'xÆ¬McuH [G~kTSgGs'K~aqÂg
saLageTAcuH ehIy[ebIkeTAcSenAPUmimYyC^tkMBg'hÂçg xÆ¬MnwgqÂgeTACYb¨tg'TIenaH. eyIg¨tèv
vag¨tg'kMBg'cmÂgE¨Bkk¶amenH tºitxÂacmanKijb"UlIsEqkeqreTot. Nat'K~adUec~aHe¨sc bg
bíènxÆ¬Mk*ebIkLaneTAqÂgsaLag äxÆ¬Mk*C^Hkg'xÆ¬MtampÂèvmat'TenÂ¨tg'eTAeCég. luHTnæwmnwgPUmimYy
EdlVnNat'enaH xÆ¬Mk*Qb' rYck*rkTUkeKqÂg. Cakusllí manTUkmYyeKTTYlcmÂgeTA xÆ¬MVn
dl'e¨tIydUc¨Vf~a ehIyQrcSrfyn¶bgbíènxÆ¬M. e¨kaymkrfyn¶mkdl'xÆ¬Mk*VneLIgC^HteTA
eTot. KiteTAdMeNIrePosxÂçnenH kkickkucNas'.
rfyn¶VneFÃId÷eNIreTAmuxq©ayKµanQb'Qr eTAdl'ext¶eJFisat'. sUmC¨mabfa
kaleNaHext¶Vt'd÷bg, ¨tèvesom¨tçt¨taCarbs'esom ehIyman¨BM¨bTl'nwgExµr ¨tg'sÃay
dUnEkv. rfyn¶VnnSxÆ¬Mdl'sala¨suk¨tJMgCg, hYsBIsala¨suk¨tJMgCg¨bEhl 7
KILèEm"¨t dl'kEnÂgs©at'k*Qb'. TSgGs'K~acuHBIrfyn¶ xÆ¬Mk*ebIkKMrbk¶itLanykeTac¨kyanxÆ¬M
ecjmk. Ca{kasEdlxÆ¬M¨tèvEbkBIbgbíènkµçyCaTI¨sLaj'ehIy. xÆ¬M¨tèveFÃIdMeNIreTAEtm~ak'
ägk~¬geBlenHehIy. xÆ¬Mk*niyaylabíèn¨busbíèn¨sInigkµçyxÆ¬Mfa sUmbíèn@ nigkµçy@ emIlEfTS
¨Kçsarpg e¨JHxÆ¬MeTAenHBuMmankMNt'fa«f©NanwgVnv^lmkCYbCu÷¨Kçsarv^jeT, kartsUßmanEt
sÂab'ehIynigrs'CaKUK~a. CaBiessxÆ¬MVnp¶SkµçyxÆ¬M CYn-eCOn, CYn-mu"m, CYn-¨bsiTì [xMeron
EmnETnedémºICYyExµrteTApg. kµçy@ TSgenHk*fa xÆ¬MnwgeKarBtamJk´ma¨BmTSgeFÃItamKnÂg
ma²trMlg. ehIybíèn@ nigkµçy@ xÆ¬Mk*[BrxÆ¬MsUmeTA[Vnsuxsbºay eFÃIkarbMerICatiVn
eCaKC&yteTAGnaKt. xÆ¬MTTYlBrenHedayjjwm Etk~¬gcit¶eJreBjedaye¨kom¨kM¨seNaH.
xÆ¬Mnig¨KçsarenAniyayK~aEtJk´dEdl p¶SepÆInig[BrK~aeTAv^jeTAmk. TMrSEtdac'cit¶EbkBIK~a
eyIgcMNayeBlGs' 20 naTI. xÆ¬MeLIgC^Hkg'ecjeTA Fak'Vn 4-10 C÷han gakemIleTAbg
bíèneXIjeKQremIlmkxÆ¬M xÆ¬MFak'teTAeTot ehIygakemIleTAeTotelIk«deLIgla eKelIktb
mkv^j. karEbkK~aenHKYrkt'sMKal'Nas' e¨JHxÆ¬MeTAkan'¨sukesomenH mingayVn¨tLb'
mkCan'déExµrv^jeT EtmkBIxMkat'cit¶lHbg'¨Kçsar¨Kb'ya"g edémºItsUßksagCati eTIb¨tèvEt
XÂateTAenH. enHCaelIkd÷bUg«nCév^txÆ¬MEdlePosxÂçneTAkan'breTs.
xÆ¬MFak'kg'Vn¨bEhl 2 em"ag k*eTAdl'pÂèvbt'cUlvt¶sÃaydUnEkv xÆ¬McUleTAkan'vt¶
sÃaydUnEkvehIysMedAeTArkTUkqÂgeTAkan'e¨tIymÅag. k~¬gkarqÂgTUkenH manGnus§avrIy_mYy
EdlxÆ¬MBuMePÂc KWxÆ¬MkMBugEtC^HTUkqÂg Vn¾sMdéBIk~¬gpæHmYyenAC^tmÅagdIesomniyayeLIg: eyI,
reTHkg'enaHlíNas'evéyùùù! xÆ¬MnwkP&yb"pí¬k «Gy"a ¨kumecaresomTl'EdnehIyetI! xÆ¬MsæabkS-

9
ePÂIgEdlenAnwgcegûHB¨g·gsµartIeLIgv^j! xÆ¬MemIlkg'xÆ¬M nigemIleTAmuxG~kGuMTUk EtG~kGuMTUk
niyayfa: minGIeT, ehIyecHEtGuMeTAeFÃI¨BegIy luH¨taEtdl'e¨tIy. bnæab'BI[esahußydl'
TUkdrYcehIy xÆ¬MeLIgkg'tamf~l'EdleqõaHeTAVt'd÷bgEtm¶g. tamf~l'xÆ¬MC^HenAxageqÃg«d e¨JH
¨sukesomebIkbrxageqÃg. enAevlaem"ag 18 edaykmÂSgxMrbs'xÆ¬M xÆ¬MVneTAdl'¨sukemag
òs§I. xÆ¬MeTArkp§aremagedémºIrktam~ak'eQµaH taTwg Edlsðal'nwgGalsuMs~ak'. elaktaTwg
CaCagmasm~ak'enAp§arsIuEjkBIedém EteBlEdlmanclaclKat'k*mkenA¨sukemag. xÆ¬MsYr
eKhUrEheTAk*Vnsðal'CYbnwgtaTwgdUcbMNg. taTwgrak'Tak'TTYlxÆ¬M [xÆ¬MsMNak'enAmYyyb'
edaysuvtiÄPaB. luH¨BwkeLIgxÆ¬MVnlataTwg bn¶d÷eNIrtameTac¨kyanxÆ¬MeqõaHeTAkan'ext¶Vt'd÷
bg edémºIsuMs~ak'enAnwgma bu"k-KuN ehA ¨tLac. enAem"ag 11 «f©¨tg' xÆ¬Mk*VneTAdl'pæHmaxÆ¬M
dUcbMNg. pæHmaxÆ¬MsÄitenAcugsõanEdkEp~kxagekIt pæHenHCarbs'm¶ayekµkKat'eQµaH m"m-
rma"y. maxÆ¬MVnTTYlxÆ¬Medayrak'Tak'CaTIbMput ehIysYrxÆ¬Mfa: etImanCYbnwgelak V"n-yin
nigkµçy bußNöcnæ-FYn eT? xÆ¬MeqÂIyfa minVnCYbeT. eTIbmaxÆ¬MEbrCa¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa: elak V"n-yin
elakeTAEt¨twmeJFi_sat'eT elakBuMhßancUleTAP~MeBjeT xÂaceKcab' elak¨tèv¨tLb'cUl
eTAVgkkv^j e¨JHelakmankUn¨busm~ak'eQµaH V"n-ekÂm"g' eFÃIkarCanaykk~¬g¨kumhußn Guk
sIuEh§n enA¨kugVgkk CaTIBwgGa¨s&yEdr. äkµçy bußNöcnæ-FYn GaccUleTA¨sukExµrv^jVn
tºitGagelIcMNat'kar Edle¨bI[¨twmEtCaG~kbkE¨bPasaCUnelak V"n-yin bu"eNöaH.
ehIymaxÆ¬MsresIrxÆ¬Mfavag«vEmn ecHedaHxÂçnrYcmkdl'kEnÂgenHVn. Kat'niyaynwgxÆ¬MfaminGIeT
eyIg¨tèvbegûét¨kumExµrG~ktsUßmYy¨kumeLIg eFÃIkarrMedaH¨sukBI¨kjSVrSg. xÆ¬Msbºaycit¶
Nas' edaymaxÆ¬MmanKMnit¨sbnwgxÆ¬MtSgBId÷bUg«ddUec~H.

10
karbegûétExµr²s§r:
xÆ¬MVnmks~ak'enAnwgmaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN ehAta¨tLac ehIyVnp§ayKMnitGMJvnavsuM[
G~ksµ&¨Kcit¶cUlrYbrYmpgk~¬gkarbegûét¨kumExµrtsUßmYy¨kum [eQµaHfa ÇExµr²s§r:È. Jk´fa
Ç²s§r:È enHCaPasaVlIEdl[n&yfa ÇFM, minkJØHeK, CaG~kCaùùùÈ dUec~H ÇExµr²s§r:È
KW¨kumExµrEdlCamÍas'elIxÂçnäg KµanenAe¨kamGMNacG~kNa, CaExµrmanäkraC´, manesrIPaB
mansiTìi¨Kb'¨Kan'CaExµr.
enATIenaHminCayUr k*VnTYlmit¶Pk¶inigGs'elakCae¨cInrUb EdlmanKMnittsUßEdr
ehIyEdleTIbEtePosecjBIP~MeBjmk Vnsµ&¨Kcit¶mkrYbrYmnwgxÆ¬M¨BmTSgmaxÆ¬M. xÆ¬MsUmrMlwk
namrbs'Gs'elakTSgenaHxÂHEdlxÆ¬MVncS KWeQµaH ;
Ehm sag fan say
Ehm savat rs yWn
sarU hßU
mIu pUr Gußk san
¨Tg' cnærg§I xan'
eQog BuM
cnæ- etae¨ts ePaK nI
nigmanGs'elake¨cIneTot EdlxÆ¬MePÂcnamBuMVnrab'k~¬gTIenH (sUmGP&yeTas).

11
maxÆ¬MVnCYlpæHeKmYyenAm¶¬Mvt¶sEgû CUn¨kumTSgGs'enA ¨BmTSgVncMNay¨Vk'ciJÍwm
VyTwkrhUtmk. ehIymaxÆ¬MVneTAVgkkKitKUrnwgrd½aPiVl«f sUm[eKCYyeyIgTSgpÂèv
cit¶nigsm¸ar:.
mYyExe¨kaymk karTak'TgenaH[pleLIg KWrd½aPiVl«fVnGnuJïat[ebIkkEnÂg
mYyenAXuMGnÂg'v^lcm©ay¨bmaN 5 Kùmù BI¨kugVt'd÷bg. eyIgk*manlTìPaBnwgbegûét ÇExµr
²s§r:È enAq~S 1946. mund÷bUgeXIjrYbrYmK~alíNas' ¨bmUlG~ksµ&¨Kcit¶äeTotCaG~k¨suk
[mkhat'eronVn¨bEhl 100 nak'. Vn¨bEhl 2-3 Exe¨kaymk Vnbegûét[man¨kum
esIubkarN_karJr¨kum²s§r: tºiteBlenaHraCkarVrSg-Exµr Vn¨bugcUlkan'kab'ext¶Vt'd÷-
bgv^jehIy. raCkarVrSg-Exµrcat'[esIubkarN_rk²s§r: dUec~HeyIg¨tèvbegûét¨kumesIubt
Tl'eTAv^j. karbegûétenHehIy EdlnS[lík'kkrKe¨magkarN_xÂH BIe¨JH¨kumesIubenH xÂH
manerOgpæal'xÂçnnwgG~kd«T k*tSgbgûac'bgÅèceK nSkarN_enaHmkC÷rab CaehtunS[G~keFÃIkar
xagelIse¨mckarGÃIKµan¨bsiTìPaBeLIy. karTUlBitbgûac'¨tkUl cgí¬leTasK~aenaHmanCa
¨b¨ktI dUcy"agem¨kumxÂHEdlcat'[eTAbgúat'bgÃ·kBlTahansµ&¨Kcit¶enaHCaedém. embgúat'
nimYy@ bgúat'minVnyUreT ecHEtmanerOgxus¨Kb'y"ag xÂHkUnTahanmineBjcit¶e¨JHtºiteFÃI
tamv^n&yeBk, xÂHdUec~H xÂHdUec~aH ¾EtJk´riHKn'ninæax§wbex§¿vK~aCaerOy@. m´"ageTot Tahan
ExµrEdlrt'mkBIP~MeBjTSgbu"nµan suTìswgEtBYk¨kum«hhUTahanCbu"n. rebobhat'«nTahan
Cbu"nC÷nan'enaHKW¨Bwkem"ag 5 hat'rt' 3-4 Kùmù y"agtic rYcehIyhat'lut¨kabrebobyuTì
sa¨s¶CagmYyem"ageTIbQb' nSK~aeTATTYlTanbbreBl¨Bwk. eFÃIy"agenHVn¨bmaN 15«f©
20«f© k*eTACaerOgEdr edaysarnayTahanrgecHEtrGßUrTSfa hat'rebobenHminVnyUreT rt'
lUnral'¨BwkKµanVn¨beyaCn_eT nSEtxateBl ehIyKµankSePÂIgmYyedémpg manEtkSePÂIg
eQImind·gCanwgcºSgnwgnrNaekIteT! Jk´TSgenH em¨kummin¨twmEtniyayCamYyem¨kumK~a
ägeT KWEfmTSgeJlenAeBlEdlkUnTahankMBughat'Gs'kmÂSgEfmeTot CaehtunS[kUn
TahaneCOtamGs'Twkcit¶tsUßeTAv^j.
enHägCa ÇcritÈ rbs'ExµrEdlKµanKitmuxe¨kayGÃIesaH ecHEteJlpÂèc@ [EtrYcBI
mat'edaysarEtht'enOybn¶icbn¶çcenaH mind·gfaBMenalenaHnS[xUckmÂSgsamKðIGÃIeT.
m´"ageTotsm&yenaH raCkar«feKebIkGMNac[¨bmUlkUnTahanedaysm©at' mincg'
[xÍrxÍay, eyIgminVnrk§akarsm©at'enaHesaH ecHEtbeJÍj[eKägd·g¾. ÇcritÈ eyIgKW
dUec~Häg C÷nuMK~asuTìEtfakarsm©at' KµannrNad·g¾eT luHdl'eBlecjBIC÷nuMmkv^j k*¨sab'Et
karsm©at'enaHd·g¾eLIgenAe¨kAkar¨bCu÷Etm¶g.
cMENkraCkar«fv^j luHd·gfaraCkarVrSg-ExµrmuxCaTajykEx¨tVt'd÷bgeTAv^j
enaH k*tSgcab'ep¶émp¶l'GavuF[Exµr²s§r:enH. Cad÷bUgraCkaresom[mk¨kumExµr²s§r: man
kSePÂIgyn¶<mI¨TIeyI>bYnedém nigkSePÂIg<mUsWûtug>¨bEhl 25 edém ehIymankSePÂIgxÂI 2-4
edémEfmeTot.

12
ehtuGÃIVnCaesomsuxcit¶p¶l'GavuF[Exµr²s§r: enAeBlEdlEx¨tVt'd÷bgnwg¨tèv
VnmkExµrv^jenaH? ¨tg'enHCaerOgmYyEdleyIg¨tèvKit! KWmkBIeKcg'e¨bIExµr[Ebrmux mint
Tl'cMeJHEtVrSgeT KW[tTl'nwgExµrK~aägenaHEfmeTot. bu"En¶eyIgBuMVneqatl©g' dl'eTA
ykGavuFmksmÂab'ExµrK~aägeT bu"En¶eyIg¨tèvEtTTYlyk, ykmkbe¨mIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIg
KWQmmuxTl'nwgBYkVrSgEtmYybk§bu"eNöaH.
cMENkkUnTahanExµr²s§r: kalebIVnGavuFxÂH k*ekItce¨mIncit¶Kitcg'cºSgnwgT&B
VrSgPÂam@ eTaHbIhat'eronv^CØayuTìsa¨s¶minsUvsæat'sæajk*eday. mYy«f©@ xÆ¬MTTYlBYkG~k
mksuMecjcºSgenaHy"agFuj xÆ¬MEtgXat'eKfa kuMGalsin cS[eyIgmanGavuFe¨cInbgðçrsin
ehIycShat'[sæat'CagenHbn¶iceTotsin.
äcMENkmaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN ehA ta¨tLac enaHv^j k*eLIgcuH¨kugVgkkjwkjab' raCkar
xagesomeXIjägeTAegac@ eBk k*[kSePÂIghasibedémmkeTot.
suM[G~kGanyl'fa esom¨bugEt[eT BIe¨JHeK¨tèvkar[ExµrcºSgnwgExµr bu"En¶eday
eK¨tèvlak'KMniteKenaHpg eK¨tèvkar[¨kum²s§r:eyIgd·gKuNeKpg dUec~HeK¨tèvEttwgEtg
dUec~Häg. [mkFUreBk dUcCacg'[eBk. enHCaKMnitesom! ehIysm&yenaH (1946) mkdl'
sm&yenH (EdlExµreyIgkMBugTwkcUl¨cmuH) etIeXIjesommanp¶l'GÃI[eyIgsMrab'rs'eT?
GMBIeQµaH dab-QYn
kalBIedém dab-QYn enH Canay¨kum«nTahanrbs'raCkarExµr-VrSg EdlcºSgnwg
esom. kaleNaHraCkaresomecHe¨bIneyaVylYgelameXasnafa [EtemTahanrg nig
nay¨kumNaxagExµrrt'eTAcUlnwgesom esomnwgtemÂIgsk¶i[FMelIsBIenAExµreTAeTot.eQµaH
dab-QYn kalebIVns¶ab'eXasnaenH edaycg'Vnsk¶iysxõs'CagenH k*tSgdSkºalrt'
eTAcUlnwgTahanesomEtm¶g. xagTahanesomTTYlrak'Tak' ehIysn´anwg dab-QYn fa
minGIeT nwgbMJk'ski¶[FMCagenACamYyTahanExµr KW[VnJk'sk¶i 1 . dab-QYn manGMNr
Nas' nwksgôwmehIyrg'cSTTYlzan:enaH rhUtcb'sågðamExµr-«feTA. «f©e¨kaymk raCkar
esome¨bI dab-QYn [mkrk§aPUmimYy¨tg'm¶¬MsÃayeckEdlkaleNaHCaTl'EdnExµr-esom.
dab-QYn rg'cSsk¶iEdlesombMJk'enaHGs'kald*yUr KµaneXIjnayTahanesomNamk
CYbniyayBIerOgski¶ysGÃIesaH eTIbPÆak'xÂçnfa: { Gjcaj'eVkesomeTetI! bu"En¶ dab-QYn
KµanpÂèvnwgeKcecjeTANarYceT rt'cUlmkxagraCkarExµrv^j ¨tèveKVj'ecal, emÂ"aHehIysux
cit¶xM¨TSbe¨mIesomteTA, EtB´ayamfa¨tèvEtrt'«f©NamYy.
niyayBIxagT&BExµr²s§r:eyIgäeNHv^j kMBugEtekorKrrkK~a[Vne¨cIn luHesIub
dwgfa dab-QYn äeNaHmanesck¶ItUccit¶nwgesomkMBugEtrk¨ckecjBIT&Besom k*cat'K~a[
eTATak'Tgnwg dab-QYn [ dab-QYn cUlmkrYbrYmnwgExµr²s§r:v^jm¶g. dab-QYn man

13
GMNrNas' e¨JHenACamYyesomenaH dab-QYn manesck¶IGt'XÂanlMVkevTnaCaTIbMput
ehIyk~¬gcit¶k*QWcab'ral'«f©pg luHdl'mk¨tèveyIgehA[mkrYbrYmdUec~H dab-QYn k*dUcCa
VnrbUtBIex~aHX~ag. Kat'k*nS¨bBnìKat'nigkUn¨busmYy
(1)
ePosecjBIsÃayeck Kat'mkrk
¨kumeyIgenAGnÂg'v^lEtm¶g.
xÆ¬MminBenÂIseT edayKat'¨tèvkar[xÆ¬MseågðaHxÂSgeBk Kat'lUnsMBHxÆ¬MGMBIcm©ay e¨JH
Kat'd·gfa KWxÆ¬MenHehIyCaemekaym~ak'rbs'¨kum²s§r: Kat'mkC^tk*niyayGgÃredayelIk«d
¨bNmĆab'fa: sUmelakmÍas'emt¶aGnuJïat[xÆ¬MVTVnmkenA¨Ckekan bMerIbk§BYkelak
mÍas'pg! xÆ¬MVTsUmsnáfa nwgbMerIbk§elakmÍas'edayesck¶IesµaH¨tg'CaTIbMput, [xÆ¬MVT
sºfCUnelakmÍas'k*sºfEdr xÆ¬MVTminkºt'elakmÍas'eT!
JkénH dab-QYn dak'xÂçnTabeBkNas' EdlxÆ¬Mmincg'¾JkénHpgeT. xÆ¬M¨bjab'[
Kat'egébeLIgQr[¨tg'xÂçnFmµta xÆ¬Mniyayfa: sUmelak kuMTukxÆ¬MCamnus§FMxõs'GI sUmelak
TukCamit¶m~ak'eTAcuH, elakmkenH xÆ¬MGreBkehIy e¨JHeyIgnwgVnrYmK~aeFÃIkartsßUteTAeTot!
äfakaresµaH¨tg'enaH xÆ¬MrwtEtGrNas' e¨JH¨kumeyIg¨tèvkarnUvcit¶EbbenH! eyIgGt'XÂanman
¨ky"agNadUcem¶c dUc@ K~a! elakfyeTAenAnwgK~IK~axÆ¬McuH!
dab-QYn bnæn'xÂçnsMBHxÆ¬MswgVk'x~gfyeTAv^j.
bu"En¶GnaKt dab-QYn VneFÃIy"agNacMeJHxÆ¬Mv^jenaH Gs'elaknwgVneXIj Vn
¨CabenAeBle¨kay. KWGMeBIrbs'Kat'enaHehIy EdlxÆ¬McgcSGs'mYyCév^t ehIyEdlEtgf©èr
rhwuHfa : enHehIycritExµrùùù.
(1)- kUn¨busenaH sBÃ«f©enA¨beTs²Nëa .

