Presentation about including literature review sources when writing academic papers.

1. Lesson 3 IntroductionLiterature Review Kansai University, Spring 2011

2. Review Academic Paper Abstract Body Introduction Introductory Paragraph Literature Review Study Overview or Concluding Paragraph Methods Results Discussion Conclusion References

3. Introduction The introduction has three main parts Introductory paragraph (Homework on Google Docs) Literature review Explains what other studies have shown Describes what your work will do that other studies have not done Study overview or concluding paragraph States your hypothesis Explain the methods you used in your research

4. Sample Introductory Paragraph(1) Bolivia is a developing country in Latin America with many complicated problems. The problems in education are particularly serious and in need of urgent solutions (Ministerio de Education Bolivia, 2004). Since 2003, the Lesson Study Program was introduced to improve lessons and the ability of teachers to provide instruction. The purpose of the Lesson Study Program is defined as follows, the improvement of the class, the formation of the professional ability of the teacher, and the development of the academic study on class (Yoshizaki, 1997). The result of the Lesson Study Program is reported in developing countries, for example Zambia, Honduras and Myanmar by many researchers (Nishihara, Sawamura 2001, Baba, Nakai 2009 etc.).

5. Sample Introductory Paragraph (2) However, the program had some of problems, such as difficulty in the formation of relationship of teachers, persistence to retain the traditional teacher culture and teacher's resistance to the challenges of the program due to characteristics in the culture of Bolivian teachers. This paper will describe the characteristics of the culture of teachers, investigate the process of the internal and external transformation of teachers, review some of the problems that occurred and examine the future of the Lesson Study Program in Bolivia.

6. Purpose of a Literature Review Purpose of a literature review To show why your research topic is important To provide information about topics related to your research Review sources or references Cite or state what experts say Provide statistics or data To analyze the information to show whether it supports or does not support your research To give an overview of theories or data that shows the need for your research

7. Literature Review Activity(1) What is the main topic? Bert sensei and Mary sensei are looking for a restaurant. What is the purpose? The purpose is to celebrate their 20th wedding anniversary and Mary sensei’s birthday. Why was this topic selected? Find a restaurant to help Bert sensei. He has a difficult time finding a place to go.

8. Literature Review Activity(2) What are important relevant facts? Meals must cost less than 8,000 yen for two people. Bert sensei likes to eat meat. Mary sensei likes seafood. What are the problems or issues? They live in Kobe and their last bus leaves JR Rokkomichi at 10:30 pm. Introduce the problem. The purpose of this research is to find a restaurant for Bert sensei and Mary sensei.

11. Finding Resources (1) Your literature review finds resources that Explain why your topic is important. Give background information related to your topic. Explain important trends and explain why it is important. State what experts say about your area of research. Examine prior or current research or projects that are similar to yours.

12. Finding Resources (2) Find literature that may contradict or go against what you plan to show or do. Point out methods that may have caused the limitations of the projects Point out how the literature does not examine what your research will show Finds literature or other research that supports your hypothesis. Provides data or statistics that supports what you will do.

13. Some Words to Use in a Literature Review According to ________ ______ (2010) (states/found that/discovered that) _____ In a research article by _____ (2009) The results of this study supports ____ Current research shows that _______ One limitation of the study is _____ Kubota and Kurokawa (2008) examined ___ _________ (2007) conducted a study ______

14. Concluding Paragraph The concluding paragraph or study overview Summarizes the main finding of your literature review Describe what you want to do for your research.

15. Homework Find three sources of information that relate to your research topic. Write one to three paragraphs to summarize the information. Write a concluding paragraph that summarizes your literature review. Add this to your Google Doc below the introductory paragraph that you wrote last week. List your three sources below your writing. Write down information to find it again.

16. Question and Answers