Diosdado Macapagal PPT

1. DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
Dec 30 1961 – Dec 30 1965

2. SHORT BIOGRAPHY
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

3. SHORT BIOGRAPHY
• Born on September 28 1910, in Lubao, Pampanga
• He was the second of four children in a poor family
• His parents were Urbano Macapagal (a poet) and Romana
Pangan Macapagal (a schoolteacher)
• He was a distant descendant of Don Juan Macapagal, a prince
of Tondo, who was a great-grandson of the last reigning Rajah of
Selurong, Rajah Lakandula
• Because of his roots in poverty, he was known as the “Poor boy
from Lubao”

4. SHORT BIOGRAPHY
• Macapagal excelled in his studies at local public schools,
graduating valedictorian at Lubao Elementary School,
and salutatorian at Pampanga High School
• He finished his pre-law course at the University of the Philippines,
then enrolled at Philippine Law School in 1932
• While in law school, he gained prominence as an orator and
debater
• Returning to Pampanga, he joined boyhood friend Rogelio de la
Rosa in producing and starring in Tagalog operettas patterned
after classic Spanish zarzuelas

5. SHORT BIOGRAPHY
• In 1938, he married Purita dela Rosa with whom he had two
children: Cielo and Arturo
• Macapagal was able to raise enough money to continue his
studies at the University of Santo Tomas
• In 1936, he topped the bar with a passing score of 89.95%
• He earned his Master of Laws degree in 1941, a Doctor of Civil
Law degree in 1947, and a PhD in Economics in 1957

6. FIRST FAMILY
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

7. EARLY CAREER
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

8. EARLY CAREER
• After passing the bar examination, Macapagal was invited to
join an American law firm as a practicing attorney, a particular
honor for a Filipino at the time
• He was assigned as a legal assistant to President Manuel L.
Quezon in Malacañan Palace
• During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War
II, Macapagal continued working in Malacañan Palace as an
assistant to President José P. Laurel
• After the war,Macapagal worked as an assistant attorney with
one of the largest law firms in the country, Ross, Lawrence, Selph
and Carrascoso

9. EARLY CAREER
• In 1946, President Roxas appointed him to the Dept. of Foreign
Affairs as the head of its legal division
• In 1948, President Quirino appointed Macapagal as chief
negotiator in the successful transfer of the Turtle Islands in
the Sulu Sea from the United Kingdom to the Philippines
• That same year, he was assigned as second secretary to the
Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C.
• In 1949, he was elevated to the position of Counselor on Legal
Affairs and Treaties, at the time the fourth highest post in the
Philippine Foreign Office

10. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
• President Quirino recalled Macapagal from his position in
Washington to run for a seat in the House of
Representatives representing the 1st District of Pampanga
• He won a landslide victory in the1949 election
• He also won re-election in the 1953 election, and served as
Representative in the 2nd and 3rd Congress
• He was consistently selected by the Congressional Press Club as
one of the Ten Outstanding Congressmen during his tenure
• In his second term, he was named Most Outstanding
lawmaker of the 3rd Congress

11. Pieces of legislation which Macapagal promoted were:
MINIMUM WAGE LAW
RURAL HEALTH LAW
RURAL BANK LAW
BARRIO INDUSTRIALIZATION LAW
NATIONALIZATION OF RICE AND CORN INDUSTRIES

12. VICE-PRESIDENCY
• In the 1957 general election, the Liberal Party drafted
Representative Macapagal to run for Vice President as the
running-mate of José Yulo
• While Yulo was defeated by Carlos P. Garcia of the Nacionalista
Party, Macapagal was elected Vice President in an upset
victory, defeating the Nacionalista candidate, José B. Laurel, Jr.,
by over eight percentage points
• A month after the election, he was also chosen as the head of
the Liberal Party
• Macapagal served out his four-year vice presidential term as a
leader of the opposition

13. PRESIDENCY, 1961-’65
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

15. COUNTRY DATA
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

16. PROMISES DURING ELECTION
AND INAUGURATION
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

17. HIS PROMISES
• Macapagal promised a program for the socio-economic aspect
of society wherein he would return free and private enterprises
• He declared that he would be the president of both the rich and
the poor. He promised to erase that line between the wealthy
and the unfortunate. Mostly by elevating the poor’s status to
have a more copious life
“I shall be president not only of the rich but more so of the poor. We must help
bridge the wide gap between the poor man and the man of wealth, not by
pulling down the rich to his level as Communism desires, but by raising the poor
towards the more abundant life.”

18. HIS PROMISES
• The Malacanang Palace is to be opened to the public
• Restoration of morality to the public by alleviating the stature of
the masses
• Promised to end corruption, and establish anti-terrorism

19. THE CABINET
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

20. CABINET

21. CABINET

22. PRIMARY PROBLEMS
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
• Low living standards of the masses
• Lack of economic stability
• Unemployment
• Devaluation of the Philippine Peso
• Revocation of 350 midnight appointments from
the Garcia administration
Garcia appointed 350 people into certain positions before he stepped
down as president (A FEW HOURS BEFORE) Most controversial position
was the central bank governor. This act was against the Saligang Batas

23. LAWS AND PROGRAMS
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
• Opened Malacanang to the Public; however it didn’t last
long because people started to only loft around
• Dismissed corruption in the government
• Changed date of Philippine Independence to June 12
• Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963
• Abolished shared tendency on rice and corn farmlands and
establishment of a leasehold system