14
GMeBI«¨B«p§«nBYk²s§r:
xÆ¬M¨tèvEtniyayedayBitnUvkarEdlxÂçnxÆ¬MVneXIjVnd·g k~¬g¨KaEdlxÆ¬MsÄitenACamYy
BYk²s§r: EdlxÆ¬MpÍ¬gep¶émbegûét ehIyEbrCa²tsN¶ab'F~ab' Kµanreboberobry e¨JHEtBYkenaH
cg'FM B¨gékGanuPaBvaykMBs'esµIes¶c¨taj'm~ak'@. edayBiteTA BYkenH edaycg'temûIgxÂçn
xÂSgeBk KW¨tèvEtePÂcsIlFmámnus§FmáGs'BIxÂçn EbrCa¨sLaj'karkab'smÂab'sIusac'hut
QamK~aeday«¨B«p§eTAv^j.
BIrbIerOgteTAenHKWCaÓTahrN_cºas' bgúajnUvPaB«¨B«p§nigGmnus§Fmá«nBYkenH Ð
karsmÂab'KijVrSgm~ak'eQµaH bußn can'
karesuIbrkKijVrSg Vncat'eLIg. cMNat'enHVnhuclTìplxÂHEdr nS[KijVrSg
xÂacrGaCaxÂSg. KijVrSgEdl¨tèvcab'Vn bnæab'BIVnvayeFÃITaruNkmµehIy EtgykeTA
Vj'ecalÉsmÂab'edayd÷bg.
k~¬gbN¶aKijVrSgEdlBYk²s§r:cab'VnehIyykmksmÂab'enaH xÆ¬MVnsegûteXIj
KijVrSgm~ak'CatiExµreQµaH bßun can' mansµartIrwg²ttk'sÂ¬tnwgesck¶IsÂab'esaH. eKcab'
Ps¶¬tagVn sðal'xÂçnvafaCaKijcºas'ehIyeKykmkvaysYrcemÂIy vaenAEteqÂéyfaBuMd·g fa
BuMEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs' vaeqÂIyenaHEbb¨Begéy. eKKMramsYrfa: ägeqÂIy[¨tg'mk ebIenA

15
rwg¨bEkkeToteyIgnwgVj'smÂab'! vaenAeqÂIyEbb¨Begéyfa: smÂab' @ eTA! xÆ¬Mmind·gGÃITSg
Gs', xÆM¬minEmnCaKijnrNaTSgGs'! bu"En¶ebIGs'elaksðal'cºas'faKijVrSg enAk~¬gkN¶ab'
«delakehIy elaksmÂab'eTA! EtluHeKykeTA[QrenAC^treN¶A ehIy[vaPavnaFmá eTIb
vadUcCaPÆak'xÂçn nwkP&ybn¶icniyayfa: xÆ¬MKµand·gGÃITSgGs'! yIem"cykxÆ¬MmksmÂab'? KWfavaman
cit¶kÂahanmansµartIrwgNas' Tal'EteXIjreN¶AsMrab'kb'vaEtm¶geTIbvaP&y. eBlenaHBYk
²s§r:CaeBCÎXatd÷bg
(1)
sMBgPUs@ kJÍwgk G~keTasvadYlcuH¨bkac'dac'x´l' eTIb¨can
TmÂak'eTAk~¬greN¶A.
karsmÂab'eQµaH bußn can' enH CaGMeBIkacsahavmF´meT BIe¨JHeBCÎXat¨bjab'
bMVt'Cév^tG~keTas[puteTAPÂam@ minevTnaEP~keBk. enAmankarsmÂab'G~keTasEbbep§gBI
enH EdlemIleTAKYr[evTnarkJk´niyayminVn ehIyEdlnS[xÆ¬MminsbºayEtgEtedér
ecj eBlNaBYkem@ äeTotcat'[eFÃIEbbenaHEdleK[eQµaHfa karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn.
sUm¨Cabfa xÆ¬MKWem²s§r:Emn EtVnbMEbknaTIxagKij xagcab'cg xagsYrcemÂIy nig
smÂab'enHeTA[eKep§g eKmannaTI¨Kb'¨Kan' äxÆ¬M cMeJHerOgenHKW¨Kan'CaTI¨bwk§aeKbu"eNöaH.
dUec~aH eTIbxÆ¬MBMuGacGarkat'erOgNamYy[eKyl'¨BmtamVneLIy.
karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn
xÆ¬MsUmC¨mabfa: karsmÂab'Ebb¨sEgeBn CakarsmÂab'mYyevTnaEP~kNas' G~kEdl
¨tèveKsmÂab'enaH b"pã¶tb"p¶k'CaTIbMputmunnwgsÂab'. KWmund÷bUg BYk²s§r:ykmnus§EdlCaKij
carbursenaHmkvayd÷¨cMFak'Gs'cit¶ rYccgsÂabesknSykeTA[Ggð¬ylutCgðg'Tl'muxreN¶A
Edls¨mab'kb'exµacG~keTasenaH. äBYk²s§r:nSK~avatvg'[FMCu÷v^jG~keTasenaH. PÂamenaH
eBCÎXatm~ak'kan'davss©ac sæ¬HcUlmkkN¶alvg' tSgrSErkBt'EBn beJÍjTwkmux¨keLb
¨kLab'CaGakarkacsahav, rSVnbn¶ick*sæ¬HeTAC^tG~keTasEdlGgð¬ylutCgðg'enaH rYck*yk
daveTAGark G~keTasenaHbn¶ic, GarminxÂSgeTlµmEtecjQam rYck{nykmat'eTACJØk'bWt
QamenAkenaH ykmk¨Bçsmuxdavlan' Ept@! dUceK¨BçsTwkmat'sÂa ùùù emIleTAsemºIm
Nas'. äG~keTasenaHmuxexµAEb" eFÃIEP~kPÂwH@ ragkayj&rrnìt'edayQWcab'nigedayPitP&y
s¶ayCév^t. eBCÎXatVnGarkbWtQamykmkes¶aHe¨JH rSErkGs'kºac'eTIbcak'kG~keTas
Cabegúéy, K~adYleTA k*¨canTmÂak'eTAk~¬greN¶Aùùù
eBleFÃIBiFIenHm¶g@ xÆ¬Mmincg'ecjeTAemIleT BIe¨JHlMVkemIlNas' ehIyxÆ¬MC÷Tas'
min[eFÃIBiFI«¨B«p§enHCae¨cInelIk EtBYkem@ äeToteKmin¨Bm eKfa¨tèvEteFÃIdUec~H edémºIpÍaj'
pÍals¨tèv. xÆ¬Mminyl'esaH e¨JHfaK~a¨tèvsÂab'eTAehIy, sÂab'Kg'EtsÂab'eT, em"cminsmÂab'
(1)- d÷bgeFÃIBIeQI¨Kjèg¨bEvgCag 1 Em"¨tbu"nk«dmnus§cas' kaleNaHeKsM«c¨Kab'kSePÂIg.

16
Etm¶geTA?
¨tg'enaHehIyxÆ¬MVnkt'sMKal'fa critBYkExµr²s§r:enaH«¨B«p§Nas' stÃFatuminesµI
eT!! ehIye¨JHEtcritBYkeKEbbenHehIy eTIbxÆ¬MdUcCarsay«deCégm¶g@ swgEtfyxÂçnecjBI
¨kumenHeTAv^jpg.
Ö Ö
Ö
e¨kAGMBIGMeBI«¨B«p§enH KMnitBYk²s§r:em@ xÂH ¨bkbedayGKti, Gyut¶iFmá Kµankar
BicarNaEvgq©ayesaH smÂab'mnus§sÂèt¨tg'Kµan¨bNI. xÆ¬MsUmelIkykerOgmYymkC¨mab:
GMBIkarsmÂab'Cagkat'sk'm~ak'
«f©mYy¨kum²s§r:VnTTYlBIG~kesIubkarN_mk nUvbursm~ak'Gayu¨bmaNCasamsibq~S mux
mat'síatVt rksIueFÃICagkat'sk'enACab'nwgrbgpæHVMgVrSg enAkN¶al¨kugVt'd÷bg. tam
kMNt'ehturbs'G~kesIubkarN_[d·gfa CagenHägCaKijrbs'VrSgEtgEtlbqÂgeTA[kar
N_VrSgenApæHXÂSgFnaKar (Banque) rbs'VrSgEdlmanVrSgenAenaH. ¨kumxÆ¬MEdlCaG~kkan'
karxagelI k*cat'[eKsaksYrbursenaHtamd÷eNIr. enAk~¬g«¨Bs©at'mYy BYkG~k«ddl'¨b-
EhlCa¨VMnak' EdlmankSePÂIgnigd÷bgk*cab'ep¶émvayG~kenaHäg nwgsÃaykSePÂIgnigd÷bgmYy
PUsm~ak' ehIysYrfa:
- ägCaKijVrSgEmneT?
bursenaHQWcab'j&rTe¨TIkeqÂIyrh&sfa:
- VTeT xÆ¬MVTBuMEmnCaKijeTTan!
eKcab'vayG~kenaHehIysYreTot:
- ägqÂgeTAeLIgpæHVrSgenaHe¨cIndgehIyEmneT?
- VTTan xÆ¬MVTsUmC¨mabtam¨tg' xÆ¬MVTFÂab'eTApæHenaHe¨cIndgEmn bu"En¶xÆ¬MVTKµan
d·gGIeT!
- niyay[¨tg'mk ägeTACYbVrSgbu"nµannak'? ¨Vb'vafaem"cxÂH? ebIägniyaysar
PaB GjnwgTukCév^t[ ebImindUec~aHeT GjnwgVj'ägsmÂab'²Lèv!
eJldUec~aH G~keBCÎXadeyIgtSgTajkSePÂIgbJÍèl¨Kab'lan'¨kak@ cgí¬lcugmat'
E¨teTArkbursenaHEdlmanTwkmuxeLIgsÃay manGakar:jab'j&rdUckUnstÃ. bursenaHelIk
«dsMBH.
- VTelakmÍas', sUmelakmÍas'TukCév^txÆ¬M! xÆ¬MVTsuMC¨mabtam¨tg', xÆ¬MVTqÂgrbg
eTApæHenaHral'yb'enaH KWxÆ¬MVTeTAelgeboCamYynwgmit¶Pk¶i EdlykkEnÂgenaHCa
kEnÂgelg, xÆ¬MVTKµanVnykkarN_eTA[VrSgeT xÆ¬MVTsUmsºfCUn!

17
eJlminTan'cb'pg eBCÎXateyIgk*vayG~kenaHmYysÃaykSePÂIgmSug! E¨skGUy!
yk«dek¶abf©asdYledknwgdéf©èrrhuwsùùù eBCÎXatenHk*sæ¬HeTAFak'¨bemoleTAeTotbIbYn¨t
Lb' rYcKMhksYreTot:
- GaägenArwgdl'NaeTot? em"cminniyay[¨tg'? GaägnSkarN_eTA¨Vb'VrSgfa
em"cxÂH?
bursenaHmanQamrwm@ ecjBImat'nigf©as xM¨tdre¨kakGgð¬yelIk«dsMBHeTAeBCÎ-
Xat¨BmTSg¨tdrniyay:
- xÆ¬MVTsºfCUnùùù xÆ¬MVTBitCaKµand·gGÃIesaH xÆ¬MVTCaCagkat'sk'rksIukat'sk'ral'
«f© xÆ¬MVTKµanTak'TgGInwgVrSgesaHeLIyTane¨Vs sUmemt¶akuMeFÃIVbxÆ¬MVTGI!
kayv^karnigTwkmuxG~keTasenH eFÃI[xÆ¬MEdlCaG~kcSkat'esck¶ICamYynwgem@ 6 nak'
eTotenaH sµanyl'faK~aenaHCamnus§sucriteT BuMEmnCaKijVrSgeT. tamxÆ¬M xÆ¬Mcg'EtXat'BYk
GaeBCÎXatfa[Qb'sYreToteTA bu"En¶xÆ¬MBuMTan'hßanXat'eT xÂacem@ äeToteKBuM¨sbnwgxÆ¬M.
cemÂIyGgÃrrbs'G~keTasenaH BMuVneFÃI[eBCÎXatTTYlTn'tameLIy. eKk*tSgTat'
eJHG~keTasenaHmYyPÂwby"agF©n' K~acukrmYlyk«dek¶abeJH dYlnenoleTAeTot. karenHKYr
EtQb'mYynaTI bu"En¶eBCÎXateyIgrwtEtbeJÍjPaBsahavxÂSgeLIg eKsæ¬HmkTat'eTot G~k
eTasremol¨tLb'pûab'p©ar eTAmÅagm~ak' m~ak'Tat'bJØèneTAm~ak'eTot bursenHremolcuHeLIg rYc
eBCÎXatm~ak'enaHTat'¨bemolmk[xÆ¬M G~keTasremolmkC^teCégxÆ¬M ral'K~adUcCacg'[xÆ¬MeFÃIdUc
eKEdr bu"En¶etI[xÆ¬MyareCégTat'Fak'mnus§EdldUcCaBiraBikarenHekItEdrÉ? ehIyxÆ¬MkMBugEt
yl'fa eKenHCamnus§lípg etI[xÆ¬Mp¶l'TaruNkmµeXareXAdUec~HekItEdrÉ? minekItesaH
ehIyxÆ¬MQrenAes©¿m smÂwgeTAmnus§EdlenAEkºreCégenaH²tecjs¶I. mnus§enaHägEdldUc
CasnÂb'mYyv·gehIyd·gxÂçneLIgv^jenaH k*dUcCavegÃgTisGs' Vn{kasEdleKmineFÃIGIÃenA
nwgmuxxÆ¬MenH K~a¨tdregébkºaleLIgyk«d¨ct'débegúébxÂçnbn¶ic ehIysMBHxÆ¬M niyayx§av@
edaykmÂSgex§ayfa:
- ¨BHetCKuNùùù GaNitCYyxÆ¬MVTpg, xÆ¬MVTKµand·gerOgGÃITSgGs' xÆ¬MVTKµaneFÃIKij
VrSgesaH sMukuMsmÂab'xÆ¬MGI!
xÆ¬MenAEtes©¿m Kµan¨btikmµ G~keTask*niyayeTotfa:
- ¨BHetCKuNùùù ebI¨BHetCKuNsmÂab'xÆ¬MVT k*dUcCasmÂab'mnus§BIrnak'eTotEdr KW
xÆ¬MVTmanm¶aycas'm~ak' nigbíèn¨sImYyEdl¨tèvxÆ¬MrksIuciJÍwmral'«f©. ebIGt'BIxÆ¬MenaH
G~kTSgBIrk*nwgevTnaehIy sUmelakmÍas'GaNitCév^tstÃpgTan!
xÆ¬Ms¶ab'sMdéenH k*ekItBicarNaGaNit EtxÆ¬MBuMtbfaGÃIeT xÆ¬MedérecjBIvg'enaHmkGgð¬yenA
mYykEnÂg nrNaeFÃIGIG~keTasenaHeFÃIcuH. EtBYkem@ nigBYkXatkrk*Gt'maneFÃIGÃIEdr eKedérmk
rkxÆ¬MTSgGs'K~a k~¬gTMngcg'Bie¨KaH. emm~ak'sYrxÆ¬Mfa:
- GaKijenHvaFÂab'sðal'bgmu"lägÉ? vaCa¨KçsarbgägÉ? VnCabgägmin¨BmeFÃI
Vbva?

18
- vaminFÂab'sðal'xÆ¬MeT vaminEmnCasac'jatixÆ¬MeT bu"En¶vaCaExµrm~ak' EdlBYkeyIgrab'
faCasac'QameyIgEdr!
GaeBCÎXatniyaykat'xÆ¬MeLIg:
- vaCaExµrEmn EtExµrEqûVrSg vaeFÃIKijVrSg vaCamnus§kºt'!
xÆ¬MtbeTAv^j edaysemÂg¨sal:
- KµanPs¶¬tagäNa¨Kb'¨Kan'faK~aenaHCaKijeT! ebIrkPs¶¬tageXIj¨Kb'¨Kan'enaH kuM
faeLIyEtbursenaH TSgK~aeyIgenHk*eday [Ethßankºt' xÆ¬MhßaneFÃITaruNkmµy"ag
xÂSgelIsenHeTAeTot.
emm~ak'sYrkat'eLIg:
- GuIcuHkMNt'ehtuG~kesIubkarN_ EdleK[mkenaH TukCaGÃIeTAv^j?
- enaHminEmnCaPs¶¬tag¨Kb'¨Kan'eT xÆ¬MminykCaVnkarTSgGs'eT ¨tèvesIubsYr[
dl'kEnÂgeTAeTot!
- eFÃIdUcbgmu"läg yWtkarN_Nas'.
- GIucwgehIy e¨JHeyIg¨tèvrk§ayuti¶Fmápg!
xÆ¬MtbdUec~H ehIyegébedérecj. emm~ak'sYrxÆ¬MbJØak'edayminsbºaycit¶:
- GIucwgbgmu"lägyl'faGaenaHCamnus§líÉ?
- xÆ¬MminfaeT EtxÆ¬Mfa¨tèvGegûtteTAeTot!
- ebIGIucwg tambgmu"läg bgmu"lägminsmÂab'GaenHeTÉ?
- h~wgehIytamxÆ¬M xÆ¬Mmin[smÂab'mnus§enHeT!
- cMENkBYkeyIg BYkeyIgse¨mcfa¨tèvEtsmÂab'!
- eFÃIGIeFÃIeTA xÆ¬Mmind·geT!
- líe¨cIn, Vnesck¶Ifabgägminsbºaycit¶nwgBYkeyIgeFÃIGMeBIenHeT!
emenaHbgíg'bn¶ic gakeTArkK~IK~a rYcniyaycºas'@ fa:
- eGI²LèvenH kneyIgQb'eFÃIVbG~keTasenaHeToteTA elIkva[eTA¨sukv^jeTA!
e¨JHrkPs¶¬tagKµan!
rYceKjak'EP~kdak'eBCÎXat EdlmankSePÂIg Remington ¨KaenaH bursenaH¾eKfa[rYc
eTas k*xMegébedére¨Tte¨TatcUlmkk~¬g TMngsuMGrKuN EtG~kmankSePÂIgniyayfa:
- eTA, ecjeTA eK[rYcxÂçnehIy edér[¨tg'eTA kuMgake¨kay!
K~axMedérTSgC÷han¨Tm@ ecjBIenaHVn¨bEhlCa 10 Em"¨t ¨sab'Et pSg!! GUy! G~k
enaHdYl¨swub eday¨Kab'<rWmIgtug>eTATmÂ¬HsµaEbkQamrEhg. TMngCayl'fa eKVj'[xÂçn
ecj[qab'@ k*mind·g G~kenaHxM¨tdrE¨sk¨KlYcfa: VnehIyTan, VnehIykuMEfmeTot!
ehIy¨tdregébeLIgeTot bu"En¶ pSg!! mYy¨Kab'eTot¨KwbeTAeTotegébElgrYc eday¨tèv¨tg'
kºald÷NMNas'. bursenaHs©at'mat'¨twmeNaH EdlxÆ¬MnwkfaK~adac'x´l'eTAehIy. bu"En¶
BYkeBCÎXatVneTAemIlehIyE¨skfa:

19
- yI! GaenHFÂaykºalbu"NöwgehIy enArs'eToth~±!
eKnSK~aGUsG~keTasenaHmkv^j! GsÍarŃas' G~keTasenaHFÂaysµaFÂaykºal Et
enAminTan'sÂab' enAEtxMebIkEP~k ehIy«djjIjj&rsMBHmkG~kral'K~a. eKral'K~adUcCaFmµta
bu"En¶xÆ¬Mm~ak'KWb"HTgð^ck~¬gcit¶y"agxÂSg. xÆ¬MemIlmuxxÂçn¨VNbursenaH Edl¨kaldN¶b'labln
edayQam¨khmBBuH. degúémp¶·k@ xÆ¬MdUcCaPan'PSgtSgsµartIbn¶ic e¨JHnwkfaminKYrBYkxÆ¬MenH
smÂab'mnus§enHeday«¨B«p§dUec~HesaH. ehIyehtukarN_EdleFÃI[xÆ¬MexÂaccit¶rkJkńiyay
BuMVnenaH KWJk´sm¶Icuge¨kayrbs'mnus§enaH EdlniyayTSgdkcgûaman'mkkan'BYkxÆÆ¬Mfa:
- elakmÍas'ùùù ebIelakmÍas'Gs'GaNit Gs'ykGgÃrxÆ¬MVTehIy k*snµt'Cakmµ
plrbs'xÆ¬MVTcuH, bu"En¶xÆ¬MVTsuMp¶SelakmÍas'bn¶icfa suMelakmÍas'emt¶aykd÷Nwg
xÆ¬MsÂab'enHeTA[m¶ayxÆ¬MVTd·gpg ehIysuMelakmÍas'CYylk'e¨KOgkat'sk' nig
GIva"n'tictYcenApæHxÆ¬MVTenaHyk¨Vk'eTA[m¶ayxÆ¬MVTpg rYcfasuM[Kat'eTAsuMsIl
enAvt¶, TSgbíèn¨sIxÆ¬MenaHk*suM[nageTAsuIQ~çlCYlB&TìeKciJÍwmm¶aypg! suMelak
emt¶aCYyxÆ¬MVTbu"eNöaHcuH! p¶SrYck*dac'x´l'lµm eTIbeKGUsexµacykeTAkb'eday
Can'déBIelIdUcCaexµacEqû. xÆ¬M¨KvékºalhYscit¶. xÆ¬MenAEt¨s«msemÂgf©èrGgÃrkr
rbs'bursenaHCab'nwg¨tecok.
e¨kaymkBuMGs'cit¶ xÆ¬Mk*Vnes~Iem@ xÂH[cat'esIuberOgburskat'sk'enHCafµé ehIy[
G~kesIubenHCamnus§¨Vkd¨bCapg. mYysV¶h_e¨kaymk ¨sab'EtVnrVykarN_BIG~k
esIubfµéenHfa burskat'sk'EdlBYk²s§r:smÂab'enaH KWCamnus§sucritsÂèt¨tg'eT K~aBuMEmn
CaKijrbs'VrSgeT. edémehtumkBImanExµr²s§r:K~aägeTA¨sLaj'bíèn¨sI¨kmuMrbs'K~a K~ak*
karJrbíèn¨sIK~aeLIg. ägeFÃIGÃIBuMVn k*rkerOgecaT¨bkan'K~afaCaKijVrSgeTA. KiteTAerOgenH
mUlehtumkBIerOgpæal'xÂçnTSg¨sug ykmnus§m~ak'KµaneTasesaH mkeFÃITaruNkmµy"agyg'
X~g ehIysmÂab'K~ay"ag«¨B«p§.
GMeBIenHnS[xÆ¬Msíb'bMput ehIyEtgEtrM®kBYkem@ CashkarIenaHfa sUm[K~aeyIg
ecosvagrbbGyuti¶FmáEbbenHxÂHeTA, BYkeKEtgtbfa eNúIy! KµannrNaeTABicarNaTan'eT
¨tèvEt[vasÂab'xÂHGIucwgeTAcuH! xÆ¬Mniyayfa ebIGIucwgvaminxusnwgKMniteyIgEdlCaG~k¨sLaj'
yuti¶FmáeTAehIy? ebIGuIcwgeyIgcg'rMedaH¨sukeTseFÃIGI ebIeyIgecHkan'Gyuti¶FmátSgBI²LèvenH
eTAehIyenaH? BYkTSgenaHxwgxÆ¬My"agxÂSg²tniyays¶I. enHägCacritExµr²s§r:C÷nan'enaH cUl
cit¶kan'p¶ac'karkab'smÂab'KµanBicarNa. xÆ¬Mm¶g@ swgEt¨TSBuMVncg'Et¨bkasrMlaybk§enH
ecj. bu"En¶ ecHEtxM¨TSb¨gçbb¨gçmteTAeTot k~¬geKalbMNgdEdl cg'ksag¨sukeTs[
VnäkraC´. má"geToterOgGs'enaHxÆ¬Mk*EsnxµasCatiesomNas' minhßan[esomd·gerOg
Ebbh~wgeT.
k~¬gerOgEbbdUcK~aenH manmYyeTot KWerOgelak cnærg§I EdlsBÃ«f©enHCaGPiVlext¶
KirIrm´ nigCaembJØakarkgBltUcefµéreCégelx 13. elak cnærg§I kalEdlenAeFÃICa²s§r:
bß^HEtnwgrebHCév^tVt'ehIy edaysarEtkarecaT¨bkan'rbs'em@. erOgenaHKWfa elakcnærg§I

20
¨tèvBYk²s§r:Caempæal'ecaT¨bkan'fa CaKijykkarN_BI²s§r:eTA[VrSg rYck*cat'[K~IK~a
cgXÂ¬Mmux¨bugnSykeTAsmÂab'Casm©at'. xÆ¬MVnd·gdUec~H k*¨bjab'Xat'ehIy[nSelakcnærg§I
mksaksYrCafµé. BYkGs'enHriHKn'xÆ¬Mfakan'eCég¨Kçsaräg e¨JHfaelakcnærg§I¨tèvCakµçyCédUn
mYyxÆ¬M e¨JHxÆ¬Mnig¨BHGgðmÍas'tUCaÒBukcnærg§IenaH ¨tèvCabgbíènCédUnmYyxÆ¬M. m¶aymÍas'tU eQµaH
m"m-tatCa¨bBnìhÂçg nerat¶m ¨tèvCam¶ayFMxÆ¬M. EtxÆ¬Mfa xÆ¬MBuMEmnyl'jati[XÂatcºab'enaHeT xÆ¬M
¨Kan'EtsaksYr[cºas'sineTetI ebIcnærg§ICaKijVrSgEmnminVc'[BYkenaHykeTAsmÂab'ä
Naq©ayeT [smÂab'Cak'Es¶genAnwgmuxxÆ¬M enAnwgmuxG~k¨sukEtm¶g. BYkenaHenAes©¿m. eTIbxÆ¬M
cat'[esIubCafµé k*¨sab'EtVnBtámancºas'las'fa BuMEmnCaerOgpl¨beyaCn_bk§²s§r:eT
KWCaerOgpæal'xÂçnsuTìsaFEtm¶g. ehtuenaHehIy edayk¶Iek¶A¨khayrkeFÃIGÃIcnærg§IBuMekIt man
EtpÂèvecaTcnærg§IfaCaKijVrSg eTIbecaTdUec~aHeTAcnærg§IsÂab'.
eXIjeT? manerOg¨beyaCn_rYm ¨beyaCn_bk§äNa suTìEtCaerOgpæal'xÂçn erOg¨sIjI
ecHEtmYlbgûac'ecaT¨bkan'K~aykK~aeTAsmÂab'FUrlú¬yeTArYc. elakcnærg§IkuMEtVnxÆ¬MXat'yk
mkTuk ehIycat'[esuIberOgTan' kuMGI¨tèvBYktµatGs'enaH¨kEblVt's©at'tSgBIenaHe¨sc.
¨tg'eNHehIyEdlxÆ¬Mkt'sMKal'eXIjfa BYkExµr²s§r:Gt'mancºab'TSgGs' ²tman
esIubsYrrkyuti¶FmáTSgGs' ecaT¨bkan'K~aJne¨takJn¨tSg G~kmankmÂSgsmÂab'K~aG~k
ex§ayy"ag¨sYl.
e¨kABIGMeBIenH xÆ¬MenAmanerOgmYyeTotKYr[cMGk EdlBYk²s§r:eKcUlcit¶niym ehIy
EdlxÆ¬MVn[eQµaHfa C÷enOhYssm&y.
sUm¨Cabfa sm&yenaHBYk²s§r:manC÷enOelImn¶GaKm GUmGam Ex§Kafa Ex§cegûH
kEn§gy&n¶, kuy KC', Eckac'ùùù Caedém.
¨KYmn¶GaKmsm&yenaHCaGacar´, Ca¨BHsgô. G~kTSgenaHEtgGHGagfa e¨KOge¨KA
rbs'xÂçns&k¶isiTìiNas' suTìEtkab'minmut dutmineqH Vj'minecj. etIvasuTìEtxÂSgBUEks&ki¶
siTiìBit¨VkddUcJk´GHGagTSgenaHÉ? xÆ¬MmanerOgmYymkC÷rab: «f©mYyCa«f©bgûk'¨bsiTIìkg
T&B. BYk²s§r:mYy¨kumVnnimn¶elaksgômYyGgð EdlCa¨Kèrbs'eK[mk¨bkbBiFI. k~¬g
BiFIenaHmanerobcME¨KGasn: nigerobe¨KOgskûarbUCa emIleTAdUcCaeKerobeFÃIbuN´GPiesk
¨BHdUec~aH BiFIenH¨b¨Bwt¶eTAGs'¨VMBIryb'¨VMBIr«f©eTIbVncb'. kalebIsU¨tmn¶GaKm¨bk'¨BuM
rYcehIy elaksgôenaHgakmkmanBuTìdIkanwg²s§r:fa: Gs'elakTSgGs'K~amane¨KOgs&ki¶
siTiìeBjxÂçnehIy e¨KOge¨KATSgenHkarJrGs'elakVnehIy xµSgVj'Gs'elakminecj
eT ÉecjEdrEtmin¨tèveT ebImineCO lemIlcuH! ehIyebIGs'elakminhßanlK~aäg l
Vj'Gatµav^jcuH!
ehIyelakenaHnimn¶eTAQrenAcMkN¶alTI¨bkbBiFI.
xÆ¬MEdlmineCOerOgenH k*VnXat'K~aägfa: ÇkuMGalsin, kuMGallep¶sp¶aseTArk
elak lEtkEnÂgGasn:sinVnehIy e¨JHkEnÂgenaHmane¨KOge¨KAy&n¶KafaEdrÈ. eTIbxÆ¬M
TajkSePÂIg<karbßén>mYyedémt¨mg'eTArkGasn:. cuc«kkÂwk! Qwg! minecj¨Kab'; xÆ¬Mnwkfa

21
«Gya"! xÂSgBUEkEmneTd·g? bu"En¶ xÆ¬Mrlak'¨Kab'enaHecj dak'¨Kab'fµécuc«kkÂwk! pSg! huyEp§g
¨Telam! xÆ¬Mlan'mat'fa: En± eXIjeT? min¨sçleT kuMlelgp¶as[esaH, ¨Kab'munsí¬y
¨Kab'e¨kaylíVj'ecj, suMkuMGalfaVj'minecjenaH!
bu"En¶elak¨KèenaH ¨bEhlCaxµas'xÆ¬Mem"cmind·g Ék*eCOmn¶GaKmelakesµaHeTAehIyk*
mind·g elakE¨sk¨Vb'eTATahan²s§r:fa: ÇEn±Gs'elakkuMeTAlGInwgTIGasn:rbs'²t
v^JïaNenaH, [lmnus§v^jeTIbd·g¨Vkd Gs'elakVj'mkGatµacuH! ebI¨Kab'ecjmk¨tèv
sÂab'Gatµa k*sÂab'eTAcuH!
xÆ¬Mk*VnXat'elakv^jfa: ÇsUm¨BHetCKuNkuM[eKlelg@ enaH rbs's&ki¶siTìieKEtg
EtminleT, xÆ¬MkruNayl'faKYrkuMsaklºgeFÃIGI! tamBit¨tèvEtBn´l'kUnTahan[ecHlut
¨kabtamrebobyuTìsaås¶bcÍ¬bºn~eTIb¨tèv BIe¨JHsm&y²LèvenH ¨Kab'kSePÂIgxusBIsm&ydUn
taeyIgq©ayNas' ¨Kab'kSePÂIgBIedém¨ckBImat'E¨t eyIgykePÂIgdut Ék*dutBIKl'eTAeTIbpæ¬H
sæ¬HeTAmux, ä²Lèv ¨Kab'ecjmYyv^naTIrab'minGs', Fanaem¶cnwgekIt? [kUnTahanrgem¶cVn?
elaksgôenaHeFÃImin¾ ehIyEbrCaniyaynwgTahan²s§r:fa, ÇGs'elak vas'BI
kEnÂgGatµaQrenHeTAcMnYn 7 kSePÂIgrYcVj'mkcuH!È
BImuxkEnÂgbYgsYgenaHmanE¨KtUcmYy elaksgôenaHKg'elIE¨KenAEkºrenaH sU¨tPav-
na rYcE¨skfa [Vj'mkcuH!
Tahanm~ak'EdlkMBugcg'lºg k*tSgykkSePÂIgeTAvas'BIkEnÂgelakQr fymk¨Kb'
cMnYn 7 kSePÂIg k*tSgt¨mg'kSePÂIgeTAelaksgôenaH elaksgôenaHenAeFÃI¨Begéy ¨sab'Et
pSg! dYl¨Kwb! elakmaneTAs&k¶isiTìäNa elakdkcgûaman'BIrbIg·uk k*putx´l'lµmùùù TSg
Gs'K~aP&ybHsk' Elg¨bkbBiFI¨twmenaH nSK~aEsgexµacelakenaH ykeTAkb'ecalbMVt'dan
xÂacesomd·g vaecaTägfaykelaksgômkVj'elg ÉdUec~H dUec~aH. xÆ¬Mniyayfa: Çem"c,
eXIjeT? C÷enOecalem§¿t! eronlut¨kablUntamBiFIcºSgminKiteT mkrvl'nwgerOgGUmGam
QrVj' ²Lèvem"ceTA? ral'K~aes©¿m.
bu"En‘enAEtdEdl erOgmn¶GaKmGUmGamenaH. dUcCaelakem²s§r:m~ak' Kat'erIsVnGM-
Ebg«dEkvburaNmYy EdlEbkecjBItYEkv Kat'¨bkan'faCaKC'BiessNas' xMykmke¨sab
mas Jk'enAk. xÆ¬M¨Vb'Kat'fa: BuMEmnKC'eT, KWCabMENk«dEkvburaNeT, Kat'enAEtfa: eT, KC'
¨VkdNas', Kat'erIsVnmk edaysareTvtabgúajKat'[eXIj! tamBitKWCabMENk«dEkv
esaH KYr[esIc!
sUmC¨mabfa VnCaxÆ¬Msðal'faCa«dEkvburaN tºitpæHxÆ¬MFÂab'manEkvFunenaHEdr.
eXIjeT, C÷enOGkusl, KµanBicarNa minsðal'KC'enaHy"agem"c, Ekvy"agem"c ¾EteK
¨Vb'ragerA tSgeCOPÂam ykmktMekIgPÂam. G~kEdleKd·g eKlbesIcmaneTAticGI.
¨tg'eNH xÆ¬Myl'fa KMnitBYkeyIgenHenATabNas', enAl©g'Nas' esæIrEtfarkelx
dak'BuMVn. xÆ¬M, xÆ¬MeCOEdr KWeCO¨BHBuTì ¨BHFmá ¨BHsgô nigkmµpl kusl Gkusl eFÃIlíVnlí
eFÃIGa¨kk'VnGa¨kk'. äfaeTAeCOelImn¶GaKm Ex§cegûHx~aytan' KC' kuy Eckac' nagBYnsíI@

22
enaH mineCOeT. GMeBIlí kuslplbuN´eT EdlnS[xÆ¬MVnrYcBIsÂab'rYcBIe¨KaHf~ak' BuMEmn
mkBIe¨KOge¨KAmn¶GaKmGUmGamenaHeT.
x enH sUmGs'elakG~kFM G~ktUcEdlmanC÷enOy"agNa@ enaH emt¶aGP&yeTas[
pg ebIyl'faeyabl'xÆ¬MenHmin¨sbnwgGs'elak.
R
R R

23
karvay¨bhar¨kugesomrab
enAeBlEdl¨kumExµr²s§r:ecHEtTTUce¨cIndgeBk ehIyEdleyIgmanGavuFlµm
ehIy xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l k*ebIksm&y¨bCu÷Bie¨KaHnwgGs'elakem@ äeTotfa etIeyIgcUrGnuJïat
[K~aeyIgeTAvayVrSgÉeT? ehIyebIfaGnuJïat etIeyIgeTAvaykEnÂgNaCamun?
e¨kayEdlVnBiPak§aK~ad*yUrmk Ggð¨bC÷uk*se¨mcfa¨tèvGnuJïat[eTAvayext‘
esomrab ehIymunnwgcUlvay¨kugesomrab ¨tèvvaysala¨sukBYk[VnCamunsin ykpÂèv
eTA¨kugesomrab.
e¨kayesck¶IsMercenH G~kemcat'k*beN¶aHkUnT&B[eFÃId÷eNIrtampÂèv«¨BxÂH tampÂèvrf-
yn¶xÂH eTAkan'¨suksirIesaP&N EdlkalenaH«f¨tçt¨taCarbs'«f ehA¨sukenaHfa sIusupun
ehIyEdlraCkar«fVnelIk¨sukenaHCaext‘ [eQµaHfa ext¶BibUßnsug¨kam (Bibulsågðam)
pg.
karecjd÷eNIrenaH minticmintYc edérC^t 5 «f©eTIbVndl'TIedACYbCu÷K~a. CYbCu÷K~aehIy
elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgbJØa[Qb'enAk~¬gmNël«nsirIesaP&N q©ayBI
¨suk¨kLaj'¨bEhlCa 5 Kùm sõanenaHCa¨BM¨bTl'Exµrnwgesomsm&yenaH.
VnQb'enA¨tg'PUmivarin elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU tSgykEpnTImkBinit´
[vaysala¨sukBYk nigTI¨kugesomrab. mYy¨kum[cSvaysalaBYk mYy¨kumeTotmanK~a
¨bEhl 200 nak' [eTAkan'¨kugesomrab.

24
¨kumExµr²s§r: minVnGt'KMniteT eKcat'K~IK~a[eTAesIubcMnYnTahanVrSgenA¨kugesom
rab d·geTotfamanVrSgenA¨kugesomrab¨bEhl 25 nak'CanayTahan edkenAnwgsN½aKar
ext¶.
elak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Vn[bJØaeTAG~kEdl¨tèveTAkan'¨kugesomrab
[eFÃId÷eNIreTAtampÂèvVrayN_ ehIy[EckK~aCa 5 ¨kumsMrab'vaydUceTAenH Ð
- ¨kumTI 1 [vaysN½aKarext¶ (EdlmanVrSg)
- ¨kumTI 2 [vaybnæayTahaneCégexµA
- ¨kumTI 3 [vaybu"s¶iEx§lYsp¶ac'karTak'Tg
- ¨kumTI 4 [vayBnìnaKarrMedaHG~keTas
- ¨kumTI 5 [vaypæHKijt¨mçtext¶nigpæHKy
¨kumTSgenH ¨tèvcab'vaymYy¨Bwbk~¬geBlyb'[¨BmK~aEtm¶g kuM[mYymunmYye¨kay
nSex§aykmÂSg. edémºIecosvagkuM[e¨KaHf~ak' t¨mèv[kUnBlTSgGs'kuMVj'elgep¶sp¶as
²tsN¶ab'F~ab'. ehobnwgcUlvayenaHeTot k*kuM[Vj'V"tNaV"tNI [s¶ab'bJØaem¨kumTI
1 ebIem¨kumTI1 Vj' swmVj'¨BmK~acUllukEtm¶geTA.
Vncat'TSg 5 ¨kume¨scehIy bJØak'ehIybJØak'eTotfaelIkenHCad÷bUgehIy
eyIg[manreboberobryehIynwgmanesck¶IkÂahan eTIbGacnwgmanC&yC÷nH. TSgGs'K~a
suTìEtTTYlVT@ eKarBTSgGs' e¨JHsuTìEtcg'ykeCaKC&y ykeQµaHlºIerogxÂçn. bnæab'BI
VnTTYlbJØacºas'las' BYkEdlmanebskmµvayesomrabenaH k*eFÃId÷eNIrmktampÂèvV-
rayN_. enAeBlyb' TSgGs'K~albcUlmkkan'¨kugesomrab ehIybMEbkK~aCa¨kumcS¨bti-
bt¶ikartamcMNat'rbs'nayecAhÃayEdlVn[mkehIyenaH. bnæab'BIbJØabMEbkehIy ¨kum
TImYyVncUltampÂèvGgðrvt¶sn§wm@ eTArksN½aKarext¶.
eBlenaHem"agBIrGa¨Fa¨t«n«f©TI 7 ExsIha 1946 TSgGs'K~albbn¶icm¶g@ cUleTA
kan'sN½aKarext¶ enA¨bmaNCaBIrKILèEm"¨tnwgdl' k*¾sUrsnìwkreTHGeN¶Ik (Auto-blindé)
ke¨kIkdéecjmkBI¨kug KWBYkTahanyamtºatrk§a¨kug. reTHGeN¶Ikecjmkdl'eFÂa eBlenaH
elakem¨kumTImYyVnbJØa[kneyIg¨kabcuH hammin[Vj'dac'xat. bu"En¶man²s§r:m~ak'
eQµaH Em"n ¨bEhlCaP~ak'garsm©at'rbs'VrSgk*mind·g e¨JHeyIgeFÃs¨bEhsminsegût[
Cak'lak' Kat'mans¶ab'äNa reTHGeNI¶kmkC^tk*Vj'¨VveTAEtm¶g dUcCa[sJïaeTAreTH
GeNI¶kenaH. reTHGeN¶IkenaHVj'e¨sacmkv^jPÂam rYc¨tLb'cUlbnæayv^j ¨bkasPaBGa-
sn~mYyrMeBc.
äcMENkTSgbYn¨kumeTotedayVnsJïa¨byuTìehIy k*VnvaylukeTA¨Kb'TIedA
K¨KwkKe¨Kg. BYkTahanenArk§a¨kugTSgbu"nµan vegÃg¨cçl¨cbl'rcl'CaxÂSg. rIä¨kumTImYy
Edl¨Cul«dVj'nS[reTHGeN¶Ikd·gxÂçnehIyebIkcUleTA¨kugv^jenaH k*tSgrt'tamLanenaH
eTAeTotrhUtdl'sN½aKarext¶. enHkuMEtmanesck¶IkÂahan kuMGIBuMGaccUlmkdl'VneT e¨JH
VrSgVnVj'Tb'xÂSgNas' mkBIvad·gxÂçnmun. ehIyenHebIkuMEtmanemekay¨Kan'ebI kuMGIk*

25
rtat'rtaye¨sceTAehIy. BYk¨kumTImYyenHVncUlC^tdl'sN½aKar k*tSgVj'sMedAeTArk
bnæb'VrSg. cMENkVrSgnayTahanVrSgmantSgBIsk¶iBIreTAdl'sk¶i¨VM VnVj'mkv^j
y"agxÂSgkÂa. enAmat'CeN¶Ir VrSgVnTajtuTUXSgpÂèvmin[eyIgcUlVn. nay¨kumeyIg
E¨skbJØa[cUl EtcUlmincuH ¨Kan'EtVnKb'¨Kab'EbkeTAe¨Jg¨Jt eFÃI[VrSgTIenaHdYlcuH
xÂHbu"eNöaH e¨kABIenaHvaVj'Tb'eyIgCab'.
sUmGs'elakG~kBicarNacuHfa Exµr²s§r:eBlenaHecjedérBI¨kLaj'tSgBI¨Blb'
mkdl'¨kugesomrabem"ag 2 eTAehIy etIGs'kmÂSgbu"Nöa. Edlmkdl'ehIycab'eFÃIkarvay
lukPÂamenH KWeFÃIedaycit¶cg'qab'Etm¶gKµanKitmuxe¨kayGÃIeT. enHehIyCacritrbs'eyIgmYy
EbbEdr EdleFÃIkarGÃIminsUvsæg'kmÂSgGatµaägesaH.
äcMENkkEnÂgTSgbYneTot Edlman¨kumTSg 4 CaG~k¨btibti¶karenaH swgmaneCaK
C&ydUc¨Vf~a KWeyIgvaybnæayeCégexµAVn VnkSePÂIg 40 edém enAKukk*vayFÂay enAkEnÂgBIr
eTotk*FÂay srubeTAVnGavuFC^t 100 edém. GavuFTSgenaH nSK~am~Im~aelIkdak'elILan ¨bug
nSecjeTAtampÂèvGgðrvt¶. EtKYr[esIceTAcuH eBlEdldak'GavuFelILanehIy tSge¨bIK~aäg
[ebIkLan, KµannrNam~ak'ecHesaH tSgnSK~aerIykGavuFenaHBILanmkv^jkan'm~ak'mYy@ eTA
v^j sl'bu"nµanTukelILandEdl. KiteTAcMNayeBlGt'¨beyaCn_ e¨JHEtminVnsaksYr
K~a[d·gmun. NamYyxÂacVrSgmksågðb'v^jpg maneTA¨sçlGI mkcMNayeBlelIkdak'
dUec~H.
äcMENk¨kumTI1 EdlminGacTmÂaysN½aKarVn mkBIm´"agVrSgenABIelI m´"ageTot
eyIgePÂccab'PÂwkBIerOgsUrs&Bæ EdlecjBIxÂçneyIgnS[VrSgd·gVn ehIyVj't¨mg'mk.
eBlenaHyb'gg·tEmnehIy Etdl'VrSgva¾sUrEr"ker"akrbs'EdleyIgsõay vad·gvaVj'
¨VvmkEtm¶g eFÃI[eyIgruleTAmuxBuMrYcesaH. sUrEr"ker"akenaH KWsUrsÂab¨Jnigq~SgEdleyIg
sõayenaHTgð^cK~a. edérFmµta ²tTgð^cK~a¾sUrGÃIeT luHmkdl'rt' k*Tgð^cK~aer"akr"ak@ Etm¶g.
eyIgrt'eTANak*¾sUr dUcCasJïa[VrSgd·gEtm¶g dUec~HeTaHbIVj'eyIgmin¨tèvk¶I k*
Vj'e¨sacmkEdr bß^HxÂçn. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgcUlBuMVn.
karenHCabTeronmYyEdr famunnwgeFÃIGÃI@ ¨tèvEtKit[Vnlíitlín'swmeFÃI. cMENk¨kum
TI 5 EdlVneTAvaypæHKijnigpæHKyenaH VncUleTAVj'emKyCatiVrSgm~ak'sÂab'enATIenaH
Etm¶g emKyCatiVrSgman¨bBnìCatilav.
eBlenaHem"ag 6 ¨Bwklµm BYk²s§r:eyIgxÂHkMBuge¨tg¨tagedérerIskSePÂIgEdlTahan
VrSgTukecal ¨sab'Et¨keLkeTAPUmiCay¨kug k*eXIjT&BVrSgkMBugsgÅ¬jcUlmkv^j. eTIb
d·gfa «Gya" BYkGaenHePosxÂçnBIyb' eTAe¨kAbeN¶ay[ägGukL¬kbnæayvacuH vacS¨kesab
ägBIe¨kAmkv^jeTetI! minekIteT! kuMenAe¨tg¨tagdl'NaeTot. em¨kumTSgGs' E¨skbJØa[
fytamkºçnyuTìsaås¶eqõaHeTATisxageCég tampÂèvGgðrvt¶. TSgGs'K~afyeTAKµanbgíg' BYkTa
hanVrSg KWVj'e¨Jg¨Jtmk rYcedjtameyIgrhUtnKrvt¶. TSgGs'K~abMEbkK~abMVt'dan
rYck*tSgeFÃId÷eNIreqõaHeTAkMBg'fûèvEtm¶g.

26
karvay¨kugesomrabenH minsnµtfaeCaKC&yÉbraC&yGÃIeT bu"En¶Ca¨semaltsUßmYy
EdleFÃI[BYkGaNaniKmVrSg P&yEpímmat'mYy¨Kad*FMeTAEdr ehIyvaGacbN¶¬HTwkcit¶Exµrä
eTot[PÆak'rlwkeLIgpg.
Btámane¨kaykarvay¨bhar
manGMeBIKYr[QWcab'mYyEdlKYrnSykmkC¨mab.
BYk²s§r:munnwgdkfyecjBIlan¨byuTìVnnSK~anSG~krbYs¨sal@ mktam äG~k
rbYsF©n'ykmkBuMrYc k*nSK~a¨Kah_ykeTAdak'enAnwgmuxKiland½an¨kug.
edayKiteXIjfa: BYkbuKðlikeBT´Kg'mancit¶FmáCYyB´aVlEdr. bu"En¶mandUceyIg
KitäNa? e¨kayEdlVncUlmkkan'kab'¨kugv^j PÂamenaHBYkVrSgVnbJØa[elIk²s§r:
G~krbYsTSgbu"nµandak'elILanTahand·kecjBITI¨kug dl'«¨BehIyk*[Qb' rYcelIkG~krbYs
TSgenaHeVHmkdéVj'ecalmYym¶g@ smÂab'TSgGs'
(1)
. KiteTACaGMeBI«¨B«p§Emn. tamFmµ-
tacºab'skl erOgsågðameKminEdlsmÂab'eQÂIysågðameT ehIyäeNHVrSgsmÂab'Exµr
²s§r:CaeQÂIy EdlKµanGavuFenA«dEfmTSgmanrbYseTotpg.
cMENkenAsala¨sukBYkäeNaH e¨kaykarvay¨bharrbs'BYk²s§r: BYkVrSgk*
cab'BYkbuKðliksik§amanelak sMeGO CaG~kkILaVl'Tat'eCégäkxagcSTIC÷nan'enaHvaysÂab'
nigP~ak'garsala¨sukykeTAcgvaysmÂab'Gs'Cae¨cInK~a edayvaecaTfaBYkTSgenHcUl«d
nwgBYk²s§r: k~¬gkarvay¨bharenH. BIe¨JHkalBIkºall©ac BYkbuKðliksik§anigbuKðliksa
la¨suke¨cInK~a CYbCu÷K~asIuelog. dl'kN¶alGa¨Fa¨t BYk²s§r:k*vay¨VvmkEtm¶g VrSg
vaecaTfaBYkenH[«deTABYk²s§r:
(2)
tamBitBuMmanesaH bu"En¶VrSgEdlvarkEt{kaseFÃIVb
Exµr k*ecHEtecaTy"agh~wgeTA.
(1) erOgenHd·gedaysarelak s-sug rd½mån¶I¨ksYgksikmµ, kaleNaHelakCakUnsis§salaext¶
esomrab .
(2) d·gerOgenHedaysarelak Nub- quM tMNagraås¶sBÃ«f©, kaleNaHelakCa¨Kèbe¨gonenAext¶esomrab.

27
karbMEbkK~a«nBYk²s§r:
bnæab'BIkardkfyGMBI¨kugesomrab, BYk²s§r:VneFÃId÷eNIrmktampÂèvkMBg'fûèv ehIy
mkQb'enACYrP~MdgErk.
edémºI[Vnrs'¨sYl BYk²s§r:VnbMEbkK~aCabI¨kum. ¨kumTI 1 man dab-QYn Caem,
¨kumTI 2 manelak Ehm-savag nigelak sarU Caem, ¨kumTI 3 maneQµaHEdlxÆ¬MePÂceQµaH
¨kumenHVnmkenAnwgsÃayeck.
cMnYnT&BkaleNaH mYy¨kum@ man 35 É 40 É 50 nak'. meF´aVyciJÍwmkgT&B Ca
Par:enAelIem¨kumEdlkaleNaHeKe¨bIkUnecArbs'eK [edér«rGgðasGgûr¨tIsac'Caesº¿g
GMBI¨bCaraås¶. edaytMbn'enaHCatMbn'BMusUvman¨bCaCne¨cIn kar«rGgðas¨bEm¨bmUlesº¿g
s¨mab'ciJÍwmCév^tenaH VnedaytictYcs¶çces¶IgNas'.
cMENkxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l manmYy¨kumep§g mancMnYnticK~aeT VnhYseTAenAVgkkEt
m¶g CamYymaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN ehA ¨tLac EdlKat'manpæHmYyeTotenA¨kugVgkk napÂèv¨ckEsg
cnæ tMbn'¨BHx~èg. VnCamaxÆ¬MnigxÆ¬MnSK~aecalVt'd÷bgnigGnÂg'v^l BIe¨JHkaleNaHKWCaeBl
EdlraCkarVrSg-Exµr VnTarykEx¨tVt'd÷bgBIesomVnmkv^jehIy ehIykan'kab'Ex¨t
enH EdleFÃI[BYkxÆ¬MBMuGacsÄitenAekIt.
¨tg'eNH xÆ¬MsUmebIkvg'¨kck C¨mabGs'elakG~kbMVt'karsg§&ybn¶icfa ehtuGÃIVn
CaxÆ¬MBuM¨BmcUlmkrYbrYmnigrd½aPiVlVrSg-Exµrv^j ebIEx¨tVt'd÷bg¨tèvVnmkExµrv^jehIy
enaH? ebIxÆ¬M¨sLaj'Cati kaleXIj¨sukeTsVnTamTarEx¨tBIG~kEkºrxagVnehIy KYrEt
sbºaycit¶ ehIycUlmkrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVlv^j. enHmindUec~aH EbrCaeVlcUleTA¨sukEdl

28
Cas¨tèvrbs'CatieTAv^jqû¬y! etIxÆ¬Mminsbºaycit¶nwgext¶Vt'd÷bg¨tèvVnmkExµrÉ? ebIminEmn
eT etIxÆ¬MenAEtsíb'VrSgEdlK~axMTamTarVt'd÷bg[Exµrv^jÉ?
¨tg'eNH xÆ¬MsUmC¨mab[cºas'las'dUcteTA:
TI 1- Exµr²s§r: VnciJÍwmcit¶KiteXIjfa ¨beTsExµrTSgmUlBuMTan'VnäkraC´enA
eLIyeT ¨tèvEttsUßrMedaH¨sukTSgmUl[putBInwmVrSgEss, äerOgext¶Vt'd÷bgenaH k*Cakmµ
vtÄ¬«nkarTamTarrbs'Exµr²s§r:Edr KWfa Exµr²s§r:tSgcit¶fa nwgTamTarEx¨tenHBIesomEdr
enA«f©NamYy. ²LèvebIraCkarVrSg-ExµrTamTarEx¨tenHVnmkmun k*BYk²s§r:CYyGrEdr
bu"En¶minsUvsbºaycit¶¨tg'EdlfaEx¨tenH vaeTAenAk~¬g«dVrSgdEdl vaBuMenAelI«dExµresaH.
TI 2- erOgpæal'xÂçn, rUbxÆ¬MBuMGaccUl¨sukExµrekIteT tºitxÆ¬MecjBIKukekaH¨tLacenaH min
Tan'dl'q~SecjäNa? xÆ¬MecjBIKukenaH mYyq~Smunsal¨kmse¨mc[ecj. dUec~HxÆ¬MenAC÷Jk'
KukekaH¨tLac 1 q~SeTotäeNaH. G~kdak'KukxÆ¬MKWVrSg G~kedaHxÆ¬MKWCbu"n
(1)
. ²LèvBYkVrSg
cab'TSgelak sWug-gu"kfaj' Caembk§rbs'xÆ¬MeTAehIy ebIxÆ¬McUleTA¨sukv^j etIVrSgva¨bNI
xÆ¬MÉ? ¨VkdNas' vamuxCabJØènxÆ¬M[eTAekaH¨tLacCafµé Ék*y"agNay"agNIeTotminxan.
TI 3- Exµr²s§r: kMBugmanlTìPaB nwgB¨gék²TìiBl BIe¨JHeBlenaHclnatsUßrMedaH
¨sukrbs'yYn k*VnpuspuleLIgEdr EdleyIgehAfa ¨kumeyokmijenAkalenH. ExµrtsUß
ehAExµr²s§r: k*VnmanTMnak'TMngCamYyBYkenaHbn¶ic@ Edr ehIyCaehtunS[mankmÂSgnig
esck¶IsgôwmfaQ~HVrSgeTAGnaKt.
enHCacemÂIyrbs'xÆ¬M edaHcMeJHGafá¨bs~adUcEdlVnecaTmkehIy.
BYkxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l EdlenA¨kugVgkk manPar:TijGavuFyuTìP&NëmkEck¨kum²s§r:
enAdgErk nigenAsÃayeck. ¨Vk'kasTijenH KWVnmkBIBYk¨kumTSgbIenaH EdleKVn«r
GgðasBIG~k¨sukEdlsµ&¨Kcit¶. ¨kumTSgbIenH CYnkaleKrkpÂèvTijGavuFenHedayxÂçneKEdr
tamext¶Vt'd÷bg nigsurinæ. kSePÂIgkaleNaHmankar"abßén mI«¨teyI nig¨Kab'Ebk. bu"En¶karTij
GavuFeBlenaH Vnedays¶çces¶IgNas' eday«rGgðas¨Vk'kasBuMsUvVn.
cMeJHGavuFEdlTijVn nSykmkEck¨tg'GarJïnigsurinæ edayrfyn¶FMrt'Q~çl
(Edlsµ&¨KCYyd·kTeT²tykQ~çl). äcMENkxagsurinæ d·knSedayrfePÂIgedaylYclak'.
maneBlxÂHdak'k~¬gkarugGgûr, mUrkb'k~¬grmUrkenæl .l. tamreTHePÂIgenHminsUve¨KaHf~ak'eT
bu"En¶cMeJHpÂèvGarJïv^jBiVkNas' edayesom¨by&t~ min[nSkSePÂIgecj.
sUmC¨mabfa KMniteK KWenAEtKMnitmin¨tg'nwgeyIgdEdl BImunfaCYy e¨kaymkeXIj
eyIgEbblUtlas'xagbd^vt¶n_ k*tSg¨by&t~¨bEygcMeJHeyIgeTAv^j. G~krksuIlk'GavuF[
eyIgenaHk*dUec~aHEdr eKesµaHnwgraCkareK Cag¨sLaj'¨Vk'kasrbs'eyIgeTAeTot CYnkal
eKlk'GavuF[eyIgVne¨cInehIy ehIyd·gfaeyIglµmd·kecjenA«f©NaenaH eKx§¬c[
karN_eTAG~kraCkareKe¨sc luHeyIgd·kGavuFecj t¨mçteKk*mkcab'Xat'Ék*qaeqArMxaneyIg
(1) sUmemt¶aemIlerOgKukneyaVy.