24. OTHER HIGHLIGHTS
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
• Initial beatification of Rizal Park;
• Development of “Miracle” (IR-8 variety) rice by the
International Rice Research Institute in 1964;
• Commencement of construction of South Expressway;
• Construction of tenement buildings for the poor;
• Sale of houses to AFP enlisted men and officers;
• The filing of claims to Sabah on June 22, 1962;
• Elected President of 1971-1972 Constitutional Convention

25. ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
• Graft and Corruption (STONEHILL SCANDAL)
• Rise in consumer goods prices
• Peace and order issues
• Macapagal’s privileged subjects in congress and business
paraded their lavish wealth in conspicuous parties and
anomalous deals

26. STONEHILL CONTROVERSY
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
The Administration's campaign against corruption was tested
by Harry Stonehill, an American expatriate with a $50-million
business empire in the Philippines. Macapagal's Secretary of
Justice, Jose W. Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges of tax
evasion, smuggling, misdeclaration of imports, and corruption
of public officials. Diokno's investigation revealed Stonehill's ties
to corruption within the government. Macapagal, however,
prevented Diokno from prosecuting Stonehill by deporting the
American instead, then dismissing Diokno from the cabinet.
Diokno questioned Macapagal's actions, saying,
"How can the government now prosecute the corrupted when
it has allowed the corrupter to go?"

27. RISE IN CONSUMER GOODS
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
Under pressure from the US Government and international
financial institutions, Macapagal reversed Garcia-era
economic policies with economic liberalization policies.
Lifting of foreign exchange controls: Under Garcia, foreign
(mostly American) companies in the Philippines had been
prohibited from taking their profits back to the US. Macapagal
lifted the controls, allowing foreign businesses to send their
profits home. This resulted in a shortage of foreign exchange.
The government was then forced to seek foreign loans to
avoid a exchange crisis.

28. FLOATING PESO
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
Under Garcia, the Peso had a fixed exchange rate, to keep
low prices for domestically-produced goods and food.
Macapagal allowed the Peso to “float” on currency
exchange markets, causing a nearly-100% devaluation of the
Peso, leading to increased consumer prices, hurting Filipino
consumers.
Lifting of import controls: Under Garcia, foreign imports were
limited, to encourage domestic production by Philippine
businesses. Macapagal lifted these limits, with the result that
foreign imports flooded in, hurting domestic industries and
agriculture. But US businesses were happy.

29. FOREIGN POLICIES
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

30. MAJOR LEGISLATION SIGNED
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
• Republic Act No. 3512 – An act creating A fisheries commission defining its
powers, duties and functions, and appropriating funds therefore
• Republic Act No. 3518 – An act creating the Philippine Veterans' Bank, and
for other purposes
• Republic Act No. 3844 – An act to ordain the agricultural land reform code
and to institute land reforms in the Philippines, including the abolition of
tenancy and the channeling of capital into industry, provide for the
necessary implementing agencies, appropriate funds therefor and for other
purposes
• Republic Act No. 4166 – An act changing the date of Philippine
Independence day from July 4 to June 12, and declaring July 4 as
Philippine Republic Day, further amending for the purpose section twenty-
nine of the revised administrative code.
• Republic Act No. 4180 – An act amending republic act numbered six
hundred two, otherwise known as the minimum wage law, by raising the
minimum wage for certain workers, and for other purposes

31. 1965 PRESIDENTIAL
CAMPAIGN
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL

32. 1965 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN
• Towards the end of his term, Macapagal decided to seek re-
election to continue seeking reforms which he claimed were
stifled by a "dominant and uncooperative opposition" in
Congress
• With Senate President Ferdinand Marcos, a fellow member of the
Liberal Party, unable to win his party's nomination due to
Macapagal's re-election bid, Marcos switched allegiance to the
rival Nacionalista Party to oppose Macapagal
• Macapagal was defeated by Marcos in the November 1965
polls

33. CONCLUSION
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
Diosdado Macapagal was chosen by the people of the
Philippines to be their president in 1961 and his term ended in
1965. Considered to be incorruptible by most during the time,
he may have served as an inspiration to his people. That’s why
he included the need for the country to have a good grasp of
good morals and ethics. He also wanted to end corruption,
poverty, homelessness, and other various problems that
plagued the common man. During his entire term however,
none of what he promised or wanted was really achieved. This
makes him look quite bad as a leader of the country contrary
to what he was supposed to be seen as. He’s the type of
person who’s more on talk rather than action.

34. CONCLUSION
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
The devaluation of the Philippine Peso started during his term
which makes him, in the eyes of some, the root of a lot of
today’s problems in the country. Other than that, he returned
free trade and free enterprise to the country which crushed
local goods and businesses which continue to suffer up to
today. When it came to his promises to the common man, the
farmers in particular. He was unable to give them the land
they needed because aside from having no specific time
table as to when they were to receive the land, the
government didn’t have the money to purchase the land from
the hacienderos which was to be distributed to the farmers in
the first place. Basically, he made really good speeches and
the country didn’t “die” when he was in power but he wasn’t
able to do anything great that problems were removed.

35. CONCLUSION
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
His economic policy was called decontrol, which described
the administration of Macapagal. It was called decontrol
because he allowed the foreign products to enter freely in our
country. He also established the Land Bank of the Philippines.
Unfortunately, his term and his leadership are now seen as
either unproductive to the country or were the root causes of
the continuing fall of the Philippine economy today. That is
why he is rated just high enough to pass but not high enough
to be considered a good president.