29
eday¨bkarep§geTA. enHCaKMniteKedérelIeyIg. eyIgd·g. ehtuenHeTIbeyIgecHEt¨by&t~
ehIye¨bIÓVybEgÃgdan Ék*niyaybgÅ¬seBlevlaEdl¨tèvnSecj¨Vb'eTABYkenaHv^j eTIb
Vn¨sçlk~¬gkarrt'GavuFykmk[K~aägäeNH. m´a"geToteyIgsuMcºab'TijGavuFBIGaCÆaFrpg
k*Kg'mankarP&yPitk~¬gkard·knSecjEdr. xÆ¬MmanerOgmYyC¨mabfa: «f©mYyevlaem"ag 4 l©ac
¨kumxÆ¬Mman 8 nak' VnTijGavuF¨Kb'FunenAVgkkdak'elIrfyn¶¨bugnSecjmkGarJï. eBl
enaH ¨sab'EteXIjkgGavuFhtÄesom¨bEhl 100 nak' ¨bkbedayGavuF¨Kb'«dsæ¬H¨smk
eLamB&TìLanEdlerobecjenaH. embJØakareKE¨skmkfa: enA[es©¿m! elIk«deLIgelI, kuM
ke¨mIk! Etke¨mIk, Vj'! eBlenaHmaxÆ¬MBuMenApg xÆ¬MP&yy"agxÂSg yIya"gNaeTAGIuecH? xÆ¬Mk*[K~a
xÆ¬MenAes©¿m! e¨kaymk eKbJØa[eyIgerIGavuFyuTìP&NëcuHmkdév^j [eKkt'cMnYn. eqÂ¿teBl
enaH xÆ¬Me¨bIkµçyxÆ¬Mm~ak'[rt'eTAtamma b"uk-KuN edémºImks¨mçlkarN_enH. enAcenÂaHeBlenaH
manExµrm~ak'eQµaH Gacar´ehg ecHesome¨CA¨CH eTAniyaykarN_nignayGavuFhtÄesom
bJØak'fa GavuFTSgenH KWraCkar«fGnuJïat[v^jEdrehIy. nayGavuFhtÄenaH d·gdUec~aHrkqa
eqAminekIt k*[K~IK~aeKfyeTAv^j bu"En¶eKTuk[TahanBIrnak'enAyamGavuFenaHsin.
luHEsíkeLIgema"g 11 eTIbmaxÆ¬M bu"k-KuN mk¨Vb'fa: [ykecjeTAcuHeKGnuJïat
ehIy! eTIbeyIgnSK~anSGavuFenaHecjmk. mkdl'GarJïem"ag 4 PÂW. s¨makcS¨Bwk luHem"ag
8 ecjBIGarJïmkeTot tampÂèvsirIesaP&N. em"ag 12 «f©¨tg'eTIbdl'kMBg'fûèv. TSgGs'K~a
Qb's¨makenAvt¶mYyeQµaHvt¶V¨t. KWvt¶enaHehIy CaTI¨bCu÷hat'«n¨kumExµr²s§r:nigCaTI
bJØakar cat'bJØènesº¿gnigGavuFyuTìP&NëeTA[BYkäeTotTSgbI¨kum.
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30
karVk'EbkK~a«nBYk²s§r:
BYk²s§r:¨kumnimYy@ suTìEtmanKMnitcg'lºIeQµaHEtm~ak'äg. BYkem@ suTìEtcg'Vn
FM KµanniymK~aeTAv^jeTAmkeT. ¨kumnimYy@ hak'dUcCaenAdac'edayELkBIK~a KµanTak'TgK~a
esaH. minEtbu"eNöaH edaycg'maneQµaHEtägeBk ¨kumxÂHVnB´ayambMVt'¨kumäeTot[
sabsUn´eTApg. eQµaHdab-QYnmanC&yC÷nHelIeKk~¬gerOgenH. dab-QYnVnlºgehAem
¨kumäeTot [eTAkan'kEnÂgmYyenAx~gP~MdgErkEdlKat'VnNat'Tuk ehIyEdleKäeTotBuMFÂab'
d·gknÂ¬kkenÂ¿t Kat'Vncat'karsmÂab'em¨kumäeToty"ags©at'. eQµaHelak Ehm-savag
nigelak sarU EdlFÂab'lºIeQµaHeVHsemÂgk~¬gevlaenaH k*¨tèvcaj'kledaydab-QYn
beJÏatnSykmksmÂab'Edr. klenaHdUcem¶c? KWdab-QYneFÃICaesck¶IGeJØIjehA Ehm-
savag nig sarU [mk¨bCu÷C÷nuMkar. Ehm-savag nig sarU Tukcit¶ k*eFÃId÷eNIrmkedaymind·g
xÂçn. dab-QYn[K~aKat'sæak'enAkN¶alpÂèv«¨BCae¨sc. G~kTSgBIrmkdl' k*¨tèveKlbVj'
ecaleTA. bk§BYkkUnecAeQµaH Ehm-savag nig sarU Kµanemekayk*rlayeTA ehIyxÂHEbr
CacUlnwgdab-QYn xÂHeTotEbrCacUlnwg¨kumd«TEdlminTan'rlay.
mkdl'¨twmeNH xÆ¬MEdlCaG~kbegûétnigCaG~kmanKMnitb¨gçbb¨gçmenaH k*Gs'kmÂSg
Gs'smtÄPaB¨twmeNH rYck*tSgEbrCamk¨by&t~Gatµaägv^j xÂacBYkTSgenaHeFÃIÓbXattam
v^FIenHenaH EdlxÆ¬MBuMGacnwgd·gVn. tSgBIVt' Ehm-savag nig sarU mk, dab-QYn Elg
Tak'TgnwgxÆ¬M cg'smÂab'xÆ¬MeTAeTot. xÆ¬Mk*BuMmantUccit¶GÃIcMeJHKat'Edr bu"En¶xÆ¬MmkenAnwks¶aycMeJH
GMeBIeXaeXArbs'Kat' EdlminKYrCanwg¨b¨Bwt¶eTAelI¨kumäeTot nS[rlayGs'enaHesaH.
dab-QYn minnwkeXIjfa dl'GatµaGjsmÂab'mit¶rbs'GatµaGjGs'eTAenaH etInwgnS[Gatµa
GjmankmÂSgxÂSgeLIgVneT? enHehIycritExµr! KitGÃIcg'EtFMminKit[VnEvgq©ay. VnFM
ehIy etId÷eNIrkarteTAVn¨sçleT. kuMtSgcit¶cg'EtFM, kuMtSgcit¶¨kumGjFM xÂçnGjFMeTIb

31
eFÃIkarekItenaH min¨besIreT. ebIecHENnSK~a[rYbrYmK~a kicÍkarGacedéreTAVn¨sçlCaCagEbk
Vk'K~a. enHKWKMnitxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l.
bu"En¶ dab-QYn CaCne¨skQam CaCncg'FMbu"nes¶c Kat'KµanKitBIGÃIesaHeLIy sUmºI
mit¶smÂaj'Kat' k*Kat'smÂab'ecalEdr. KitemIlelakekA-tk' Caem²s§r:maneQµaHlºIrbs'
elak sWg-gu"kfaj' ¨bmuxclnaExµresrI ehIyCamit¶cit¶mYynwg dab-QYn pg k*¨tèv dab-
QYn cat'kar[Vj'smÂab'ecaleTAEdr (enA«f© 11 kum¸: 1955 enABYkext¶esomrab).
xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkerOgeQµaH ekA-tk' enHbn¶ic e¨JHeQµaHenHCaG~kbd^vt¶n_tsUß enAk~¬g¨bvti¶
tsUßKYrsresIrm~ak'Edr.
elak ekA-tk' Caem²s§r:ExµresrId*sMxan'enAtMbn'esomrab. Kat'CaG~k¨bqSgnwgBYk
GaNaniKmniymy"aglºIlºaj. enAq~S 1954 k~¬geBlEdlsn~isITh§·ENvt¨mèv[Exµr
¨Kb'nin~akarTSgGs'enAk~¬g«¨BTmÂak'GavuFrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVl, eBlEdlelak sWg-gu"kfaj'
dak'GavuFEdr tamesck¶Ise¨mcenaH, elak ekA-tk' k*Vndak'GavuFcuH suxcit¶rYbrYmnwgrd½a
PiVl. eBlCamYyenaH eQµaH cnæ-sUr"at Caem²s§r:xÂSgBUEkdUcK~a k*Vndak'GavuFrYbrYmEdr
¨BmTSgGs'elakG~ktsUßenAk~¬g«¨Be¨cInK~aeTot k*VnmkrYbrYmnwgrd½aPiVlEdr.
äelak ekA-tk' eBlEdlKat'mkrYbrYmk~¬gsgðmCativ^jenH KµanGÃInwg¨bkbrbrciJÍwm
Cév^t k*es~IsuMxÍI¨Vk'rbs' dab-QYn CaedémTunxÂH nwg¨bkbrbr e¨JHGagfadab-QYnCamit¶
cit¶mYy. dab-QYnk*p¶Sfa [cUlmkykluycuH Kat'Tuk[enAm¶¬MBYk eTIbKat'cat'K~aCae¨sc
[cScab' ekA-tk'. elak ekA-tk' minVnd·gxÂçnk*mk mkdl'¨bEhl 10 Kùmù nwgdl'¨suk
BYk k*¨sab'Et¨tèvBYkdab-QYnsæ¬HeTA{bmYyrMeBc. yl'facaj'kldab-QYn elak ekA-
tk' k*bMrHelatTat'Fak' xSkekrBYkG~kcgy"ageBjTMhwg. ¨bsinebImanEtkSePÂIgxÂImYyÉman
kSbites~¿t ¨bEhlCaeFÃIGÃIKat'BuMVneT EtKat'KµanykGavuFGÃImkkMdrxÂçnesaH edayGagEtfa
dab-QYnCamit¶ mind·gCamit¶smÂab'mit¶GI k*¨tèvBYktµatrbs'dab-QYnGUsTajKat'ykeTA
Vj'ecaleTA! KYrQWcab'. eBll©aceTIb¨Kçsarrbs'elak ekA-tk' mklbyksaksB
elak ekA-tk' ykeTAbJÍ¬HenAvt¶P~MV¨t kMBg'fûèv. sUmC÷rabfa elak ekA-tk' mankUn¨sIEt
mYyKt' EdlsBÃ«f©enH ¨tèvVnCaPriyaelak hg§-Funhak'.
enHägehIyEdls[eXIjfadab-QYncg'FMEtm~ak'äg Tukmit¶Pk¶i[enAeTIsmuxmat'
xÂacmit¶Pk¶ienaHVnFMpg nS[xÂçnFMEtägminekIt. erOgenHVnBtámancºas'las'fa mkBIxÂac
ekA-tk' Vnyssk¶ixõg'xõs'eTA«f©mux eTIb¨tèvEtsmÂab' ekA-tk' ecal. sm&yenaHnrNa
minlºIeQµaHfa ekA-tk' Camnus§sMxan'?
²LèvxÆ¬MsUm¨tLb'mkniyayerOgxÆ¬MteTAeTotÐ
e¨kaymkeTotedayyl'fa eyIgGt'GMNacnwg¨Kb'¨Kg²s§r:ehIyenaH maxÆ¬MnigxÆ¬Mk*
¨bkassuMlaElgBI¨kum²s§r:eTA. karlaElgenH BYkem²s§r:äeTotenaH eKminmat'eT
e¨JHeKrwg«drwgeCég Gacrs'enAedayxÂçneKVnehIy eKKµankarGInwgBwgJk'maxÆ¬M nigxÆ¬MdUcmun@

32
eT. ehIysmebIxÆ¬MecHEt¨bqSgnwgGMeBI«¨B«p§rbs'BYkeKpg etIeKcg'[xÆ¬MenACamYyBYkeK
Nas'eTAÉ? eKmincg'eT eKcg'Et[xÆ¬MfyecjeTAy"agh~wgäg.
¨tg'h~wgehIy EdlxÆ¬MVnC¨mabGs'elakG~kk~¬gesck¶Iep¶émfa skmµPaBBYkExµr
²s§r:eXIjfapæ¬yBIeKalbMNgrbs'eyIgG~kneyaVyrMedaHCati. skmµPaBBYkenaH KWCa
KuNv^bti¶y"agFMEdlp¶l'[xÆ¬MnUvkarxkcit¶y"agCUrct'drabsBÃ«f©. ehtuenaHehIy eTIbxÆ¬M
niyayriHKn'GÃI@ xÆ¬McUlcit¶niyayfa enHehIycritExµr.
dUcCasBÃ«f©enHeTot eyIg¾eBj¨tecok xagBYk«¨BeKfa ÇeKrMedaHÈ cUlmkdl'
¨sukNa dutsõandutpæHG~k¨sukh~¬gm"d½. xageyIgäeNHEdr edémºIkuM[BYk«¨Bdut k*manG~k«d
xUc@ enABIe¨kaykgT&B cSruHerIpæHG~k¨sukd·kKµansl'«drENg bgûg' epæagpÂan eqÂIydak'
Tahan. TahanG~kcºSgCab'xÂçn Cab'EP~kEtnwgxµSg maneBläNanwggakmklYcqk'ruHerId·k
CJØènenaH. ecarmÅagcUlmkdutbMpÂaj ecarmÅag¨svaevc etI[pæHExµrenAsl'GÃIeTA? sBÃ«f©enH
ExµrkMBugcaj'cmºSgy"agxÂSgBIe¨JHGÃI BIe¨JHebIBYk«¨BQ~Hk*gab'Exµr minEmngab'GaemrikSgeT
ebIBYk¨sukQ~Hk*gab'Exµr minEmngab'yYnhaNUyeT.
bu"En¶BYkem@ xagelImanKitGÃIerOgenH. BYkem@ xagrMedaHk¶I BYkem@ xagecar¨sukk¶I
suTìEtsU¨t¨Tws¶I¨sLaj'CatiTSgGs' KµannrNayl'faeFÃIenH KWbMpÂajCati[raås¶rgevTna
eT minKitemIlVk'sõane¨CaycgÃakëèg es¶csIhnuE¨skbnærmkfa: eFÃIh~wg¨tèvehIy! enHVn
cM! äBYk²s§r:kaleNaHk*rebobh~wgEdr! critExµrmanEtmYyGIucwg!
R R
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33
xÆ¬McUlmkk~¬g¨beTsv^j
enAeBlEdlfyxÂçnBI²s§r: xÆ¬Mk*VnenAnwg¨kugVgkkteTAeTot. bu"En¶eday¨kugVg
kkKµanrbrGÃInwg¨bkb enAq~S 1948 xÆ¬Mk*VnmkenAGarJï. munnwgniyayBId÷eNIrcUleTA¨suk
v^j xÆ¬MsuMrMlwkerOgmYy Edls[eXIjcit¶minesµaHrbs'esomcMeJHeyIg. kaleNaHmanem
eQµaH epAplit GP&yvg§ CaecAelak kfafn (kTaFr) (G~kVt'd÷bgehAfaelakmÍas'@)
manExµrm~ak'eQµaH QYn EdrCaemrg. eQµaH QYn Vnlbcab'BYkExµr²s§r:enAe¨kam{vaT
elak ta¨tLac maxÆ¬MBIrnak'eQµaH¨Kè rs-yWn mUy, eQµaH mIu-PUrinæ mYy. ¨Kè rs-yWn nig
muI-PUrinæ
(1)
Camnus§sMxan'Nas' k~¬gcMeNamExµr²s§r:äeTot. BYkeQµaH QYn enaHnS¨Kè
rs-yWn nig muI-PUrinæ eTAsmÂab'enAnwgXuMtabB´"aTSgBIrnak'. VnbI«f©eTAbYn«f© eTIbVnd÷Nwg
enHeTAdl'maxÆ¬MäVgkk eTIbmaxÆ¬Mb¶wgt¨mçtenAVgkk. emt¨mçtVnGnuJïat[xÆ¬Mnigmit¶Pk¶ibI
nak'eTot eTArkkEnÂgkb'exµacG~kTSgBIrtamkarnSpÂèv«n²s§r:m~ak'. xÆ¬MVnykTSg¨bdab'ft
rUbeTApg Tukftexµac. p~èrG~kTSgBIrenAXÂatBIK~a¨bEhl 5 Em"¨t. xÆ¬MsuMGnuJïatKas'kayp~èr
mit¶emIl[cºas'. KµannrNaCYyKas'kayeT xÆ¬MkayKas'edayxÂçnägp~èrelak¨Kè rs-yWn.
exµac 5-6 «f©ehImrsaykiÂnGesac_^eBjbnæ¬k dgûèvbu"n@ kUn«d xÆ¬Mk*tSgftykPinPaKVnsBÃ
¨Kb' rYcxÆ¬MsuMKas'p~èrelak PUrinæ eTot ¨sab'Ett¨mçt«fenaHniyayfa: VnehIy! Kas'EtmYy
dUcCaKas'TSgGs'Edr minVc'Kas'mYyeTotenaHnSEtht'Gs'kmÂSgeT! xÆ¬Mniyayfa: mnus§
exµacmanBIr ¨tèvEtmansMNuMerOgBIrEdr ftEtmYyxÃHmYyVnGÃIbMeBjsMNuMerOg! [xÆ¬MsuMGnu-
(1)- elakPUrinæ ¨tèvCabg«fÂrbs'elak Nub-quM.

34
JïatKas'mYyeTotcuH! t¨mçtenaHk*niyaydac'xatfa: manbJØaBIemmkfa[¨Kan'EtnSK~amk
emIlbu"eNöaH KµanGnuJïat[ft[GIeT! bu"En¶²LèvebIftmYyk*fteTAcuH! rYct¨mçtenaHniyay
fa: ²LèvenH[xÆ¬MsuM¨bdab'ftrUbnighÃIlm_k~¬genHykeTAp¶^tmkCUnelak! rYcbgÅ÷edaHhÃIlm_enaH
eTA. eKb÷Vt'erOgenaHrhUteTA. xÆ¬Mk*cab'yl'fa {! GaenHelgElºgfõ^nEP~keTetI vaj¬Hjg'[
ExµrnigExµrsmÂab'K~a vaeFÃICaCYyQWqíal! hWu !
enAnwgGarJïxÆ¬MrkrbrTTYlTanlk'kMNat'sMBt' enAGUre¨CA«¨Bòs§I. rbrenHminsUvCa
ce¨mInbu"nµaneT enA¨Kan'EtrkpÂèvcUlmk¨beTskmõ¬Cav^jbu"eNöaH e¨JHeBlenaHrd½aPiVlExµr
cab'ep¶émGMJvnav[BYk²s§r:cuHcUlehIy. äxÆ¬MVnCaBiVkcUl e¨JHdUcGs'elakG~k¨Cab
¨sab' xÆ¬MenAC÷Jk'Tak'TinnwgerOgneyaVyFM@ ¨BmTSgCaG~keTasekaH¨tLacecjBIekaHmunkM
Nt'sal¨kmpg cUlmk²tebIKit xÂacmin¨sçl. eTIbxÆ¬Mcat'[¨KçsarenAP~MeBjedérTak'Tg
nwgraCkarsmtÄkicÍ rhUtCYbnwgelak Résident Supérieur pg [s¨mçlkarenH. luHVn¨sçl
ehIy enA«f©TI 29 kkûda 1949 xÆ¬Mk*VncUlmk¨beTsExµrv^j.
GkuslxÆ¬M! «f©EdlxÆ¬McUlmkdl'¨suk k*Ca«f©EdlelakÒBukCaTIeKarBrbs'xÆ¬M EdlxÆ¬M
BuMTan'Vntbs~gsgKuNelakesaH elakVnTTYlmrNPaBk~¬g«f©enaHeTAedayeraKaJFi.
xÆ¬MnwkexÂaccit¶GaNitxÂçneBkNas' Edlrvl'Etedérecal¨suk ecal¨Kçsar rhUtdl'elak
ÒBukVt'bg'Cév^t edayKµanVnCYyEfTSKk'¨cVc' bMerITwkek¶ATwk¨tCak'elakesaH. EtenHeFÃI
em"cebIeyIgykCévPaBneyaVyy"agh~wgeTAehIy. G~kneyaVy KWsuTìEtCamnus§ecal
¨suk ecalÒBukm¶ay ¨bBnìkUn Camnus§Kuk¨cvak' Camnus§ElgKit tamEtnrNad·kykeTA
qÂak'äNak*d·keTA. dUcCaxÆ¬MEdlGEN¶tebÂgeVÂg ecalEm"ecalÒ Cab'Kuk¨cvak' ecal¨suk
mYyelIkCaBIrelIk luHcUlmk¨sukv^j ÒBukk*sÂab'eTAeTot KWG~kneyaVyvaGP&BÃmYycb'
y"agh~wg. xÆM¬VnsMKal'k~¬gcit¶xÆ¬MdUec~aHäg.
karksagCévPaBfµé
mkdl'P~MeBj xÆ¬MEdlsl'¨Vk'kasbn¶icbn¶çc VncUlhußnCamYybgbíèn begûét[man
rfyn¶¨kugcMnYnbIe¨KOg rt'bN¶ak'K~aBIp§arfµéeTAtampÂèvmat'TenÂ rYcbt'eTAlicdl'pÂèvmunIvg§
eTIbbt'mkp§arfµév^j. KWCakarbegûétmund÷bUgbMputenA¨kugP~MeBj edayxÆ¬MFÂab'eXIjenAVgkk
G~kd÷eNIrC^Hrfyn¶¨kugEbbenHe¨cInNas'. cMeJH«fÂC^H xÆ¬MVnykBIG~kC^Hm~ak'@ 5 kak'.
sm&yenaHeKVnsðal'e¨cInK~a ehIyniymehArfyn¶xÆ¬Mfa ÇLan5kak'@È ¨Kb'K~a. bu"En¶rbr
enHBuMVnplbu"nµaneT edayLanmanEt 3 bN¶ak'K~aq©ay@ eBk minCab'@ K~adUcenAVgkk,
G~kC^HeKxØilcS eKEtgC^HsIukÂè C^Hkg'GÃI@ eTA minsUvmanG~kC^He¨cIn. yUr@ eTAkan'Etex§ay@
eTA CaehtunS[xatbg'esahußyCalMdab'. rbr ÇLan5kak'È k*¨tèvcb'eTAe¨kayeBlEdl
lk'LanTSgbIenaHeTAv^j.

35
bnæab'BIrbrsßysßavenH xÆ¬MEbkKMnitKitrksuICaG~kedérftrUbv^jm¶g e¨JHkaleNaH
raCkarbegûét[manGt¶sJïaNb&NömanbiTrUbftCasMKal' cMeJH¨bCaCnTUeTA. xÆ¬MxÍIrfyn¶
h§IbmYyrbs'bgbußNöcnæ-fat'enATenÂbiT ebIkbrftrUb[eKenA¨Kb'¨cklúk tSgBIext¶kMBg'
cam-kN¶al- Vt'd÷bg nigesomrab. ext¶TSgBIrxage¨kay (KWVt'd÷bgnigesomrab) enHxÆuM¬
¨tèvekItmanerOgFM@ EdlxÆ¬MKYrykmkC÷rabEdr.
ext¶Vt'd÷bg xÆ¬McUleTA¨bkbrbrftrUbenHCamYybíèn¨buseBAxÆ¬MeQµaH bußNöcnæ-faNa
rit minVnyUrbu"nµan ¨sab'Etmanem²s§r:EdleTIbekItfµém~ak'eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB Vn
¨Vb'kUnecA«deCégeKfa ebIeXIjeQµaHxÆ¬MÉk*bíèn¨busxÆ¬McUleTAk~¬gtMbn'eK ¨tèv[kab'smÂab'
ecalkuM¨bNI. bíènxÆ¬MVnd·gd÷NwgenH rt'mk¨Vb'xÆ¬M. xÆ¬Mnwkq©l'e¨JHmind·gCaeQµaH hußlvg§
GanuPaB enaHsíb'xÆ¬MBIerOgGI. Kit@ eTAyl'fa¨bEhlCaelakenaHsíb'xÆ¬Me¨JHxÆ¬MFÂab'eFÃICaem
²s§r: ehIyBYk²s§r:knxÆ¬MenaHlºIeQµaHsemºIm kaleTAvay¨kugesomrabenaHk*mind·g. BI
e¨JH sUm¨Cabfa sm&yenaH¨kumxÆ¬MekItmuneKbgís'k~¬g¨sukExµr. kMeNItenaHehIyEdlGac
sayPay nS[ekItExµr²s§r:t@ mkeTote¨Jg¨Jt. TSgBYkFÂab'eFÃIecar k*mantSgxÂçnCa
²s§r:Edr Edlsm&yenaHG~k¨suk[eQµaHKnÂas'fa ÇGuiser"acak', ²s§r:ecarÈ KWBYkenH
ehIyEdlbÂn'Lan bÂn'kV"l' cab'mnus§bgðab'yk¨Vk' .l. kkUr¨suk[ekItclacl G~k
¨sukPitP&y¨Cçl¨cbl'¨Kb'kEnÂg. G~kxÂHBIedémeKehAGacar´ luHeLIgeCarsíb'FmáesovePA k*
eqÂ¿tcUl²s§r:ecar KitEtBIedérdutbMpÂajKmõérdékak~¬gvt¶Gs' manem²s§r:eQµaHGacar´ yI Ca
edém G~kTenÂFMsðal'ehIy. ²s§r:duHdUcp§it Etmind·gCamanÓt¶mKti¨tg'NaeT Edlbgúaj
[eXIjfaes~haCatienaH ebImansuTìEtBYkbÂn' BYkdutKmõérdékaecal edaysíb'FmáesovePA
ecaTBYkFmáesovePAfaFmáfµéy"agenH. BYkenaHKµanKitBIrMedaH¨sukeTsGÃIeT. Gs'elakekµg@
¨skre¨kayEdlekItminTan'erOgclacl bgûeLIgedayBYkGiuser"acak'enHeT, emIldl'¨tg'
eNHsUm¨bjab'gakeTAsYrbJØak'cas'@ EdlenAEkºr@ xÂçnenHemIlebImineC¯. G~kenAP~MeBj
enH xÂHk*VnmkenAedaysarBYkenaHGukL¬kxÂSgnasm&yenaHEdr sUmesIubemIlcuHebImineC¯.
cMENkem²s§r:eQµaH hußlvg§GanuPaB EdlcSbMVt'rUbxÆ¬MenaH ¨bEhlCamkBIE¨kg
xÂçnxÆ¬McUleTAtMbn'Kat' xÂçnKat'mankarGab'muxGab'mat'k*mind·g e¨JHxÆ¬MCaem²s§r:tSgBId÷bUgTI
ehIyFÂab'lºIk~¬gerOgvayVrSgenA¨kugesomrabenaH.
Ety"agNak*eday xÆ¬MFÂab'sðal'critExµrxÂHEdr ehIyxØilcg'Q~Hcg'caj' suxcit¶Qb'
cUleTAk~¬gtMbn'enaHeTA.
bnæab'BIenaH xÆ¬McUleTAkan'esomrab. KWTIenHehIy EdlnS[xÆ¬MeXIj dab-QYn sg
KuNxÆ¬MrebobNaenaH. ¨tg'eNHehIyEdlxÆ¬MsresrBIxagedémenaHfa: [Gs'elakcSemIl
dab-QYny"agNaCamYyxÆ¬MenaH.
sUmrMlwkeLIgv^jfa dab-QYnVncuHcUlnwgsem¶csIhnu enA«f©TI 1 tula 1949
ehIysem¶csIhnuVntemûIg dab-QYn CaemT&B¨tçt¨taext¶esomrab nigkMBg'FM.

36
xÆ¬McUleTArksIuenAext¶esomrab VncUleTAC÷rabsuMelakdab-QYntampÂèvkar tºiteK
Ca¨bFanenAext¶enaH. dab-QYn VnTTYledayrIkray niyayfaminGIeT GeJØIjrksIutam
s¨mçlcuH xÆ¬Mnwg[eKCYyemIlpg kuM¨BYy.
xÆ¬MnwkGrKuNdab-QYnsnìwk. bu"En¶xÆ¬MkMBug¨bkbrbrenHminTan'Vnbu"nµanpg ¨sab'Et
es¶c¨taj'enH rkerOgedaypÂèvsm©at' [eKcab'xÆ¬MykeTAsmÂab'Etm¶g. xÆ¬Md·gBtámanenHeday
sarsk¶ibIm~ak'enAk~¬gkgT&Bdab-QYnEdl¨sLaj'xÆ¬MesµaH e¨JHeKBIedémeKCakUnecArbs'xÆ¬M
Edr eKVn¨Vb'xÆ¬Mfa [¨bjab'fyeTA tºitdab-QYnkMBugcat'kar[eKlbcab'xÆ¬MehIy. xÆ¬Mnwk
hYscit¶Etm¶g erOgenHminxusBIerOge¨BgExµrEdlniyayBIerOg²sICbqµa[eTACaxÂaenaHeT.
erOgenaHEcgfa: ta²sIciJÍwmqµamYy eday¨sLaj'qµaenaH k*Cbva[kÂayeTACaxÂa. xÂaenHKit
eXIjfa GtItkalrbs'GjCaqµa elakta²sICbGj teTAebIeKd·gfaGjmanedémkMeNItCa
qµa Gjmin¨besIreT. edémºIkuM[eKd·gfaGjBIedémCaqµa Gj¨tèvEtsmÂab'²sIenaHecal e¨JH
ebITukKat'[enA smKat'niyayerOgedémkMeNItGj nS[GjefakTab. KitehIyk*¨bug¨b
har²sI Et²sId·gTan'k*eFÃI[xÂaenaHkÂayeTACaqµav^jeTA. dab-QYn¨bEhlCacg'bMVt'GtIt
kalrbs'Kat'CamYyxÆ¬M eTIb¨tèvEtkMcat'xÆ¬MenaHäg. Ék*mkBI¨KaenaHxÆ¬MBuMVn[k«¨mGÃIesaHdl'
rUbKat'k*mind·g VnCaKat'cgGaXatB´aVTdl'f~ak'enH e¨JHsm&yenaHKat'¨tèvkarsYysar
Gakrsnìwksnìab'Nas' efAEkcin¨Bin¨Kb'@ K~a¨tèvEtEsne¨BnKat'Kµansl'kºalmYy.
xÆ¬MminGacenAVnk*nSK~IK~acakecjBIext¶esomrab¨bjab'¨bjal'. enHehIyerOgxÆ¬MCa
mYyelakdab-QYn Edle¨kaymkeKsðal'eQµaHfa dab-QYnmØ¬leB¨C enaH.
xÆ¬MmkenAP~MeBjv^j ehIyKitfarkrbrNa[Vn¨sçl kuM[c¨mègc¨masdUcenHeTot.
ehIyerOg ÇneyaVyÈ xÆ¬MBuMePÂceT dUceKej¿nnwgGaePondUec~aHEdr. xÆ¬MVncUlbe¨mIKNbk§
neyaVyenAedémq~S 1950 rhUt 1951 EdlxÆ¬MnwgsresrC¨mabteTAeTotenAC÷BUkxag
e¨kay. xÆ¬MsUmbJØak'enATIenH[ehIyfa tSgBIenA«¨BrhUtcUl¨sukv^j xÆ¬MVnsMKal'eXIjfa
BYkenA¨sukKMnitemniym p¶ac'karniym kab'smÂab'K~a mandUcK~a dUcCaBYkenAk~¬g«¨BEdr dEdl
CadEdl. enHehIycritExµr!
R R
R

37
xÆ¬McUlKNbk§¨bCaFibety´
k~¬geBlEdlxÆ¬MVncUlmk¨sukv^jenH ExµreyIgmanKNbk§neyaVy tamlkÅN:
¨bCaFibety´EdrehIy tamrd½FmµnuJïEdl¨Tg'sIusuvtiÄ yuti¶vg§ nig elak eGov-ekIs Vn
ksageLIg. q~SEdlxÆ¬McUlmkenaH KNbk§EdlxÆ¬MGacrMlwkVnenAeBlenaHKW:
- KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ rUbkºald÷rIkan'pûaQUkbICasJïalkÅN_, d·knSeday
elak eGov-ekIs
- KNbk§esrIPaB rUb¨VsaTkMBUlbICasJïalkÅN_, d·knSeday¨Tg' nerat¶m
nrinæedt
- KNbk§exmrbu"n~kar rUbnagKgúég¨BHFrNICasJïalkÅN_ d·knSedayelak
ln'-nl'
- KNbk§tMekIg¨bCaCati rUbhnuman¨TEpnTI¨sukExµrCasJïalkÅN_d·knSeday
elakEy"m-sMbUr
- KNbk§cMerInCati rUb¨BçjTmÂ¬HkgbYn rbs'elak Ca C^nkuk
- KNbk§øsanmanC&y rUbTg'CatiBIrExÃgK~a¨Tmû¬d CasJïalkÅN_rbs'elak em"A
cy
- KNbk§rYbrYmCati
- KNbk§¨bCaCn rUbngð&lCasJïalkÅN_
- KNbk§ rUbsMbukXµ¬Mrbs'elak m"m suTì (minEmn m"m suTì Tutiymºi²LèvenHeT)
- KNbk§ rUbkeNë¿v
- KNbk§rUbkN¶ab'¨sèv- sM ej¿n Caem .

38
FmµtaG~kneyaVy Etgej¿nnwgerOgneyaVy y"agNamij rUbxÆ¬MEdlFÂab'Cab'Kuk
e¨JHerOgneyaVyk*enAEtcg'¨bLèkk~¬gElºgenHEdr.
xagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ manK~IK~axÆ¬MCae¨cInVncUlbMerI manelak V"c-QWn, Cu÷-
mYg CaedémEdlFÂab'EtrYmskmµPaBneyaVytSgBIq~S 1936 mkenaH. xÆ¬Mmkdl'PÂam elak
miuj-Na¨KI nigelak Cu÷-mYg VnmkCYbxÆ¬M ehAxÆ¬M[cUlKNbk§¨bCaFiety´. manxagKN
bk§äeTotEdr EdlmkTak'Tg EtxÆ¬MBuMVncUl xÆ¬MTTYlcUlxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl
manK~axÆ¬Me¨cIn¨sab'. xÆ¬Mk*VnCYbpæal'nigelak eGov-ekIs bMerIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´tmk.
sUmrMlwkfa nItikalTI 1 «nsPaCatiEdlebIksm&yBI«f© 21 Ex mkra 1948 sma
C^kPaKe¨cInCaKNbk§¨bCaFiety´ (kºald÷rI). sPaCatiEdlmankrNIykicÍkarJrrd½Fmµ-
nuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFiety´ EtgEt¨tèvrgGMeBIC^HCan'rbs'hÂçgsIhnuCanicÍ. rd½FmµnuJïEdl
Vn¨bkase¨bIBIq~S 1947 rhUtmkEtgrGak'rGYlCanicÍ bN¶almkBIes¶csIhnuEdlKµan
TsBiFraCFmáesaH ecHEtEkrd½FmµnuJï¨tLb'¨tLinkarJrEt¨beyaCn_nigzan:k§¨t.
ehIyd·gy"agNaeT? edayminsbºaycit¶nwgKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edlman¨bCa
¨biyPaBCagxÂçn ¨BmTSgeFÃIkarminsUv¨sbnwgbMNgxÂçnenaH, enA«f©TI 17 kJïa 1949 es¶c
sIhnuVn¨bkasrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 1 enaHeTA.
karenaHeFÃI[¨bCaCnExµr Vt'mat'Vt'kElghßankík¨KEhm¨twmeNaH xÂacsÂab'eday
sar¨BHkruNaCaGmÍas'Cév^telItºèg. ehIyeKd·gfa emIleTA¨Bwti¶karN_¨sukeTsmuxCamin
sUvE¨b¨bçl¨cbUk¨cbl'GÃIteTAeToteT. bu"En¶mans©b'äNa enA«f©esAr_ 14 mkra 1950
¨sab'Et¨Bwti¶karN_mYyekIteLIgdUcrnæH eFÃI[G~kP~MeBjPÆak'epíél rhUtdl'¨sukE¨scMkarniKm
CnbT KWd÷NwgmrNPaB«nelak eGov-ekIs GtIt¨bFansPaCati bcÍ¬bºn~GKðelxaFikar
KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ Edl¨tèvCnm~ak'eVH¨Kab'EbkeFÃIXatelak enATIs~ak'karKNbk§¨b
CaFibety´ elx 67 pÂèvÓkj"apÂ¬g C^tkac'¨C¬gv^fé 9 tulasBÃ«f©enH.
sUmC¨mabfa q~SEdlelak eGov-ekIs TTYlmrNPaBenaH elak Ey"m-sMbUr
Canaykrd½mån¶I, elak ecA-Esnkusl Card½mån¶I¨ksYgyuti¶Fmá, nigmanelak tan'-Kimtwk
CaemKij, elak esg-TiB Caemb"UlIsenAtMbn'p§arfµé EdlmannaTIemIleTAdl'pÂèvÓkj"apÂ¬g
enaHpg.
eKG~k¨kugP~MeBjTSgmUl kaleNaHswgEtyl'faelak eGov-ekIs sÂab'enHKWeday
Ke¨magÓbXatrbs'es¶csIhnuEtm¶g. e¨JH¨BHGgðnigBYkbrivarelak BuMEmncg'eXIjCév^t
elak eGov-ekIs rs'enAkarJrrd½FmµnuJï karJrlTiì¨bCaFiety´enaHkalNa.
¨KaEdlsmÂab'elak eGov-ekIs sÂab'ehIy eKEbrCaeTAcab'smaC^kKNbk§esrI-
PaBm~ak' eQµaH nUy"a enAbwg¨byabykmkvaysYrcemÂIy vaybgÅ÷[eqÂIyfaxÂçnBitCaXatkr
eFÃIXatelak eGov-ekIs. kaleNaHG~kP~MeBjx§wbex§¿vK~afa: ÇneyaVyenaHeqItNas'
Tat'mYyVnBIrEtm¶gÈ Vnesck¶IfaeKsmÂab'em¨bCaFiety´ehIy eKdEdlh~wgeFÃI[xag
KNbk§esrIPaBenaH Cab'erOgra"veTAEdr. G~kP~MeBjyl'fa erOgh~wgf·õnEP~ksuTìsaF e¨JH

39
xagKNbk§rge¨KaHKµannwkeXIjfaKNbk§esrIPaBCaKU¨bqSgmksgswkEbbenHpgeT. xÆ¬M
mkCYbehtukarN_d*semºImenH k*PÆak'xÂçndUceKkån¶ak' nwkfa {! neyaVyBYkk~¬g¨suk minxus
BIneyaVyBYkk~¬g«¨BEdlxÆ¬MFÂab'rs'enACamYyenaHbu"nµaneT. kab'smÂab'K~a²tGaNit dUcxÆ¬M
VnniyayTukmkehIy enHehIycritExµr! ebIrvl'Et¨bkab'¨bcak' bMVt'Cév^tK~ay"agenH man
eBläNanwgksag¨sukeTs? ksag¨beyaCn_rYmekIt? hWu Gkusl!
xÆ¬MEdleTIbEtVncUlk~¬gKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*dUcCaVnmkTTYlmrNsJïa nig
CYyEhsBelakGtIt¨bFan eGov-ekIs Etm¶g. sBelak eGov-ekIs ¨tèvVndEgúykeTA
tMkl'enAeKhd½anelak enApÂèvPatrPaB (GtItsIusuvtiÄ) mat'TenÂ pæHelx 233 xagtºègvt¶Ekv
¨BHePÂIg eFÃIbuN´TkÅiNanubºTanGs' 7 yb' 7 «f©. ehIyenA«f©TI 22 mkra 1950 sBrbs'
elak¨tèvdEgúCakºçny"agmehaLarik eqõaHeTAbUCaenAvt¶bTumvt¶I . kºçndEgúenaHK¨KwkKe¨Kg
(rUbft 1 : mQUssBäkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs Vn¨buge¨bobdEgúecj)
(minmanlTìPaBdak'CUn)
semºImNas' xÆ¬M¨tèvKN:kmµkarbuN´ cat'[nSmuxkºçnEdldEgúbt'EbntampÂèvCae¨cInna¨kug
P~MeBj KWecjBIeKhd½ansBpÂèvPatrPaB (GtItpÂèvsuIsuvtiÄ) ¨tg'eTAxagtºèg bt'eTAlic dl'
(rUbft 2 : kºçndEgúsB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs «f©TI 22 mkra q~S1950)
(rUbft 3 : BiFIbg§¬kUl enAmuxmnæIrsPaCatism&yenaH)
pÂèv 9 tulasBÃ«f© k*edértampÂèvenHmkxageCég mkdl'pÂèvsWnKuysBÃ«f© k*edértamenHrhUtdl'
mat'TenÂ pÂèvPatrPaBv^j. rYckºçnk*td÷eNIrsn§wm@tampÂèvenH rhUtdl'pÂèvÓkj"aQun eTIb
bt'cUlmklicv^j mkdl'muxmnæIrsPaCati kºçnVnQb' ehIynimn¶¨BHsgôbg§¬kUlCUnsB
enATIenaHeday¨sgUt¨sgat'. bnæab'mkeTIbkºçntd÷eNIrtampÂèvÓkj"aQunmkliceTot eTIb
cUleTAtºègtampÂèvvt¶buTmvtIeTAQb'enAQabnd½anvt¶buTmvtIenaH edémºIbUCa. G~kenAP~MeBj
cUlrYbrYmk~¬gkºçnenHCae¨cIn¨kumCae¨cInBYk ¨bkbedayTwkmuxe¨kom¨kMCaTIbMput. karmYyeTot
EdlTukdUcCaGsÍar´bn¶icEdr KWeBldEgúsBenaH tMkl'elIV"qaVnbn¶ic ¨BHPiruNbgí¬rcuHmk
rYcemX¨sTuM¨sTn'dUcCaecHkan'TukÅ cMeJHmrNPaBrd½bursExµrenHEdr. Gs'elakenAP~MeBj
cas'@ GacnwgniyayerOgenHeLIgv^jVn sUmbíèn@ ¨skrenHsaksYrelakpgcuH.
sm&yenaH, elak eGov-ekIs Vt'bg'Cév^teTA, etIsµartI¨sLaj'lTiì¨bCaFiety´
rbs'raås¶ExµrcuHfyÉ? etIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ (kºald÷rI) cuHfykmÂSgÉ? minEmneT! pæ¬y
BIvtÄ¬bMNgrbs'BBYkraCniym p¶ac'karniym GaNaniKmniym Edlcg'bMVt'lTiì¨bCaFib-

40
(rUbft 4 : BiFIbUCasB äkÓt¶m eGov-ekIs)
ety´ nigKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ raås¶ExµrrwtEtmansµartIPÂWfÂaeLIgmYykMriteTot ¨sLaj'
lTiìenHxÂSgeLIg e¨JHeKyl'fa {! lTiìenHmant«mÂNas'etI s¨mab'GjCaraås¶enaH! dUec~H
eTIbeKsmÂab'elak eGov-ekIs ecalkuM[elakCYykarJrGjekIt eKcg'TukGjCaraås¶
gg·t K fÂg'eTArab'stvt§eTot kuM[egébPÂWsÃagekIt.
kalebIraås¶Exµryl'y"agh~wgehIy KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*kÂayeTACaKNbk§
Edlraås¶¨sLaj'y"agelIslub.
R R
R

41
xÆ¬MnigKukneyaVym¶geTot
cUlmkk~¬gq~S 1951 KNbk§neyaVyVnmanskmµPaBCafµé eday¨bCaCatiExµr¨tèv
kar[manGgðkarnItibJïti¶eLIgv^j.
KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ CaKNbk§EdlQrCYrmuxKNbk§äeTot edayraås¶FÂab'
sðal'nig¨sLaj'. cMeJHrUbxÆ¬MBuMmanBenÂIseT kareXasnaeVHeq~at dUcCakarkMsan¶buN´Tan
(rUbft 5 : kareXasnarbs'KNbk§¨bCaFibety´sm&yenaH)
suTìsaF tºitxÆ¬MniyayeXasnam¶g@ kEnÂgNak*edayeKTH«dGbGrsaTrBuMEdlxan. m´a"g
eTot eKFÂab'lºIfa xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l FÂab'Cab'KukekaH¨tLac FÂab'ksagkMeNIt²s§r:. emÂ"aH
ehIyeKrab'GanxÂSgNas'cMeJHraås¶.
sPaCatinItikalTI 2 k*¨tèvVnekAGImkxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´y"age¨cIn Edl
manrUbxÆ¬Mk~¬genaHm~ak'Edr. nItikalsPaCatiTI2 enHVnebIksm&y¨bCu÷enA«f©TI 4 tula 1951 .
ehIyenA«f©TI 12 tula 1951 KN:rd½mån¶Ifµé EdlPaKe¨cInxag¨bCaFibety´ ehIy
Edld·knSedayelak hußy Knì¬l CanaykenaH VnnSsmaC^kmkbgúajxÂçncMeJHsPapg.
(rUbft 6 : ebIksm&y¨bCu÷sPaCatiTI 2 sm&yenaH. rUbBIeqÃgeTAs¶S : CYrxagmux elak sWn-san,
¨Tg' ²ånæavg§ . CYrxage¨kay : elak Cu÷-mYg, xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l .)
sPaCatieFÃIkarbe¨mIEtÓt¶mKtiCatidEdl karJrEtlTiì¨bCaFibety´dEdl k*minVn
sux¨sYlesaH ecHEtTTYlkarsgût'sgû^nrbs'es¶csIhnudrab. ehIyVnEtCagmYyq~S

42
bu"eNöaH edayeyIgecHEtcecsrwgTTwgnwg¨BHGgðxÂSgeBk enA«f©TI 13 mkra 1953 ¨BHGgð
e¨bIGMNacp¶ac'karrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2 enaHeTA. xÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l nigG~k¨bqSgecj
muxe¨cInK~a ¨tèv«deCég¨BHGgðcab'GUskºalbJÍèlKukk~¬geBlenaHeTA. Cév^txÆ¬M, Cab'KukelIkTI2
nwgelIkenHehIy!. {! GnicÍakmµKuk, GIk*G~k¨sLaj'xÆ¬MemÂ"H? Vt'muxxÆ¬MyUrminVnÉ? kalBIq~S
1942 xÆ¬MVnmkCYbnwgG~km¶gehIy ehIyhYsrhUteTAekaH¨tLac, ²Lèvq~S 1953 xÆ¬MmkenH
m¶geTot ehIymind·gCanwgeTANaeToteT?
xÆ¬McUlKukelIkTI 2 enH Vnsegûtk~¬gKukFMrbs'ExµrKµanxusBIC÷nan'q~S 1942 eT rebob
EbbbTeFÃITaruNkmµmnus§enAdEdl. ehIyxÆ¬MsegûteXIjeKpÍalmnus§edayv^FIEbÂk@ dUcCa
eKykG~keTaseTAcgepíabnwgKl'sÃay[GågûgecamxS E¨skrkBueTìa!
enHCacritG~kd·knSrd½Exµr KµanEkE¨brebobesaH enAEtcas'K¨mwl«¨B«p§dEdl. xÆ¬M¨TS
rs'enAk~¬gKukGkuslGs'eBl 8Ex 20«f© eTIbmanvasnarMedaHrYcmkv^j.
xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkerOgmYy. muneBlrYcBIkarXuMXSg xÆ¬M¨BmTSgmit¶Cae¨cIn VnTTYlesck¶I
ek¶A¨khaytUccit¶ cMeJHemneyaVyKNbk§¨bCaFiety´dUcK~a EdleKmanvasnalímin
Cab'Kuk eKcUleTA¨V¨s&ynwgBYkxÆ¬MenAk~¬gKuk eKeJlbenæasBYkxÆ¬Mfa: Gs'elakeXIjeT?
Gs'elakmineCOxÆ¬M, xÆ¬MVnrMlwke¨cInelIke¨cIn¨KaehIyfa kuM¨bqSgnig¨BHkruNaCaGmÍas'Cév^t
elItºèg[esaH, BYkelakmins¶ab'xÆ¬MeT ²LèvTal'EtGIcwgeTA! bu"En¶minGIeT Gs'elaknwgVnrYc
xÂçnk~¬geBlqab'@ enHehIy!
En! vaeTACaGIcwg, KYrNas'EtmklYgelamelIkTwkcit¶K~a mindUec~aHEbrCamkbenæas
dUceKykePÂIgmkcak'elI¨Tèg! enHcritExµrvaGIcwg!
tSgBIecjBIKukkalNa xÆ¬MnwktUccit¶cMeJHxÂçnägy"agxÂSgEdlBIenaHmkenH KµanVn
sux¨sçlesaH Cév^txÆ¬MCaCév^tmansuTìEtbnÂa¨cèg¨cagc¨mègc¨masCanicÍ Kuk¨cvak'Cab'EkgKYr
[sÆb'EsÆg. xÆ¬MdUcCaGs'kmÂSgnwgbe¨mICév^tneyaVy¨twmeNH. xÆ¬Mehvht'Nas'ehIy. xÆ¬M
k*VndkxÂçnBICév^tenHmYy¨Ka ehIyEbrCamkxitxM¨bkbrbrTTYlTanciJÍwmCév^tnwg¨Kçsarv^j
m¶g eday¨bkbrbrJNiCØkmµy"agsÃitsÃaj¨bLèkbU"kV"kCamYycineBjTMhwg drabVnman
CévPaBsmrm´Camnus§nwgeKluHsBÃ«f©. bu"En¶eTaHbIlak'xÂçnElgeFÃIneyaVy KitEtrksIuk*
eday k*xÆ¬MecHEttamkt'sMKal'sÄankarN_¨sukExµrCadEdlEdr e¨JHdUcVn¨CabehIy G~k
cUlvg'neyaVy eTaHbIXÂatBIvg'eTAehIyk*eday EtgEtlbemIleKG~kfµé EdlkMBugEtkan'
karrd½enaHCadrab. karsMxan'@ EdlxÆ¬Mkt'sMKal' ehIyEdlxÆ¬MecHEt¨s«mfarbbrbs'es¶c
sIhnu muxCanwgmanehtuGa¨kk'enA«f©NamYy edayeyIgCaraås¶¨TSenAElgVn ¨tèvEtruHerI
enaHKWÐ
- es¶csIhnuyktMENgnaykrd½månI¶mkkan' bnæab'BIrMlaysPaCatinItikalTI 2
q~S 1953 .
- mkBIelakelµaPGMNac vatykGMNacrd½¨Kb'ya"gmkkan' edémºIjak'ejaceTA
Nak*Vn.

43
- es¶csIhnudak'tMENgraC´[es¶cÒBukesayraC´CYsteTA 1955, elakcUl¨b
Lèkk~¬gneyaVy[Vnkb'«d; KNbk§EdleFÃI¨sbtamrd½FmµnuJï¨tèvrlay@
Gs' edayGanuPaBelak.
¨tg'eNHmkBIelakxÂacrlayraCblÂ&gûpg cg'B¨gékmuxmat'[man¨bCa¨biyPaBEt
m~ak'ägpg.
mYyeTotsem¶csIhnueXareXANas' cit¶min¨tg'bg'scÍ:eFÃIVbBYkKNbk§¨bCa
Fiety´semºIm. enA«f©TI 11 sIha 1957 sem¶csIhnuVn¨bkas[KN:kmµkarkN¶al«n
KNbk§¨bCaFibety´ cUleTAk~¬g¨BHbrmraCvSgC÷nMuenA¨BHTInSgePaCnIy edémºecaTeqÂIyGMBI
vtÄ¬bMNgrbs'KNbk§¨bCaFibety´. eBlenaHmanmnus§e¨cInJn'nak' VncUleTAs¶ab'
pæal' äv^T´¬Catik*manp§aybn¶[G~ks¶ab'äeTot¾pg. xagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´manrUb
elak sÃay-sUr Ca¨bFan, elak tan'-KImhYn, ¨Tg'nerat¶m-PUris§ra, elak Ekv-mu"g¨KI,
elak KS-er"t CasmaCik. k~¬g{kasebIksm&y¨bCu÷rYc sem¶csIhnu¨bkasy"agmWugm"at'fa
suM[Gs'elakxagKNbk§ kuMbIPitP&yÉ¨BYyVrm¸[esaHk~¬gerOgeKeFÃIVbep§g@, xÆ¬MsuMFana
TSgGs'faKµannrNab"HJl'elakeT elakniyayGÃIniyay[¨tg'@ eTAcuH kuM¨BYy!
eBl¨bCu÷enaH cab'BIem"ag 9 rhUtdl'em"ag 13:40 eTIbcb' KNbk§¨bCaFibety´
VnbgúajnUveKalbMNgEdlrk§alTiì¨bCaFiety´¨sbtamrd½FmµnuJïBit¨Vkd eFÃI[sem¶c
sIhnuminsbºaycit¶esaHeLIy. äBYkEqûCabrivarsIhnuv^j qab'yl'¨BHT&ysIhnuCamÍas'
Nas'eTAeTot BYkenaHcS[Etcb'eBl¨bCu÷nwgeramxSBYkGs'elakKNbk§¨bCaFibety´[
k§&yEtm¶g. Emn, sIhnuCamÍas'rbs'vahamEtmat'eT k~¬gcit¶KWBn´¬HvaCaEqû[cS¨tVk'kºal
eKCae¨sc. ¨Kan'EtC÷nuMcb'PÂam elak sÃay-sUr, elak Ekv-m"ug¨KI, ¨Tg'nerat¶m-PUris§ra
ecjtamTÃarxageCégk*¨tèvBYkenaH E¨skeCrm¶aytay{BukdUcCaBYkVtp§arGavaEs ¨BmTSg
B&TìKb'du÷fµe¨Jg¨Jt eTAelIelak sÃay-sUr d÷NMCageK tSgBIk~¬gvSgrhUte¨kAvSgEbkmux
Ebkmat'Gs'. elak tan'-KimhYn nigelak KS-er"t ecjeTATÃarxagekItrYcxÂçn bu"En¶VnP&y¨B
lwgcugsk'mintic. enHCalkÅN:e¨TIsX~grbs'sem¶csIhnu EdlcUlcit¶eVkbeJÏateK[
sÂab'tamKMnitefakTab.
- es¶csIhnueLIgeCar edayecHEts¶ab'Jk´beJØarrbs' cin-yYn kumµ¬ynis¶ k*síb'
GaemrikSgcak'[VtukrvayTUtGaemrikSg 1962 ehIykat'TUtBIGaemrik, GB´a¨kitcak'
EfveTAxagkumµ¬ynis¶ edayxMykcit¶kumµ¬ynis¶ kuM[kumµ¬ynis¶bMVt'raC´ ebIkalNakumµ¬y-
nis¶cUlmkdl'.
raås¶yl'fa erOgenHmkBIelakxÂackumµ¬ynis¶EdlCas¨tèvnwges¶c cUlmkkab'
smÂab'elak eTIbelakelgpÂèvlYgykcit¶[ehIy.
cugcb' Gs'smtÄPaBnwgs¶ar¨sukeTsEdlman{nPaB fv^kaFÂak'¨sutdl'Vtdal
bN¶almkBIkar¨Kb'¨Kgrbs'xÂçnEdlecHEtcayBuMecHrk, sIhnuk*tSgxMeFÃIkun eFÃIelÅan begûét
emdaylk'«rykluy rhUtdl'ebIkkasIuNUq~S 1969 nS[raås¶Gn¶rayhinehacmintic.

44
edaysÄankarN_¨sukkan'Etliclg's¨swmenH ehIyEdlmanyYneyokkugecar¨keBI¨bvti¶-
saås¶¨bcSCati kMBugEthamat'¨bug¨tVk'elbykeTApgenH sIhnucM¨bb'EmnETn cg'edaH«d
BITMnYlxus¨tèv k*tSgehAelak ln'-nl' sirImt: [mkCYys¶arnavakmõ¬CaenH eday[nam
rd½aPiVlelak ln'-nl' fa rd½aPiVle¨sac¨sg'Cati (Gouvernement de Sauvetage) ehIy
[TTYlxus¨tèvcMeJHmux¨bvti¶saås¶ (ExsIha 1969).
kt'sMKal'CalMdab'mkbu"eNöH xÆ¬MecHEtnwkm«mfa minyUreT ¨sukExµrmuxCanwgPan'E¨b
minxaneT. kMBugKit ¨sab'Etkëèg! «f©TI 18 mIna 1970 ¨Bwti¶karN_¨bvti¶saås¶pæ¬HeLIg sPa
CatiEdlCatMNag¨bCaCatiExµrTSgmUl EdlCasParbs'es¶csIhnurbs'sgðmraås¶niym
VneVHeq~atCaäkcÏnæTMlak'sem¶csIhnuBI¨bmuxrd½Exµr!
Emn! esck¶I¨s«mrbs'xÆ¬MVnedérdl'PaBBitehIy. xÆ¬MmanGMNrrkJk´niyayBuMVn!
¨BWxÂçncMeJHsµartIPÆak'rlwk«nGs'elakvrCneyIg bJïvn¶eyIg ¨BHsgôeyIg ¨bCaBlrd½
eyIg EdlrYmK~akMcat'sIhnu emp¶ac'kartMNagrbbraCniymcuge¨kayenH[xÍat'eTAVn. Et
bu"eNöH sIhnuGs'lkÅN_ehIy ehIyebIGac¨tLb'cUlmk¨sukv^jVn sIhnuGs'manPaB
CaxÂa CaraCsIh_eTotehIy EtKWCaqµamYybu"eNöaH. xÆ¬Myl'Cae¨sc.
edayxwgeXarnwgeKTmÂak'xÂçn es¶cken¶¯enHEdlsÄitenAäeb"kSg¨sab'pg manlTìPaB
¨Kb'¨Kan'nwgeFÃIkarsgswkmkelIExµr k*Bn´¬HyYneyokkugeyokNamxageCégEdlman¨sab'
enAelIdéExµr [vayExµrK¨KwkKe¨KgEtm¶g nacugExmIna 1970 nigt@ mk.
Tl'nwgsÄankarN_¨bfucj¬"cenH elakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' VnEfÂgsarhaehAExµr
[CYy¨byuTì ehIyelak¨bmUlG~kneyaVy¨Kb'nin~akarTSgGs' [cUlCYysÄabnaCatiCa
mYynwgelak. ¨KaenaHTwkcit¶Exµr QamExµrG~kcmºSg mankareBjcit¶cMeJHelakesna¨bmux
ln'-nl' y"agxÂSg Tahan 24 em"agekIteLIge¨Jg¨JtCYy¨suk. erOgenHGs'elakPaK
e¨cInNas'Vnd·gVncSTukEdr.
ärUbxÆ¬M¨tèvelakesna¨bmux ln'-nl' naykrd½mån¶I nigCanayGKðesnaFikarkgeyaF
BlexmrCati haehAeTAbMJk'sk¶izan:Cavresniy¨tI bMerIkgT&BteTA.
KWxÆ¬MeBjcit¶Nas'eTAehIy edayxÆ¬MVnman{kasnwgbMerIneyaVyfµérbs'rd½aPiVl
e¨sac¨sg'Catiy"ageBjTMhwg. xÆ¬MEdllak'xÂçnBYnGatµaGs'kalC^t«m¸q~Sk~¬grbbraCniym
enaH eBlenH¨tèvEtpuseLIgv^j.
- ExÓsPa 1971 xÆ¬MVn¨tèvEtgtSgCaGnurd½elxaFikar¨ksYgFmµkar
- «f© 28 mIna 1972 xÆ¬MVn¨tèvEtgtSgCaÓbkarI«nelakesna¨bmux ln'-nl'
¨bFanaFibtI
- ehIyExkJïa 1972 xÆ¬MVncUlrYmk~¬gKNbk§sgðmsaFarNrd½ drabCab'eq~atCa
smaC^ksPaCatinItikalTImYysBÃ«f©enH.
erOgcUlKNbk§enH maneKdN¶wgsYrfaehtuGÃIVnCaxÆ¬McUl ecaläKNbk§¨bCaFib
ety´rbs'xÆ¬MBImun?

45
xÆ¬MsUmC÷rabk~¬gvg'¨kckfa edayxÆ¬MsegûteXIjeKalbMNg«nKNbk§enHsmrm´lµm
[rYbrYmCamYyekItenHm´a"g m´a"geTot cg'cUleTACYytE¨mt¨mg'ExµrK~aeyIg[eqõaHeTATisEt
mYypg. xÆ¬Mminyl'esaH cMeJHG~kxÂHEdlecHEtmanH minCYyK~aesaH edayKitEtBICYyKN
bk§eTAv^j cg'Catiliclg'dl'Nadl'NIk*eday. G~kkan'karrd½enaHCaK~aeK Gjminrvl'eTA
eboteT cSKNbk§Gj K~aGjeLIgkan'karswmGjrvl'CamYy.
xÆ¬MminEdlKitdUec~HeT ehIycMeJHmit¶xÆ¬MxagKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ k*xÆ¬MminEdlecal
Edr minEdlsíb'eT enAEttamrab'Gan enAEt¨sLaj' ÓTahrN_cºas'sBelak V"c-QWn
(«f©16tula1971) sBelak Cu÷-mYg (BI«f©11mIna1973) KWmanrUbxÆ¬MCaG~kcat'EcgelIkdak'
erobcMedaypæal'@ Edr. eyIgEbkBIKNbk§¨Kan'EtCakarpÂas'briyakas ExÃgeyabl'K~a
bu"eNöaH Tid½PaBneyaVyeyIg ¨bkan'ykdEdldUcK~ak~¬gerOg¨beTsCati enA¨sukGaemrik
manG~kxÂHecjBIKNbk§¨bCaFibety´ eTAcUlKNbk§saFarNrd½ GIcwgEdr. xÆ¬Myl'fa
vadUcCaTuTid^½niymeBk ebIeyIg¨bkan'EtKNbk§mYy@.
²LèvxÆ¬MsUmv^lEbrmkeJlGMBIcritExµr e¨kay 18 mIna 1970 tmkeTotenH etIman
xusEbÂkbu"nµanBIrbbraCniymeT? pÂas'Etrbb bu"En¶mnus§manpÂas'TSgGs'K~aäNa? xYrkºal
Exµr critExµr manpÂas'äNa? KMnitcg'FMdac'Etäg, KMnitriHKn'Q~anIsK~a, KMnitkab'smÂab'bMVt'
Cév^tK~a, KMnit¨bTUsr"ayK~aKµanQb'Qr, KMnitbk§BYkniym Gjniym, emIlgayeK GaenaH
minekIt GaenHminepH GaenHGIecH GaenaHGIcuHùùù mindl'BYkeyIgeT, .l. nig .l. enAman
dEdlk~¬gsgðmExµr.
R R
R

46
etIrbbfµéenH
ExµrmanpÂas' eT?
xÆ¬MsUmrMlwkeLIgv^j nUvehtukarN_TSgLayEdls[eXIjfa eyIgecHEtmancrit
¨bqSgK~adUcEdlniyaymkehIyenHdUcteTA Ð
k~¬gq~S 1970 mund÷bUgvrCneyIg ¨bCaBlrd½eyIgrYbrYmK~alíNas'. TSgelak sWg-
g"ukfaj' ¨bmuxclnaExµresrIk*VncUlrYbrYmnwgGs'elakvrCn 18 mInaEdr ¨BmTSgbJØènkg
T&BelIkd÷bUg bImWunnak'mkCYye¨sac¨sg'kmõ¬Capg [qÂgputBIe¨KaHf~ak'Cad÷bUg«d. TSgGs'
K~aeFÃIGÃIeFÃICamYyK~a Kµanr{szanesaHeLIy drabdl'¨bkas¨beTsExµrCasaFarNrd½ kalBI
«f© 9 tula 1970 eTot. äs¨tèvecamvayeyIge¨Jg¨Jt bu"En¶sµartIeyIgKµanejacj&r
cMeJHxµSgbu"nµaneT eyIgsgô·mfa GacnwgkMcat's¨tèèveTAv^jVn. eyIgmansamKðImutmS
Nas' TSgvrCn TSg¨bCaBlrd½.
bu"En¶CaGkuslrbs'eyIgExµr cUlmkq~S 1971 Exkum¸: elak ln'-nl' ¨tèvmanCm©·
xUc«deqÃgeCégeqÃg ehIy¨tèvecjeTAB´aVlenAbreTs rhUtdl'«f©TI 12 emsa eTIb¨tLb'
mkv^j. sÄankarN_k~¬g¨sukdUcCalík'xÃl'e¨JHenA«f©TI 20 emsa 1971 elak ln'-nl'
dak'Jk´suMlaElgBId÷ENgnaykrd½mån¶I cMeJHelak ecg-ehg ¨bmuxrd½. «f© 21 emsa

47
elak ecg-ehg GnuJïattamJk´suMrbs'elak ln'-nl' EtelaksuM[elak ln'-nl'
erobcMKN:rd½mån¶I.
- «f© 23 emsa enAv^manrd½cMkarmn elak¨bmuxrd½ edaymansPaTSgBIr nigrd½mån¶I
eXasnakarcUlrYmpg VnCYbsnænaCamYyGgðkarsarBtámanCatiedémºIb¶èreya
bl'erOgv^bti¶KN:rd½mån¶I.
- «f© 28 emsa elak ln'-nl' CUnd÷NwgeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elakBuMGac
erobcMKN:rd½mån¶IVneT.
- «f© 29 emsa edayelak nl'-nl' BuMGacEtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶IVn elak¨bmuxrd½
e¨kayBIVnBie¨KaHCamYy¨bFanrd½sPa nig¨bFan¨kum¨bwk§asaFarNrd½ (kal
eNaHehAdUec~aH) k*Vnes~Ielak suIsuvtÄi sirimt: [erobcMKN:rd½mån¶I. elak
sirimt: fa cSKitemIlsin.
- «f©TI 30 emsa elak sirimt:tbeTAelak ecg-ehg v^jfa elaks¶ayNas'
edayBMuGacEtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶IfµéVn BIe¨JH Ð TI 1 elakCard½mån¶Icas'cg'[
G~kfµékan'karm¶g, TI 2 ¨sukkMBugekItsågðamrvl'eFÃIsågðam. elak ecg-ehg
Gs'pÂèvk*es~IeTAelak CYb-Ehßl GtIt¨bFanrd½sPa [EtgtSgKN:rd½mån¶I.
- «f©TI 1 ÓsPa elak CYb-Ehßl eqÂIytbeTAv^jfaelakBuMGace¨CéserIsKN:rd½
mån¶IVneT. elak ecg-ehg k*cat'[elak Giun-tS ¨bFansPaCatie¨CéstSg
KN:rd½mån¶I.
- «f© 3 ÓsPa elak Giun-tS VneqÂIytbfaelakBuMGace¨CéstSgKNrd½mån¶IVn
eT.
eTAäeNHBuMGaceTAäeNaHBuMGac k*tSg¨bCu÷TSgGs'K~aEtm¶g KWelak ecg-ehg,
elak ln'-nl', elak suIsuvtiÄ sirimt:, elak Giun-tS, elak Gußg-swum. TSgGs'K~at¨mèv
[elak ln'-nl' e¨CéstSgKN:rd½mån¶I.
TMrSEtniyay¨tèvK~a ¨BmeFÃIkarCamYyK~a eyIgmanv^bti¶KN:rd½mån¶IGs'eBlknÂHEx
elgTeT.
- «f©TI 5 ÓsPa smaC^k«nKN:rd½mån¶I VncUleTAbgúajxÂçnenATIs¶Ikarnaykrd½
mån¶I. smaC^ksMxan' KWelak ln'-nl' Canaykrd½mån¶I, elak sirimt: Canayk
¨btiPU, elak Giun-tS CaÓbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1, elak sux-qug CaÓbnayk
rd½mån¶ITI 2, elak hg§-Funhak' Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 3.
Gs'elakG~kenAkt'sMKal'eXIjfa Gs'elakvrCnTSgGs'enH enArYbrYmK~aKYrsresIr.
k~¬gExmifuna-kkûda bJúaxÃHGgûrVnecaTeLIgKYr[¨BWkºalrhUtdl'FÂak'elak Xwg-
«flI BId÷ENgrd½mån¶I¨ksYgÓs§ahkmµ nig p¶l'Ps¶¬Par.

48
¨kwt´ 468/71bùrù cuH«f© 29-5-71 tSgKN:kmµkarcMruHTUlMTUlay TTYlbnæ¬kerob
cMesck¶I¨Jgedémrd½FmµnuJï«nsaFarNrd½ExµrmansmaC^k 3 nak' tMNagGgðkarrd½nimYy@ nig
smaKmnimYy@. ry:eBleFÃIrd½FmµnuJï : 3 Ex.
«f© 16 mifuna 1971 em"ag 9 ¨Bwk elak sirimt: VnebIkBiFI (¨bkasnaykelx
1111-71) [KN:kmµkarcab'eFÃIkarrbs'xÂçn. KN:kmµkarcMruHmansmaC^kTSgGs' 231
nak' EdlmanxÆ¬M bußNöcnæ-mu"l m~ak'pgtMNagBuTìiksmaKmmCÎmNëlsaFarNrd½. KN:kmµ
karcMruHedaymanelak mas-saäm Ca¨BwTì¨bFanbeN¶aHGasn~ VneVHeq~ate¨CéserIs¨b
Fan Gnu¨bFanTSgBIrnigKN:kmµkarEtgesck¶I 15 nak'. lTìpl«nkareVHeq~at KW ¨bFan
elak sU-ENm, Gnu¨bFanTI1 elak Duk-r"asuI, Gnu¨bFanTI 2 elak ¨Tij-va"j.
KN:kmµkarcMruHenHVneFÃIkary"agskmµmk.
- «f© 6 sIha 1971 elak sirimt: eTAshrd½Gaemrik rhUtdl'«f© 30 sIha eTIb
¨tLb'mkv^j VneCaKC&y¨tcH¨tcg'.
- «f©esAr_ TI 4 kJïa elak sirimt: VneFÃIsn~isITmYyraykarN_GMBIlTìplEdl
elakVneTATak'Tgnwgshrd½Gaemrik ehIyelakfa [EteyIgrYbrYmK~ay"aglí
teTAeTot eKnwgkan'EtCYyeyIgeTÃreLIgeTot. s¶ab'elak sirimt: nS[sbºay
cit¶Nas'. KW¨tèvEtsamKðI bu"En¶TnæwmnwgeBlenaH mind·gehtudUcem¶c ¨sab'EtenA
rd½sPaäeNaH tMNagraås¶ 36 nak' eFÃIjti¶suMdkelak Ey"m-sMbUr ecjBI
tMENg¨bFan.
- «f© 16 ExkJïa 1971, e¨kayBIeBlCECkK~aEbkEp§gmk k~¬gerOgTmÂak'elak
Ey"m-sMbUr rd½sPaeVHeq~atsm©at'man 24 semÂg[TmÂak'tamjti¶ man 31
semÂg[Tuk. dUec~Helak Ey"m-sMbUr enAteTAeTot. CECkK~aenaHnS[mnus§Ebk
samKðImintic. bnæab'enaH enAes©¿m@ ¨sab'Et«f© 24 kJïa elak Giun-tS EdlCa
Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1 nigCaÓt¶mesniy¨tIenaH ¨tèvdkecjBIt÷ENgTSgGs' b¶èr
tMENgenHCUneTAelak Twm-gYn qûy. ¨bCaCnExµrEbbesµ¯k edayq©l'. yI! Gs'
elakFM@ em"ck*edjK~aecalFUremÂ"H?
- ¨kwtélx 570/71bùrù cuH«f© 4-10-71 KN:kmµkarc¨muHEtgrd½FmµnuJï ¨tèvVn
BnáeBl 2 Ex teTAeTot bu"En¶mind·gehtudUcem¶c ¨sab'Etman¨kwtélx 609/
71bùrù cuH«f© 16-10-71 begûétsPaFmµnuJï edaybJÍèlsPaTSgBIr cab'tSgBI
«f© 18 tula 1971 teTA.
- KN:rd½mån¶Ie¨CéserIsEfmfµé KWelak Twm-gYn Óbnaykrd½mån¶ITI 1 TTYlbnæ¬kTIs¶I
karnaykrd½mån¶I nigkars¨mbs¨mçlxagmha«pæ sn¶isuxCati Fmµkaryut¶iFmá
saFarNkar nigeTBekaslĆnbT.
- elak qn-suxum eTsrd½mån¶I¨ksYgÓs§ahkmµnigsbºiykmµ.
- elakÓt¶mesniy¨tI zabºNag^n~ rd½mån¶I¨ksYgmha«pæ sn¶isuxCati nigkmµkar.

49
- elak m"aLay-exm rd½mån¶I¨ksYgJNiCØkmµ nigp¶l'Ps¶¬Par.
«f©TI 20 tula ¨BHsgôenAP~MeBjVneFÃIVtukmµs©b's©at'enAmuxvt¶Garam TamTar[
elak ln'-nl' eFÃI¨bmuxrd½ ¨BmTSgbiTJkésÂak suM[t¨mwmt¨mg'nUvkicÍkarrd½TSgLay
Edlelí¿geXÂ¿gXÂat.
- «f©TI 8 v^cÏika 1971 elak ecg-ehg ebIkBiFI¨bkasCapÂèvkarnUvsPaFmµnuJï.
eBlenaHsPaFmµnuJïeVHeq~ate¨CéstSg¨bFannigGnu¨bFan VnlTìpl elak
Giun-tS Ca¨bFan, elak Bin-yWn CaGnu¨bFanTI 1, elak ekIt-KIhßag Gnu
¨bFanTI 2.
eyIgeXIjfa elak Guin-tS EdleKhUtgarenaH ¨tèvmanmuxecjmkeTottamry:sPa
FmµnuJïenH.
sUmC¨mabfa sÄankarN_swkeBlenaH eyIgvayeTAkan'ext¶kMBg'FM VneTAdl'P~M
snæ¬k ¨sab'Etfymkv^j¨kak@ Gs'rlIg ehIysÄankarN_xaglicP~MeBj (TYlelob) k*
ke¨mIky"agF©n'F©r¨BYyVrm¸ EtVnFUreTAv^jenAcugExF~è 1971 enaH.
sgô·mfa q~S 1972 EbbVn¨sçl bu"En¶mindUec~aH EbrCamanerOgt@ eTot :
- «f©TI 8 mina 1972 ¨sab'Etmanjti¶rbs'nis§itmhav^Tál&ynItisaås¶ nig
v^Tásaås¶esd½kicÍ CUnsPaFmµnuJï sUmes~ImuWgma"t' min[dak'k~¬gkal:eTs:NaEdl
kareVHeq~atBuMGac¨b¨Bwt¶eTAVnenaH buKðlNamanQamC&rCaes¶c[kan'tMENgFM@
rbs'saFarNrd½Exµr dUcmanEcgxage¨kamenH
1- ¨bFanaFibtI
2- Gnu¨bFanaFibtI
3- naykrd½mån¶I É rd½mån¶I
4- nayGKðesnaFikarkgeyaFBlexmrCati
- «f© 9 miIna nis§it¨bCu÷y"agFMenAsalsn~isITctumux ehAfasmaCyuvCn manbiT
bdae¨Jg¨JtsuTìEtJkésÂakfa : kuMPryuvCn, GFá¨s&ymnus§BukrlYyKW
kºt'Cati, kuMEckGMNacdUcEcknMK~asIu .l.
enATIbJÍb' smaCse¨mcfa :
ÇeyIgCayuvCnElgTukcit¶rd½aPiVlelakÓt¶mesniy sirimt: ehIyÈ
EsíkeLIg«f© 10 mIna 1972 enAkMEBgvt¶ekaH vt¶lgûa manbdaKS¨Tesck¶IsMerccit¶
rbs'smaCyuvCn. k~¬gl©acenaH elak ecg-ehg EfÂgtamv^T´¬fa elakGs'lTìPaBnwgbMerI
¨beTsk~¬gzan:Ca¨bmuxrd½teTAeTotehIy elaksuMepærzan:enHeTAelak ln'-nl' v^j.
minEtbu"eNöaH em"ag 21 yb' elak ln'-nl' k~¬gsarrbs'elak EdlTTYlzan:
¨bmuxrd½BIelak ecg-ehg elakk*Vn[sPaFmµnuJïQb'cb'skmµPaBeTAEdr.

50
En±! vaeTACaGIcwg nis§itminTukcit¶elak sirimt: vaeTACaGs'manelak ecg-ehg
ehIymkrlIgäsPaFmµnuJï! sµ¬KsµajsemºIm!
- «f© 12 mIna elak¨bmuxrd½ ln'-nl' VnEfÂgsarEkE¨bzan:¨bmuxrd½ [eTACaman
¨bFanaFibtI edayEcgfa :
1- ¨bmuxrd½Exµr
nwgmaneQµaHCa¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½BI¨twmeNHeTA.
2- ¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµr
CaGKðembJØakar«nkgeyaFBlexmr Cati.
3- ¨bFanaFibtI«nsaFarNrd½Exµr
TTYlxÂçnägnUvmuxgarCanaykrd½mån¶I. k~¬g kicÍkarenH
¨bFanaFibtImanrd½mån¶ITI 1 m~ak'CaC÷nYy edémºIs¨mbs¨mçl
skmµPaBnigkicÍkar«nsmaC^kTSgLay «nKN:rd½mån¶I.
manTI¨bwk§anig ÓbkarIGmpg. manxuTækal&ynIti¨btibti¶mYy
nig¨kum¨bwk§aCatixagsn¶i suxCaC÷nYypg.
elak ln'-nl' eFÃIbuN´sem¸aFzan:rbs'elakenA«f©TI 14 mIna 1972 edayman
¨BHsgô 108 Ggð Ót¶mesniy vresniy nig[¨bCaBlrd½¨sI¨buscUlrYm.
karenHExµrsgô·mfaVnsux¨sçlehIy mind·gCay"agem"c ¨sab'Etmanv^bti¶KN:rd½
mån¶IeTot vévrrvl'nwgrkvrCnm~ak'[mke¨CéserIsKN:rd½mån¶Ifµé. rkäeNHBuMVn äeNaHBuMekIt
k*eTAehAelak sWg-gu"kfaj' BI«¨BnKr[mkerobcMKN:rd½mån¶I.
eyIgrvl'nwgerOgenH k*¨sab'EtxµSge¨sac¨Kab'ru"EkûtcUl¨kugBIra¨tITI 20 eTA 21 mIna
y"agsemºIm sÂab'Gs'mnus§ 112 nak' KYr[QWcab'Nas'. exæcv^T´¬sæwgmanC&y.
elak¨bFanaFibtI ln'-nl' EfÂgsarerOgenHfa¨VkdCamanG~kk~¬g[«d.
äcMENkelak sWg-g"ukfaj' k*VnerobcMKN:rd½mån¶Itam{vaTrbs'elak ln'-nl'
eTAtamrebob Régime Présidentiel .
¨sab'Et«f© 24 mIna eKeXIjxitb&Nö¨bqSgnwgelak¨Kè exov-Cu÷ EdlecHEtc¨cb'
Gar"beTAC÷nuMCamYysis§ nS[manbriyakasminlí.
ehIysem¶c¨BHsgôraCKN:mhanikayk*¨tèvbgÅ÷¨BHT&y[EfÂgsarmYy benæas
elak¨Kè exov-Cu÷ Edr.
«f© 28 mIna manbdae¨Jg¨JtenAtammhav^T´al&ynanafa:
- kuMekNëraås¶[E¨sk Ceya!
- kuMecaTyuvCnfabegûétGanaFibety´ !
- kMeTcecal[Gs'kMEGlsk¶iPUmi !
- eTAehIy mkv^jEqû !

51
ehIyenA«f© 29 mIna enAsaklv^Tál&yP~MeBj mansmaCyuvCnmYy karJrelak
ta V"g-xat' nig exov-Cu÷ EdlecHEtÓs§ah_mkcUlrYm¨bCu÷CamYysis§ tamesck¶Inimn¶rbs'
sis§.
sÄankarN_v^lvl'rbs'sis§enH VnlatEvgGnÂayrhUtdl'«f© 23 emsa 1972
mhav^Tál&ycºab'¨tèvGaCÆaFrGavuFhtÄB&TìCu÷v^j. enAk~¬genaH manelak Ekv-Gn nignisi§t
kuy-biuc.
äelak sWg-gu"kfaj' ¨bkask~¬g«f©enaH[sis§enA[es©¿m kuMrMeCébrMCYl.
«f© 26 emsa sÄankarN_Gab'GYVnekIteLIg ¨kumVtukrrab'Jn'nak' EdlVnTmÂay
rnSghamXat'kalBI¨BwkenaH VnsÄitenAmuxmhav^Tál&ycºab' manmI¨kèE¨skedomdam[
rd½aPiVl. ehIyem"ag 17 k*nSK~aecaldu÷fµmkelIGavuFhtÄ GavuFhtÄk*ecal¨Kab'EbkEp§g
¨BmTSgs~èrkSePÂIgGs' 5 naTI Vtukrrt'Can'K~a. VtukrE¨skeCrBYkGavuFhtÄy"agxÂSg. Esík
eLIgeTotGFikrN_manteTAeTot Vj'K~a¨cgab'¨cg^lenATIenaH.
enHCaelIkTI 1 ehIy EdlGFikrN_ekIteLIgrvagsis§ nigGaCÆaFr.
elak fac'-Ca rd½mån¶I¨ksYgGb'rMCati sU¨ttamv^T´¬GMJvnav[sis§dak'GavuFcuHenA
em"ag 14 «f©TI 27 emsa.
«f© 28 emsa Vtukmµy"agFMenAv^manäkraC´ sis§Jk'kMNat'exµAenAGav nigCYtkºal
kMNat's manTmÂak'CaybIdUckan'TukÅexµaccin-yYn EteKkan'TukÅexµacK~aeKEdlfaGavuFhtÄ
Vj'smÂab'enaH. manbdaeCrrd½aPiVly"agsemºIm : Vj'yuvCnKWCaTmiL ! braC&yrd½aPi-
Vlp¶ac'kar sWg-gu"kfaj' smÂab'yuvCn manEtrd½aPiVlExµreT EdlsmÂab'yuvCn !
ehIyeKeXasnaK¨KwkKe¨Kg Vn¨Vk'kassnìwk. eBlenaHnisi§t kuy-buic Edl
Caem«nerOg EbrCamk¨bkastamv^T´¬suMeTasrd½aPiVlqû¬y.
- elak ln'-nl' EfÂgsarsuM[sis§EdleFÃIbuNénAv^manäkraCénaH Qb'eFÃI
buNÉdlKµanexµacenaHteTAeTot edémºI[manreboberobryk~¬gsgðm. elakfa
xµSgkMBugrarSgeyIgkuM[eVHeq~atVnenA«f© 30 emsa elaksuM[sis§s©b'cS
eVHeq~atGnumtielIKe¨magrd½FmµnuJïsin. Etsis§Elgs¶ab' eKenAEteTA enAedk
Cu÷v^jv^manäkraC´bn¶buN´dEdl.
suMrMlwkfa eBlenaHcM«f©BisaxbUCapg buN´BisaxbUCa eKeFÃI¨Kvés¨Kvas[rYcEtBI
«d e¨JHrvl'nwgerOgclaclsis§enAv^manäkraCénaH.
«f© 30 emsa 1973 Ca«f©eVHeq~atbeJÍjmtielIKe¨magrd½FmµnuJïfµé. TahannigsIu
v^lk*VneTAeVHeq~at eTaHbIxµSgekobsgût'nigK¨mamkMEhgy"agNak*eday. rd½FmµnuJïenH
G~kxÂHfaminlí minekIt G~kxÂHfadUec~H xÂHfadUec~aH KWfaeyIgKµanäkPaBGÃIeT. bu"En¶eday¨beTs
nimYy@ ¨tèvEtmanrd½FmµnuJïenaH rd½aPiVl¨tèvEtbgÅ÷[ecjcºab'enaHxanBuMVn líGa¨kk'cSEk
kun«f©e¨kay.

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